Oxytetracycline pharmacokinetics in rainbow trout during and after an orally administered medicated feed regimen     

Miller RA  Pelsor FR  Kane AS  Reimschuessel R 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2012,24(2):121-128

The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic predictor of antimicrobial activity for tetracyclines is reported to be the area under the concentration-time curve at steady state (AUC(ss)) divided by the minimal inhibitory concentration of the targeted pathogen. Here, we estimate AUC(ss) values for oxytetracycline (OTC) in serum of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss by using a destructive sampling study design. Seventy-two rainbow trout were fed OTC-medicated feed at 74.7 +/- 1.5 mg/kg (mean +/- SD) body weight (BW) by oral gavage for 10 consecutive days. Serum was collected from nine fish at 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, and 22 d after dosing began. Serum OTC concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with a 0.01-microg/mL limit of detection. The average OTC AUC(ss) was 29.2 microg x h/mL and was estimated using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling and bootstrap resampling techniques. The elimination half-life was estimated as 85.0 h, and the fraction of steady state achieved was estimated as 0.85. The calculated AUC(ss) (24.8 microg x h/mL) following 10 d of oral dosing with 75 mg OTC/kg BW was less than the estimated AUC(ss). Results suggest that the pharmacokinetics of OTC exposure, including the AUC(ss), is better evaluated by using multiday dosimetry than by using a standard single-dose protocol.  相似文献   

Use of near‐ and mid‐infrared spectroscopy to distinguish carbon and nitrogen originating from char and forest‐floor material in soils     

Kerstin Michel  Thomas Terhoeven‐Urselmans  Renate Nitschke  Phillip Steffan  Bernard Ludwig 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2009,172(1):63-70

The presence of relatively inert organic materials such as char has to be considered in calibrations of soil C models or when calculating C‐turnover times in soils. Rapid and cheap spectroscopic techniques such as near‐infrared (NIRS) or mid‐infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) may be useful for the determination of the contents of char‐derived C in soils. To test the suitability of both spectroscopic techniques for this purpose, artificial mixtures of C‐free soil, char (lignite, anthracite, charcoal, or a mixture of the three coals) and forest‐floor Oa material were produced. The total C content of these mixtures (432 samples) ranged from 0.5% to 6% with a proportion of char‐derived C amounting to 0%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 80%. All samples were scanned in the visible and near‐IR region (400–2500 nm). Cross‐validation equations for total C and N, C and N derived from char (C_char, N_char) and Oa material were developed using the whole spectrum (first and second derivative) and a modified partial least‐square regression method. Thirty‐six samples were additionally scanned in the middle‐IR and parts of the near‐IR region (7000–400 cm^–1 which is 1430–25,000 nm) in the diffuse‐reflectance mode. All properties investigated were successfully predicted by NIRS as reflected by RSC values (ratio of standard deviation of the laboratory results to standard error of cross‐validation) > 4.3 and modeling efficiencies (EF) ≥ 0.98. Near‐infrared spectroscopy was also able to differentiate between the different coals. This was probably due to structural differences as suggested by wavelength assignment. Mid‐IR spectroscopy in the diffuse‐reflectance mode was also capable to successfully predict the parameters investigated. The EF values were > 0.9 for all constituents. Our results indicated that both spectroscopic techniques applied, NIRS and MIRS, are able to predict C and N derived from different sources in soil, if closed populations are considered.  相似文献   

Survival of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">flaccumfaciens</Emphasis> in the soil under Brazilian conditions     

Ricardo M. Gonçalves  José M. Soman  Renate Krause-Sakate  José R. S. Passos  Tadeu A. F. Silva Júnior  Antonio C. Maringoni 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(1):213-222

