Use of culture-derived Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, race 1 filtrates for rapid and non-destructive in vitro differentiation between resistant and susceptible clones of field-grown banana     

Barbarita Companioni  Mayda Arzola  Yania Rodríguez  Marais Mosqueda  María Cristina Pérez  Orlando Borrás  José Carlos Lorenzo  Ramón Santos 《Euphytica》2003,130(3):341-347

Banana and plantain are among the most important food crops in developing countries but production is threatened by increasing virulent forms of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Chemical control is not economically effective and,therefore, breeding programs are necessary. Traditional field studies of new genotype resistance to this disease are time-consuming and destructive. Therefore,we developed a rapid and non-destructive procedure to differentiate field-grown banana resistant from susceptible clones. This procedure implicates application of culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 onto banana leaves. The relationship between duration of the fungal in vitro incubation, and the fungal culture fresh mass, the culture filtrate absorbency, and the Gross Michel (susceptible cultivar)leaf lesion area (after application of the culture filtrate) were similar and at 24day-incubation the highest values of the recorded indicators were observed. A comparison between Gross Michel and FHIA-01(resistant) was also performed. The most relevant differences between cultivars were observed at 48 hours after application of the culture filtrate, and in the middle-aged leaves. The position of the culture filtrate application in the leaf limb (distal, middle, proximal) was not determinant. A wider comparison among banana cultivars confirmed previous results informed by other researchers using different systems to study this plant-fungus interaction. Such a confirmation validates the effectiveness of the procedure described here to select rapid and non-destructively banana resistance to this disease at field level. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Screening RAPD primers for molecular taxonomy and cultivar fingerprinting in the genus Actinidia   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Guido Cipriani  Renata Di Bella  Raffaele Testolin 《Euphytica》1996,90(2):169-174

Summary Eighty ten-base long arbitrary primers were tested for PCR-based DNA amplification of three species of the genus Actinidia (A. deliciosa the kiwifruit, A. chinensis, and A. kolomikta), with the aim of screening species-specific and genotype-specific markers.Of the 80 primers tested, 30 gave an average of 3.5 bands which were monomorphic within one or two species and absent in the remaining one(s), thus resulting in useful markers for taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes. None of the primers tested produced bands linked to sex. Twenty primers out of the twenty-five selected from a preliminary screening showed high levels of polymorphism, producing two to eleven patterns each from the 13 kiwifruit cultivars examined.We found the Stoffel fragment and the Taq polymerase were both suitable for RAPD analysis, the most noticeable difference being the smaller size of fragments (0.4–1.2 kb) produced by the former in comparison to the latter (1.0–3.4 kb). We tested also three different annealing temperatures (35, 37, and 39° C) and found the intermediate one best for number of amplified bands and reproducibility of results.Abbreviations 2-BE 2-butoxyethanol - CTAB hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide - MAS Marker-Assisted-Selection - PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction - RAPD Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - RFLPs Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms  相似文献   

Initial selection steps in olive breeding programs     

Lorenzo León  Leonardo Velasco  Raúl de la Rosa 《Euphytica》2015,201(3):453-462

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PPR‐B‐31: a new maintainer allele in the male‐fertility restorer gene of radish (Raphanus sativus) Ogura cytoplasm          下载免费PDF全文

Anna Hawliczek‐Strulak  Grzegorz Bartoszewski  Renata Słomnicka  Aleksandra Korzeniewska  Régine Delourme  Iwona Bartkowiak‐Broda  Katarzyna Niemirowicz‐Szczytt 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(5):557-563

The PPR‐B gene is responsible for male‐fertility restoration of the Ogura‐type male‐sterile radish plants, and it is located in the complex Rfo locus in the vicinity of similar PPR‐A gene and PPR‐C pseudogene. The aim of this study was to identify PPR‐B alleles and understand the structure of the Rfo locus in radish breeding lines. Five lines of radish with normal male‐fertile cytoplasm were tested. The entire PPR‐B gene was amplified, sequenced and allelic PPR‐B sequences were identified. The results indicated that the maintainer lines 7, 15 and 21 contained a non‐restoring form of PPR‐B protein. A unique PPR‐B was found in lines 24/15 and 31 that are restorer and maintainer lines, respectively. The substitutions might be responsible for the loss of a restoring function of the PPR‐B‐31 allele. Amplification of the PPR‐A/PPR‐B and PPR‐B/PPR‐C intergenic regions allowed to identify rearrangements within Rfo locus. Obtained results confirm the wide allelic variation within the Rfo locus, as well as high genetic complexity of the fertility restoration mechanism in radish.  相似文献   

Effect of red grapes co-winemaking in polyphenols and color of wines   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lorenzo C  Pardo F  Zalacain A  Alonso GL  Salinas MR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(19):7609-7616

The red grapes co-winemaking effect on phenolic fraction and wine color has been studied for the first time, where Monastrell was comacerated and cofermentated with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. Changes in the relative abundance of anthocyanins were observed as well as hyperchromic shifts at 530 and 620 nm; these effects remain constant after aging. Co-winemaking also favored copigmentation, giving way to more stable anthocyanins and facilitating their polymerization. With regard to color evolution, the mixture of Monastrell with Merlot grapes was more appropriate than with Cabernet Sauvignon for aging wines in oak barrels. The extent of copigmentation was more important in young wines than in aged wines. This is mainly due to the self-anthocyanin monomer reactions in the case of young wines, whereas in aged wines copigmentation is mainly due to the reaction between the anthocyanins and other polyphenolic cofactors. Discriminant analysis showed the possibility of differentiating wines according to the aging time and the type of wine, with color parameters (color intensity, OD 620 nm, and OD 520 nm) being the most important discrimination variables in the first case and petunidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside contents in the second case.  相似文献   

