Epidermolysis bullosa in German black headed mutton sheep     

Kerkmann A  Ganter M  Frase R  Ostmeier M  Hewicker-Trautwein M  Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2010,123(9-10):413-421

In three flocks, 13 pure- and 1 crossbred German black headed mutton lambs were ascertained which had clinical signs of epidermolysis bullosa (EB). The three farmers reported of further 20 affected lambs with similar signs in their flocks in the past lambing seasons. The affected lambs were progeny of six rams and 17 ewes. Two rams and six ewes with affected offspring from two farms were used for a breeding trial. In the course of these experimental matings, 21 lambs were born, six of which were affected by EB. All lambs born in this trial underwent clinical and haematological examination and all the affected lambs had to be euthanised due to severe and progressing clinical symptoms. Clinical examinations in 20 affected lambs revealed shedding of claw horn, erosions and ulcers of skin and mucous membranes. Histopathology showed subepidermal splitting and blistering with intact basal keratinocytes. These findings together with the premature death of affected lambs within the first two months of life made a Herlitz type of junctional EB most likely. The results of the test matings demonstrated the genetic transmission and indicated an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance for this lethal condition.  相似文献   

First report of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Q biotype) species in Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

Leonardo da Fonseca Barbosa  Valdir Atsushi Yuki  Julio Massaharu Marubayashi  Bruno Rossitto De Marchi  Fernando Luis Perini  Marcelo Agenor Pavan  Danielle Ribeiro de Barros  Murad Ghanim  Enrique Moriones  Jesus Navas‐Castillo  Renate Krause‐Sakate 《Pest management science》2015,71(4):501-504

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Determination and confirmation of melamine residues in catfish, trout, tilapia, salmon, and shrimp by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry     

Andersen WC  Turnipseed SB  Karbiwnyk CM  Clark SB  Madson MR  Gieseker CM  Miller RA  Rummel NG  Reimschuessel R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(12):4340-4347

Pet and food animal (hogs, chicken, and fish) feeds were recently found to be contaminated with melamine (MEL). A quantitative and confirmatory method is presented to determine MEL residues in edible tissues from fish fed this contaminant. Edible tissues were extracted with acidic acetonitrile, defatted with dichloromethane, and cleaned up using mixed-mode cation exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with hydrophilic interaction chromatography and electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Fish and shrimp tissues were fortified with 10-500 microg/kg (ppb) of MEL with an average recovery of 63.8% (21.5% relative standard deviation, n = 121). Incurred fish tissues were generated by feeding fish up to 400 mg/kg of MEL or a combination of MEL and the related triazine cyanuric acid (CYA). MEL and CYA are known to form an insoluble complex in the kidneys, which may lead to renal failure. Fifty-five treated catfish, trout, tilapia, and salmon were analyzed after withdrawal times of 1-14 days. MEL residues were found in edible tissues from all of the fish with concentrations ranging from 0.011 to 210 mg/kg (ppm). Incurred shrimp and a survey of market seafood products were also analyzed as part of this study.  相似文献   

Diversity and abundance of earthworms across an agricultural land-use intensity gradient     

Richard G. Smith  Claire P. McSwiney  A. Stuart Grandy  Pongthep Suwanwaree  Renate M. Snider  G. Philip Robertson 《Soil & Tillage Research》2008,100(1-2):83-88

Understanding how communities of important soil invertebrates vary with land use may lead to the development of more sustainable land-use strategies. We assessed the abundance and species composition of earthworm communities across six replicated long-term experimental ecosystems that span a gradient in agricultural land-use intensity. The experimental systems include a conventional row-crop agricultural system, two lower-intensity row-crop systems (no-till and tilled organic input), an early successional old-field system, a 40–60 years old coniferous forest plantation, and an old-growth deciduous forest system. Earthworm populations varied among systems; they were lowest in the most intensively managed row-crop system (107 m⁻²) and coniferous forest (160 m⁻²); intermediate in the old-field (273 m⁻²), no-till (328 m⁻²) and tilled organic (344 m⁻²) cropping systems; and highest in the old-growth deciduous forest system (701 m⁻²). Juvenile Aporrectodea species were the most common earthworms encountered in intensively managed systems; other species made up a larger proportion of the community in less intensively managed systems. Earthworm community biomass and species richness also varied and were lowest in the conventional row-crop system and greatest in the old-growth forest system. These results suggest that both land-use intensity and land-use type are strong drivers of the abundance and composition of earthworm communities in agricultural ecosystems.  相似文献   