Mustard clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a serious disease that affects Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen, a mustard plant that is the raw material for a traditional fermented food manufactured in the Chongqing Municipality, People’s Republic of China. To find antagonistic bacteria for P. brassicae, 124 bacteria were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of B. juncea var. tumida grown in Fuling, Chongqing. Isolates were preliminarily chosen by evaluating the inhibition rate of the P. brassicae resting spore germination. The biocontrol effects of three antagonistic bacteria against clubroot on B. juncea var. tumida were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. B18 showed the highest control efficiency, at 63.4% in the greenhouse test. In a field trial, B18 was also effective in controlling clubroot, but only at a 49.7% efficiency rate. According to 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain B18 had a 100% sequence similarity with type strain Zhihengliuella aestuarii DY66^T (EU939716). Based on morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics, the DNA G + C content, polar lipids, fatty acids, cell wall analysis, as well as DNA–DNA hybridization, strain B18 was identified as Z. aestuarii B18. Thus, the isolate B18 might have a potential biocontrol application for clubroot. We report for the first time that Z. aestuarii B18 can control clubroot.  相似文献   

Pre‐crop effects of alfalfa management systems on inorganic soil nitrogen and cereals in organic farming under pannonian site conditions     

Renate de Kruijff  Gabriele Pietsch  Bernhard Freyer  Jürgen K. Friedel 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2008,171(4):576-579

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IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—THE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF A GIANT CELL TUMOR AFFECTING THE MANDIBLE IN A PYGMY GOAT          下载免费PDF全文

Jonathon Dixon  Renate Weller  Sonja Jeckel  Roy Pool  Alex Mcsloy 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(5):E51-E53

A 3‐year‐old male neutered pygmy goat presented for evaluation of a progressive mandibular swelling and inappetence. A computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head and thorax was performed under general anesthesia. Computed tomography revealed an extensive multiloculated, markedly expansile lesion within the right hemimandible, which involved the articular surface of the temporomandibular joint. The goat was euthanased due to a poor prognosis and postmortem examination confirmed the diagnostic imaging findings. Histopathology was strongly suggestive of a multinucleated giant cell tumor, therefore this condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis in goats presenting with expansile mandibular mass lesions.  相似文献   

Computed tomographic dimensions of the normal adult equine eye     

Anna R. Hollis  Jonathon J. Dixon  Davide Berlato  Rachel Murray  Renate Weller 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2019,22(5):651-659

There are limited data on whether the dimensions of the equine eye and its internal structures change with bodyweight in horses. The aim of this study was to identify whether the size of the equine eye and its individual structures varied in a predictable manner with bodyweight, and to examine the reliability of computed tomography (CT) scans in the measurement of the equine eye. Ninety horses which had undergone CT examination of the head for non‐ocular disease were included. All measurements of the eye were performed twice on all eyes by the same operator to quantify intra‐operator agreement, and in 10 cases were also performed by a second operator to quantify inter‐operator agreement. Agreement was excellent for all but the rostrocaudal measurement of the anterior chamber, which was fair. The following variables correlated significantly with bodyweight: anterior‐posterior size of the globe (correlation coefficient: 0.586) and posterior segment (correlation coefficient: 0.554); the latero‐medial size of the globe (correlation coefficient: 0.452), anterior chamber (correlation coefficient: 0.504) and posterior segment (correlation coefficient: 0.455); and the orbital fossa diameter (correlation coefficient: 0.219). The lens size and anterior‐posterior distance of the anterior chamber did not correlate significantly with bodyweight. These results suggest that overall eye size and the size of the orbital fossa change with the bodyweight of the horse, but lens size remains consistent, and that CT measurements of the internal structures of the eye are repeatable and reproducible. This information aids in interventional procedures for ocular pathology and assessment of normal anatomy.  相似文献   

Carriage of meticillin‐resistant staphylococci between humans and animals on a small farm          下载免费PDF全文

Andrea Klang  Regina Wagner  Theresia Licka  Tom Grunert  Andrea T. Feßler  Dorothe Geier‐Dömling  Renate Rosengarten  Elke Müller  Annett Reissig  Stefan Monecke 《Veterinary dermatology》2016,27(3):191-e48

