?Agri-Black?? ?C Einsatz einer photoselektiven Mulchfolie im ?kologischen Erdbeeranbau     

Helene Weissinger  Andreas Spornberger  Renate Brunmayer  Karoline Jezik 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2011,53(2):69-76

The use of mulch films is gaining importance in strawberry production. In this paper, the photoselective PE-mulch film ??Agri-Black?? is compared with a common PE-film and with the traditional method ??open soil?+?straw mulch at blossom??. ??Agri-Black?? is produced with a blend of alternative colour pigments instead of carbon black and with a high amount of UV-absorbers which may lead to an altered germination behaviour of weeds and to an earlier harvest due to higher soil temperature. The effects on the growth of weeds through the planting holes of the films, long-term herbicide effects after removing the films, and the effects on yield and fruit quality of the strawberries were analysed. Weed growth through the planting holes was reduced by trend by ??Agri-Black?? in comparison to the common PE-film, but not significantly. Six weeks after removing the films, the total amount of weeds was significantly lower in parcels with ??Agri-Black?? than in parcels with the common PE-film. Regarding single species, no significant differences between the films were determined. Long lasting rainfalls before harvest, in combination with flat beds, did result in heavy plant damages in both film variants and thus in much lower yield than in the control variant ??open soil?+?straw mulch at blossom??. In the control variant, there were significantly more fruits damaged by slugs, compared to both film variants.  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Austrian companion animals and horses     

Igor Loncaric  Frank Künzel  Theresia Licka  Hubert Simhofer  Joachim Spergser  Renate Rosengarten 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):381-387

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance, resistance gene patterns and genetic relatedness of a collection of Austrian methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from companion animals and horses.A total of 89 non-repetitive MRSA isolates collected during routine veterinary microbiological examinations from April 2004 to the end of 2012, and one isolate from 2013 were used for this study. The presence of mecA and other resistance genes was confirmed by PCR. Isolates were genotyped by spa typing, two multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analyses (MLVA) analyses, SCCmec typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PCR targeting Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) was performed using PCR assays. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed.Five sequence types (STs—ST398, ST254, ST22, ST5 and ST1), SCCmec types II, IVa, V, and non-type-abele, 8 spa-types (t003, t011, t036, t127, t386, t1348, and t4450), and two isolates could not be assigned, 21 MLVA-14Orsay types Multiplex-PCR MLVA (mMLVA) displayed 17 different MLVA types.The present study is the most comprehensive dealing with MRSA from Austrian companion animals and horses. The results confirm that MRSA ST398 is present in a wide range of animal species and is predominant especially in horses. In other companion animals it is unclear whether the infections with the different MRSA isolates investigated in the present study truly represents a rare phenomenon or may be an emerging problem in companion animals.  相似文献   

Poststorage quality and rooting ability of Epipremnum pinnatum cuttings after treatment with ethylene action inhibitors     

Renate Müller  Margrethe Serek  E. C. Sisler  A. Skytt Andersen 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):445-452

Summary

The influence of the ethylene action inhibitors STS and 1-MCP on poststorage performance and subsequent rooting of cuttings was investigated in Epipremnum pinnatum. Unfavourable storage conditions resulted in decreasing poststorage quality of single-eye cuttings, expressed as leaf drop and yellowing. 1-MCP and STS prohibited leaf drop and yellowing in E. pinnatum. STS pretreatment decreased rooting ability significantly, measured as percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots, total root length and dry weight. STS caused severe injuries to the cuttings, which were worse if the cuttings were stored rather than propagated immediately. There was no significant difference in rooting between 1-MCP treated cuttings and untreated control in either stored or unstored cuttings. The influence of ethylene action inhibitors on rooting and a possible use of 1-MCP for practical use to increase poststorage performance in cuttings are discussed.  相似文献   

Adding Zooplankton to the OSMAC Toolkit: Effect of Grazing Stress on the Metabolic Profile and Bioactivity of a Diatom     

Renate Dving Osvik  Richard Andre Ingebrigtsen  Maria Fredrika Norrbin  Jeanette Hammer Andersen  Hans Christian Eilertsen  Espen Holst Hansen 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)

“One strain many compounds” (OSMAC) based approaches have been widely used in the search for bioactive compounds. Introducing stress factors like nutrient limitation, UV-light or cocultivation with competing organisms has successfully been used in prokaryote cultivation. It is known that diatom physiology is affected by changed cultivation conditions such as temperature, nutrient concentration and light conditions. Cocultivation, though, is less explored. Hence, we wanted to investigate whether grazing pressure can affect the metabolome of the marine diatom Porosira glacialis, and if the stress reaction could be detected as changes in bioactivity. P. glacialis cultures were mass cultivated in large volume bioreactor (6000 L), first as a monoculture and then as a coculture with live zooplankton. Extracts of the diatom biomass were screened in a selection of bioactivity assays: inhibition of biofilm formation, antibacterial and cell viability assay on human cells. Bioactivity was found in all bioassays performed. The viability assay towards normal lung fibroblasts revealed that P. glacialis had higher bioactivity when cocultivated with zooplankton than in monoculture. Cocultivation with diatoms had no noticeable effect on the activity against biofilm formation or bacterial growth. The metabolic profiles were analyzed showing the differences in diatom metabolomes between the two culture conditions. The experiment demonstrates that grazing stress affects the biochemistry of P. glacialis and thus represents a potential tool in the OSMAC toolkit.  相似文献   

