Multilocus sequence typing detects new Piscirickettsia salmonis hybrid genogroup in Chilean fish farms: Evidence for genetic diversity and population structure     

Adolfo Isla  Mnica Saldarriaga‐Crdoba  Derie E. Fuentes  Romina Albornoz  Denise Haussmann  Jorge Mancilla‐Schulz  Alexis Martínez  Jaime Figueroa  Ruben Avendao‐Herrera  Alejandro Yez 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(5):721-737

Piscirickettsia salmonisis the causative bacterial pathogen of piscirickettsiosis, a salmonid disease that causes notable mortalities in the worldwide aquaculture industry. Published research describes the phenotypic traits, virulence factors, pathogenicity and antibiotic‐resistance potential for various P. salmonisstrains. However, evolutionary and genetic information is scarce for P. salmonis. The present study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to gain insight into the population structure and evolution of P. salmonis. Forty‐two Chilean P. salmonisisolates, as well as the type strain LF‐89^T, were recovered from diseased Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus kisutchand Oncorhynchus mykissfrom two Chilean Regions. MLST assessed the loci sequences of dnaK, efp, fumC, glyA, murG, rpoD and trpB. Bioinformatics analyses established the genetic diversity among P. salmonis isolates (H = 0.5810). A total of 23 sequence types (ST) were identified, 53.48% of which were represented by ST1, ST5 and ST2. Population structure analysis through polymorphism patterns showed few polymorphic sites (218 nucleotides from 4,010 bp), while dN/dS ratio analysis indicated purifying selection for dnaK, epf, fumC, murG, and rpoD but neutral selection for the trpB loci. The standardized index of association indicated strong linkage disequilibrium, suggesting clonal population structure. However, recombination events were detected in a group of seven isolates. Findings included genogroups homologous to the LF‐89^T and EM‐90 strains, as well as a seven‐isolate hybrid genogroup recovered from both assessed regions (three O. mykiss and four S. salar isolates). The presented MLST scheme has comparative potential, with promising applications in studying distinct P. salmonis isolates (e.g., from different hosts, farms, geographical areas) and in understanding the epidemiology of this pathogen.  相似文献   

Autophagy‐related genes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) gill epithelial cells and their role in nutrient restriction     

Jaramar Balmori‐Cedeo  Juan‐Ting Liu  Ehab Misk  Brandon Lillie  John S. Lumsden 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(4):549-558

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Evidence for the facultative intracellular behaviour of the fish pathogen Vibrio ordalii     

Ruben Avendao‐Herrera  Eloisa Arias‐Muoz  Vernica Rojas  Alicia E. Toranzo  Matías Poblete‐Morales  Claudio Crdova  Rute Irgang 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(10):1447-1455

Vibrio ordalii is an extracellular, Gram‐negative bacterium that produces vibriosis in salmonids. While pathogenesis is not fully understood, this bacterium has numerous likely genes for adhesion, colonization, invasion factors and, as recently suggested, intracellular behaviour. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify possible intracellular behaviour for V. ordalii Vo‐LM‐18 and ATCC 33509^T in the fish‐cell lines SHK‐1 and CHSE‐214. Confocal microscopy revealed Vo‐LM‐18 and ATCC 33509^T inside cytoplasm in both fish‐cell lines at 4 hr post‐inoculation (hpi). At 8 and 16 hpi, the proportion of fish cells invaded by both strains increased. Moreover, intracellular V. ordalii were observed after 8 hpi inside mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), demonstrating that entry was not due to a cellular phagocytosis process. Flow cytometry confirmed immunocytochemistry results, with both V. ordalii evidencing statistically significant differences in the number of infected cells between 8 and 16 hpi. Interestingly, V. ordalii infection did not significantly damage fish cells, as determined by LDH liberation. Viable counts at 8 hpi detected, on average for both lines, 176 ± 47 CFU/ml of culturable intracellular Vo‐LM‐18 and ATCC 33509^T cells. These in vitro findings support the facultative intracellular behaviour of V. ordalii and may be of importance for understanding pathogenicity and survival in aquatic environments.  相似文献   

Aeromonas salmonicida infects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) erythrocytes     

Katherinne Valderrama  Manuel Soto‐Dvila  Cristopher Segovia  Ignacio Vsquez  My Dang  Javier Santander 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(11):1601-1608

Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (hereafter A. salmonicida) is the aetiological agent of furunculosis in marine and freshwater fish. Once A. salmonicida invade the fish host through skin, gut or gills, it spreads and colonizes the head kidney, liver, spleen and brain. A. salmonicida infects leucocytes and exhibits an extracellular phase in the blood of the host; however, it is unknown whether A. salmonicida have an intraerythrocytic phase. Here, we evaluate whether A. salmonicida infects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo. A. salmonicida did not kill primary S. salar erythrocytes, even in the presence of high bacterial loads, but A. salmonicida invaded the S. salar erythrocytes in the absence of evident haemolysis. Naïve Atlantic salmon smolts intraperitoneally infected with A. salmonicida showed bacteraemia 5 days post‐infection and the presence of intraerythrocytic A. salmonicida. Our results reveal a novel intraerythrocytic phase during A. salmonicida infection.  相似文献   

Gene expression analyses in malformed skeletal structures of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)     

Natlia Riera‐Heredia  Emilio J. Vlez  Joaquim Gutirrez  Isabel Navarro  Encarnacin Capilla 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(8):1169-1180

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Fish photobacteriosis—The importance of rapid and accurate identification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida     

Snjeana Pe ur Kazazi&#x;  Natalija Topi&#x; Popovi&#x;  Ivan ica Strunjak‐Perovi&#x;  Daniela Florio  Maria Fioravanti  Sanja Babi&#x;  Rozelindra o‐Rakovac 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(8):1201-1209

MALDI‐TOF MS was tested for the identification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida on isolates grown on two media, cultured at three incubation times and applied on the target plate by the direct sample spotting (DS), by the on‐target extraction (OTE) and by the full extraction (FE) method, in triplicates. The identification of samples grown on blood agar (BA) outperformed identification on tryptic soya agar (TSA) by 0.64% for DS and OTE. The OTE gave the highest scores in both culture media, all incubation times and replicates. Reliable 24‐hr species identification was 61.54%, 84.61% and 53.85% for samples grown on TSA and identified by DS, OTE and FE, respectively. For isolates grown on BA, they were 76.92%, 96.15% and 30.77%, respectively. When identified by OTE, the 48‐hr identification was 93.58%, but for 72 hr declined to 71.79%. The reliable identification with the highest score from the first measurement was 100% only for OTE from BA (24 hr), whereas OTE from TSA gave 84.61% (24 hr), 76.92% (48 hr) and 84.61% (72 hr). The reliable MALDI‐TOF MS identification of Ph. damselae subsp. piscicida is incubation time, media, target plate preparation and replicate‐dependent.  相似文献   

Habitat configuration for an obligate shallow‐water delphinid: The Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin,Sousa chinensis,in the Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin)     

Shiang‐Lin Huang  Chongwei Peng  Mo Chen  Xianyan Wang  Thomas A. Jefferson  Youhou Xu  Xueying Yu  Yanling Lao  Jian Li  Hu Huang  Haiping Wu 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(3):472-485

Organic matter derived from kelp supports a large proportion of biomass in temperate rocky reef fish communities: Implications for ecosystem‐based management     

Jacquetta Udy  Stephen Wing  Sorrel O'Connell‐Milne  Stina Kolodzey  Rebecca McMullin  Leonardo Durante  Russell Frew 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(9):1503-1519

Automated detection and tracking of marine mammals: A novel sonar tool for monitoring effects of marine industry     

Gordon D. Hastie  Gi‐Mick Wu  Simon Moss  Pauline Jepp  Jamie MacAulay  Arthur Lee  Carol E. Sparling  Clair Evers  Douglas Gillespie 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(Z1):119-130

Shedding light on the migratory patterns of the Amazonian goliath catfish,Brachyplatystoma platynemum,using otolith 87Sr/86Sr analyses     

Marília Hauser  Carolina R.C. Doria  Roberto V. Santos  Aurea García‐Vasquez  Marc Pouilly  Christophe Pcheyran  Emmanuel Ponzevera  Gislene Torrente‐Vilara  Sylvain Brail  Jacques Panfili  Audrey Darnaude  Jean‐Franois Renno  Carmen García‐Dvila  Jesus Nuez  Franck Ferraton  Gladys Vargas  Fabrice Duponchelle 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(3):397-408