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana transformed with rol genes exhibits improved postharvest performance and increased ethylene tolerance     

Brian Christensen  Renate Müller 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(3):399-406

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana transformed with rol genes, termed root-inducing (Ri) lines, which had been produced through transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes wild-type strain ATCC15834, were tested for their postharvest performance. Flower longevity, ethylene sensitivity and display quality varied among control and chemical growth retarded plants and the Ri lines. Both chemical growth retardation and transformation with rol genes reduced the number of flowers in comparison to control plants. Detached single flowers of the two Ri lines tested, Ri line 306 and 331, had a longevity, defined as the stage where the flowers were 70% open, of 32 and 34 d, respectively, whereas chemical growth retarded and control plants had a longevity of 28 and 26 d, respectively. Ri line 331 had the significantly longest display life of 34 d to reach the stage of losing the ornamental value of the whole plant, defined as 10% wilted flowers. The corresponding display life of control and chemical retarded plants and plants of Ri line 306 was 25 d. The opening of the flowers was more synchronous in the Ri lines than control plants. Exposed to ethylene, the flowers of the Ri lines exhibited reduced responsiveness whereas chemical growth retarded and control plants were sensitive. Possible mechanisms behind the improved postharvest performance of plants transformed with rol genes are discussed.  相似文献   

Development of a fast screening and confirmatory method by liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for glucuronide-conjugated methyltestosterone metabolite in tilapia     

Amarasinghe K  Chu PS  Evans E  Reimschuessel R  Hasbrouck N  Jayasuriya H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(20):5084-5088

This paper describes the development of a fast method to screen and confirm methyltestosterone 17-O-glucuronide (MT-glu) in tilapia bile. The method consists of solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The system used was an Agilent 6530 Q-TOF with an Agilent Jet stream electrospray ionization interface. The glucuronide detected in the bile was characterized as MT-glu by comparison with a chemically synthesized standard. MT-glu was detected in bile for up to 7 days after dosing. Semiquantification was done with matrix-matched calibration curves, because MT-glu showed signal suppression due to matrix effects. This method provides a suitable tool to monitor the illegal use of methyltestosterone in tilapia culture.  相似文献   

Familial occurrence of diprosopus in German Holstein calves     

Schulze U  Kuiper H  Doeleke R  Ulrich R  Gerdwilker A  Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,119(5-6):251-257

Diprosopus was diagnosed in six German Holstein calves born on different dairy farms. The degree of facial duplication varied from a partial doubling of the nostrils and upper jaw to complete duplication of the face with formation of two mouths, four eyes and four ears. Further calves descending from the same parents or dams and calves from the same farms were not affected. A joint pedigree was ascertained for the calves with diprosopus. Furthermore, a previously reported case of diprosopus could be traced back to the same ancestors of this pedigree. Consequently, we detected the first time a familial accumulation of diprosopus. Since the ancestors showed no signs of diprosopus and the frequency of diprosopus in German Holsteins is presumably low, an oligogenic inheritance is likely. Recessive genes or a combination of recessive and dominant genes may cause this anomaly.  相似文献   

In vitro degradation of equine keratin by dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi     

Apprich V  Spergser J  Rosengarten R  Stanek C 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,114(3-4):352-358