Variation in foot conformation in lame horses with different foot lesions     

Kate Holroyd  Jonathon J. Dixon  Tim Mair  Nick Bolas  David M. Bolt  Frederic David  Renate Weller 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(3):361-365

Foot conformation in the horse is commonly thought to be associated with lameness but scientific evidence is scarce although it has been shown in biomechanical studies that foot conformation does influence the forces acting on the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and the navicular bone (NB). The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between foot conformation and different types of lesion within the foot in lame horses. It was hypothesised that certain conformation parameters differ significantly between different types of foot lesions. Conformation parameters were measured on magnetic resonance images in the mid-sagittal plane of 179 lame horses with lesions of their deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), navicular bone (NB), collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joints and other structures.Conformation parameters differed significantly between lesion groups. A larger sole angle was associated with combined DDFT and NB lesions, but not with NB lesions alone. A more acute angle of the DDFT round the NB was associated with DDFT and NB lesions, and a lower heel height index with DDFT injury. The larger the sole angle the smaller the likelihood of a DDFT or NB lesion with odds ratios of 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. This study shows an association between foot conformation and lesions but it does not allow the identification of conformation as causative factor since foot conformation may change as a consequence of lameness. Future studies will investigate foot-surface interaction in lame vs. sound horses, which may open a preventative and/or therapeutic window in foot lame horses.  相似文献   

Helminth infection in cattle from Schleswig-Holstein (Germany) after one grazing season     

Rehbein S  Visser M  Winter R 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(1-2):41-44

Fifteen Holstein-Friesian bulls which grazed together for one season (April to November) in Schleswig-Holstein were necropsied after housing for 2 to 6 weeks. The approximately 12-month old bulls weighed 378 to 491 kg at slaughter and did not receive any anthelmintic on pasture. The most prevalent species of the gastrointestinal tract was Ostertagia ostertagi (prevalence; geometric mean worm count; minimum-maximum) (100%; 1,355; 130-4,590) followed by Cooperia (C.) oncophora (86.7%; 343; 20-14,800), Oesophagostomum (Oe.) radiatum (86.7%; 3.7; 1-42), Trichostrongylus axei (80%; 65; 50-910), C. punctata (73.3%; 14.8; 10-140), Trichuris (T.) discolor (73.3%; 4.8; 1-108) and Skrjabinagia lyrata (60%; 8.5; 18-260) which were recorded in more than half of the animals. Less frequently, C. surnabada (46.7%; 18; 10-4025), T. skrjabini (33.3%; 0.7; 2-14), Nematodirus helvetianus (13.3%; 0.5; 20-30), Spiculopteragia b?hmi (6.7%; 0.2; [26]), Capillaria bovis (6.7%; 0.2; [10]) and Oe. venulosum (6.7%; 0.2; [9]) were recovered. Inhibited fourth-stage larvae of the Ostertagiinae were recovered from the abomasal mucosae of all bulls (100%; 13,159; 5,800-56,950). The abomasum harboured the highest worm burden followed by the small intestine and large intestine (geometric means): 15,565, 461 and 10 nematodes, respectively. Inhibited fourth-stage larvae amounted to 90% of the abomasal Ostertagiinae. Dictyocaulus viviparus was recorded in 73.3% of the animals with a geometric mean count of 12.8 (1-822 per animal).  相似文献   

PCR-based genetic evidence for occurrence of Helicobacter pylori and novel Helicobacter species in the canine gastric mucosa     

Buczolits S  Hirt R  Rosengarten R  Busse HJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,95(4):259-270

The canine gastric mucosa is known to be a habitat for various Helicobacter species. So far, five Helicobacter species have been described from the canine gastric mucosa, but histological studies have demonstrated a greater variety. In order to gain more information on diversity of canine gastric mucosa colonising helicobacters, biopsy samples of four pet dogs were examined by DNA-based techniques. PCR with a primer pair binding specifically to the 16S rDNA of the species of the genus Helicobacter and generating a fragment of approximately 400 bp indicated the presence of Helicobacter strains in the stomachs of the four dogs. PCR products were cloned into Escherichia coli DH10B and PCR-re-amplified 16S rDNA fragments were subjected to amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) employing restriction enzyme HhaI. Restriction profiles indicated the presence of at least two different Helicobacter species in two dogs. Partial sequences of 16S rDNA of six clones were compared with sequences available in the EMBL data bank. Two sequences obtained from different dogs were identical with the corresponding sequences of Helicobacter pylori strains. Three sequences showed highest but moderate similarity values to H. pylori (96.6-98.0%) and one sequence to Helicobacter salomonis (97.3%). In contrast to previous reports our data implicate that the gastric mucosa of dogs may be colonised by strains of H. pylori or a very closely related species but they also confirm indications for the presence of so far uncultivated species of Helicobacter.  相似文献   