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Variation in foot conformation in lame horses with different foot lesions     

Kate Holroyd  Jonathon J. Dixon  Tim Mair  Nick Bolas  David M. Bolt  Frederic David  Renate Weller 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(3):361-365

Foot conformation in the horse is commonly thought to be associated with lameness but scientific evidence is scarce although it has been shown in biomechanical studies that foot conformation does influence the forces acting on the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and the navicular bone (NB). The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between foot conformation and different types of lesion within the foot in lame horses. It was hypothesised that certain conformation parameters differ significantly between different types of foot lesions. Conformation parameters were measured on magnetic resonance images in the mid-sagittal plane of 179 lame horses with lesions of their deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), navicular bone (NB), collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joints and other structures.Conformation parameters differed significantly between lesion groups. A larger sole angle was associated with combined DDFT and NB lesions, but not with NB lesions alone. A more acute angle of the DDFT round the NB was associated with DDFT and NB lesions, and a lower heel height index with DDFT injury. The larger the sole angle the smaller the likelihood of a DDFT or NB lesion with odds ratios of 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. This study shows an association between foot conformation and lesions but it does not allow the identification of conformation as causative factor since foot conformation may change as a consequence of lameness. Future studies will investigate foot-surface interaction in lame vs. sound horses, which may open a preventative and/or therapeutic window in foot lame horses.  相似文献   

Poststorage quality and rooting ability of Epipremnum pinnatum cuttings after treatment with ethylene action inhibitors     

Renate Müller  Margrethe Serek  E. C. Sisler  A. Skytt Andersen 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):445-452

Summary

The influence of the ethylene action inhibitors STS and 1-MCP on poststorage performance and subsequent rooting of cuttings was investigated in Epipremnum pinnatum. Unfavourable storage conditions resulted in decreasing poststorage quality of single-eye cuttings, expressed as leaf drop and yellowing. 1-MCP and STS prohibited leaf drop and yellowing in E. pinnatum. STS pretreatment decreased rooting ability significantly, measured as percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots, total root length and dry weight. STS caused severe injuries to the cuttings, which were worse if the cuttings were stored rather than propagated immediately. There was no significant difference in rooting between 1-MCP treated cuttings and untreated control in either stored or unstored cuttings. The influence of ethylene action inhibitors on rooting and a possible use of 1-MCP for practical use to increase poststorage performance in cuttings are discussed.  相似文献   

Interspecific hybridization among cultivars of hardy Hibiscus species section Muenchhusia     

Katarzyna Kuligowska  Henrik Lütken  Brian Christensen  Renate Müller 《Breeding Science》2016,66(2):300-308

Rose mallows belong to the Muenchhusia section of the Hibiscus genus. They represent a small group of cold tolerant North American plants and are popular ornamentals mainly because of their abundant, large and colorful flowers. Due to their geographical origin they are well suited for garden use in temperate regions worldwide. The aim of the study was to investigate hybridization barriers in crosses among cultivars of Hibiscus species from the Muenchhusia section: H. coccineus, H. laevis and H. moscheutos. Crossing barriers were identified as both pre- and post-zygotic. The analysis of pollen tube growth revealed inhibition of pollen tubes and their abnormal growth. In specific crosses the fertilization success was low. The pre-fertilization barriers did not cause a complete reproductive isolation between the hybridization partners. In relation to post-fertilization barriers, the occurrence of hybrid incompatibilities such as unviability, chlorosis, necrosis, stunted growth and albinism were the main drawback in production of hybrids. The appearance of symptoms of hybrid incompatibilities was dependent upon specific parental plants. The obtained progeny had intermediate leaf morphology and flower morphology compared to parental plants. Hybridity state was verified by morphological analysis and RAPD markers. Based on the overall plant morphology, 472 hybrid progenies were obtained.  相似文献