Keratinolytic properties of two dermatophytes (Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes) and three moulds (Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Alternaria alternata, Geotrichum candidum) isolated from diseased equine hooves were examined to improve the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms leading to equine onychomycosis. Equine hoof horn material and skin, as well as hoof keratin and dermal keratin extracted from corresponding tissues, were used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources in five test tubes for each fungus. Within 18 days, supernatants of all tubes were repeatedly examined for keratinolytic activity by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. In addition, fungal growth rates were determined to identify the preferred tissue of the individual fungi. Among the fungi examined, M. gypseum was the most keratinolytic species, followed by T. mentagrophytes and S. brevicaulis. In the concentration applied, the moulds A. alternata and G. candidum showed minimal keratinolytic activity. With respect to growth rates, M. gypseum favoured hoof horn material, S. brevicaulis and G. candidum preferred skin as a keratin source, whereas for the other two fungi no clear preference was detectable.  相似文献   

Epidemiologic cutoff values for antimicrobial agents against Aeromonas salmonicida isolates determined by frequency distributions of minimal inhibitory concentration and diameter of zone of inhibition data     

Miller RA  Reimschuessel R 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(11):1837-1843

OBJECTIVE: To develop epidemiologic cutoff values by use of frequency distributions for susceptibility to 4 antimicrobial agents when tested against a representative population of a major aquaculture pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida. SAMPLE POPULATION: 217 typical and atypical A salmonicida isolates obtained from 20 states and 12 countries. PROCEDURES: Species identification of A salmonicida isolates was confirmed by detection of specific nucleotide sequences by use of a PCR assay. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and diameter of the zone of inhibition for oxytetracycline, ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine, oxolinic acid, and florfenicol were determined for each isolate in accordance with standardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods that have been approved by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for bacterial isolates from aquatic animals. Susceptibility data were tabulated in a scattergram and analyzed by use of error rate bounding. RESULTS: Susceptibility tests for oxytetracycline, ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine, and oxolinic acid revealed 2 distinct populations of bacteria. Isolates tested against florfenicol clustered into a single population. Oxolinic acid susceptibility data revealed higher MICs in the non-United States A salmonicida isolates. Slow-growing (atypical) A salmonicida isolates were generally more susceptible than typical isolates for all antimicrobials, except oxolinic acid. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of frequency distributions of susceptibility results to develop epidemiologic cutoff values appears to be applicable to aquatic isolates. Frequency distributions of susceptibility results for A salmonicida revealed clear divisions between isolate susceptibilities. This type of data, considered in conjunction with pharmacokinetic and efficacy data, may be useful for developing clinical breakpoints for use in aquaculture.  相似文献   

Angle between the patellar ligament and tibial plateau in dogs with partial rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament     

Schwandt CS  Bohorquez-Vanelli A  Tepic S  Hassig M  Dennler R  Vezzoni A  Montavon PM 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(11):1855-1860

OBJECTIVE: To measure the angles between the patellar ligament and the tibial plateau and between the patellar ligament and the common tangent at the tibiofemoral contact point (TFCP) in stifle joints of dogs with partial rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) for comparison with data obtained for stifle joints in dogs with intact CrCLs. SAMPLE POPULATION: 60 stifle joints of 54 dogs with surgically confirmed partial CrCL rupture. PROCEDURES: Mediolateral radiographic views of the stifle joints were obtained, and the angles between the patellar ligament and the conventionally defined tibial plateau (angle gamma) and between the patellar ligament and the common tangent to the TFCP (angle alpha) were measured at incidental stifle joint flexion (angle beta) by 2 independent observers. Data underwent linear regression analysis and were compared with findings in joints of dogs without degenerative joint disease. RESULTS: In stifle joints of dogs with a partial rupture of the CrCL, angles gamma and alpha were 5 degrees and 2 degrees larger than each corresponding angle in healthy canine joints. At 100 degrees of flexion, the patellar ligament was perpendicular to the conventionally defined tibial plateau. At 110 degrees of flexion, the patellar ligament was perpendicular to the common tangent at the TFCP. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs, stifle joints with partially ruptured CrCLs have marginally larger angles between the patellar ligament and the tibial plateau, compared with joints with intact CrCLs; at equivalent angles of flexion, comparatively greater shear force affects the CrCLs in stifle joints with partial CrCL ruptures.  相似文献