Comparison between phenetic characterisation using RAPD and ISSR markers and phenotypic data of cultivated chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Luís Goulão  Teresa Valdiviesso  Carlos Santana  Cristina Moniz Oliveira 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(4):329-338

Patterns of phenotypic and phenetic variability in sixPortuguese cultivars of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) are evaluated. Morphological characterisationwas based on the quantification of seventeen traits. Varianceanalysis showed significant differences among cultivars, and cultivar× year for all the traits studied, and trees within cultivarsshowed also some significant differences for some of themorphological variables. A significant correlation was obtainedbetween length of the leaf blade and the percentage of unisexual andandrogynic inflorescence with the effective thermal index,accumulated rainfall from April to October and from July to October,or the accumulated temperature below seven during the dormant period.Principal Component and cluster analysis were performed to group thecultivars, according to their similarity coefficients. For molecularcharacterisation, 125 RAPD and 157 ISSR polymorphic markers wereamplified using 28 and 7 primers respectively. High level ofcongruence among the two marker systems (r =90.5%) was obtained from comparison of pheneticsimilarities based on the percentage of shared fragments. ISSRmarkers revealed important advantages over RAPDs, due to a higheffective multiplex ratio (12.5 for ISSR compared with 2.2 forRAPD analysis) and reproducibility. Although morphological andmolecular results are comparable, slight differences are showed incluster analysis UPGMA dendrograms. Molecular analysis explainedhomonym situations among 'Martainha' and'Longal' cultivars in Portugal.  相似文献   

Variability of wild olives (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) analyzed by agro-morphological traits and SSR markers     

Angjelina Belaj  Lorenzo León  Zlatko Satovic  Raúl de la Rosa 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

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Recent advances in the epidemiology,diagnosis and control of diseases caused by porcine circovirus type 2     

Llorenç Grau-Roma  Lorenzo Fraile  Joaquim Segalés 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,187(1):23-32

Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) emerged as a significant disease affecting pig production in the 1990s although the causal agent, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and the disease itself, had existed in swine for many years prior to this. The important multifactorial ‘triggers’ of PMWS include the immune and infection status of the sow, the timing of PCV2 infection, variations in the virulence of PCV2, co-infections, immune modulation as well as host genetics and management factors. In terms of diagnosis, histopathological examination and the detection of PCV2 within lymphoid tissue remains the ‘gold standard’ as quantitative PCR techniques are currently not specific or sensitive enough. The recent commercial availability of PCV2 vaccines provides an excellent tool for reducing the impact of PMWS and other porcine circovirus-related diseases. This review assesses recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of PMWS.  相似文献   

Influence of season on the hematological and serum biochemical values of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) housed in a controlled environment in northern Italy     

Macchi E  Pezzoli L  Ponzio P 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(3):480-484

Season appears to influence the physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). From 2000 to 2005, blood parameters of three captive bottlenose dolphins housed in northern Italy were examined to determine if seasonal variation was present. Seasonal variation was observed in the male dolphins, with both males exhibiting aminotransferase levels that were higher in autumn and lower in winter. Mean serum creatinine levels were higher during summer and lower during autumn in the adult male, and mean lactate dehydrogenase higher during summer and lower during spring in the juvenile male. Both males exhibited red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels that were higher during autumn and lower during summer. This study contributes to the knowledge of baseline hematologic and biochemical values based on seasonality in bottlenose dolphins.  相似文献   

A semi-empirical model to assess uncertainty of spatial patterns of erosion   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Olga Vigiak  Geert Sterk  Renata J. Romanowicz  Keith J. Beven 《CATENA》2006,66(3):198-210

Distributed erosion models are potentially good tools for locating soil sediment sources and guiding efficient Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) planning, but the uncertainty of model predictions may be high. In this study, the distribution of erosion within a catchment was predicted with a semi-empirical erosion model that combined a semi-distributed hydrological model with the Morgan, Morgan and Finney (MMF) empirical erosion model. The model was tested in a small catchment of the West Usambara Mountains (Kwalei catchment, Tanzania). Soil detachability rates measured in splash cups (0.48–1.16 g J^− 1) were close to model simulations (0.30–0.35 g J^− 1). Net erosion rates measured in Gerlach troughs (0.01–1.05 kg m^− 2 per event) were used to calibrate the sediment transport capacity of overland flow. Uncertainties of model simulations due to parameterisation of overland flow sediment transport capacity were assessed with the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methodology. The quality of the spatial predictions was assessed by comparing the simulated erosion pattern with the field-observed erosion pattern, measuring the agreement with the weighted Kappa coefficient of the contingency table. Behavioural parameter sets (weighted Kappa > 0.50) were those with short reinfiltration length (< 1.5 m) and ratio of overland flow power α to local topography power γ close to 0.5. In the dynamic Hortonian hydrologic regime and the dissected terrain of Kwalei catchment, topography controlled the distribution of erosion more than overland flow. Simulated erosion rates varied from − 4 to + 2 kg m^− 2 per season. The model simulated correctly around 75% of erosion pattern. The uncertainty of model predictions due to sediment transport capacity was high; around 10% of the fields were attributed to either slight or severe erosion. The difficult characterisation of catchment-scale effective sediment transport capacity parameters poses a major limit to distributed erosion modelling predicting capabilities.  相似文献