Gene expression signatures in neutrophils exposed to glucocorticoids: a new paradigm to help explain "neutrophil dysfunction" in parturient dairy cows   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Burton JL  Madsen SA  Chang LC  Weber PS  Buckham KR  van Dorp R  Hickey MC  Earley B 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,105(3-4):197-219

Neutrophils are the first line of immunity against most pathogens that infect cattle. These normally short-lived white blood cells develop from myeloid-lineage cells in bone marrow. Upon maturation, bone marrow neutrophils are released into the circulation where they marginate on inflamed blood vessel endothelial cells and migrate through them into the area of infection. Once migrated, neutrophils do not reenter the circulation, but rather, perform their bactericidal functions and die by apoptosis in the tissue. The cytokine and hormonal milieu of the blood and extracellular tissue fluid can influence neutrophil development and immunity-related activities, but the molecular basis of these phenotypic changes and physiological benefits or drawbacks of them are poorly understood. In the current paper, we review new gene expression information that resulted from two of our functional genomics studies designed to evaluate effects of glucocorticoid hormones on bovine neutrophils. This work provides one model to describe complex changes that occur in neutrophils as the cells respond to glucocorticoids, which might act to alter the cells' functional priorities and tip the delicate balance between health and disease during stress, including at parturition. A bovine immunobiology microarray and real time RT-PCR were used to study blood neutrophils collected during the natural surge of endogenous glucocorticoid (cortisol) in parturient dairy cows and bone marrow neutrophils collected from glucocorticoid (dexamethasone)-treated dairy steers. The gene expression signatures we observed led us to perform additional phenotyping of the neutrophils and correlation analyses, which together painted a picture suggesting that glucocorticoids have key roles in modulating neutrophil development, life span, and tissue defense functions during parturition and hormone therapy. Based on these observations, we postulate that glucocorticoids orchestrate adaptive changes in the entire neutrophil system that support increased cell numbers and longevity in blood and heightened remodeling activity in tissues, while at the same time decreasing some important antimicrobial defense activities of the cells. Thus, our functional genomics studies have enabled us to elucidate multiple consequences of neutrophil exposure to glucocorticoids, highlighting a probable role for this interaction in the induction of parturition and partly explaining why some parturient dairy cows may experience heightened incidence and severity of inflammatory diseases like mastitis.  相似文献   

Molecular basis of Mycoplasma agalactiae pathogenicity     

Jechlinger W  Chopra-Dewasthaly R  Glew M  Citti C  Rosengarten R 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,117(11-12):472-479

Compared to other bacterial pathogens, the current knowledge of the molecular basis of pathogenicity of mycoplasmas is limited, and their strategies of infection at the molecular and cellular level remain to be elucidated. Several studies in the past years have shown that pathogenic mycoplasmas are equipped with sophisticated genetic systems, which allow these agents to spontaneously change their surface antigenic make-up. It is implicated that these variable surface components provide the wall-less mycoplasmas with a means to avoid the host immune response and promote host colonization. In Mycoplasma (M.) agalactiae, the agent of "contagious agalactia" in sheep and goats, a pathogenicity island-like locus has recently been identified that contains six distinct but related genes which encode the major immunodominant membrane proteins, the so-called Vpmas. It was shown that these surface-associated proteins vary in expression at an unusual high frequency due to site-specific DNA rearrangements. The previous lack of tools to genetically manipulate M. agalactiae has hampered more refined studies to assess the exact function of Vpmas in M. agalactiae infection and disease. The recent successful introduction of foreign DNA into the M. agalactiae genome therefore represents an important breakthrough which sets up the basis for a variety of follow-up studies assessing the role of Vpmas in molecular pathogenesis.  相似文献   

Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin - an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation     

Schmid N  Deplazes P  Hoby S  Ryser-Degiorgis MP  Edelhofer R  Mathis A 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,154(1-2):14-20

In 2005 and 2006, three adult female chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) were found dead with signs of acute babesial infection in the eastern Swiss Alps. PCR on DNA extracted from blood or spleen of the carcasses revealed sequence identity of the amplified part of the 18S rRNA gene with GenBank entries attributed to Babesia divergens of cattle origin or B. capreoli of wild ruminant origin which have never been described before in this region. Examination of 424 blood samples from 314 head of cattle from this area by IFAT, microscopy and PCR provided no evidence for babesial infection. Six of 887 ticks collected from cattle were PCR-positive, and sequencing revealed Babesia sp. genotype EU1 in five and B. divergens/B. capreoli in one of them. A Babesia isolate of chamois, two isolates of roe deer from the same region and one isolate of a roe deer from the north-western Swiss Alps were genetically compared with two Swiss B. divergens isolates of cattle origin by analysing the genomic rDNA locus. Whereas the near full length sequences of the 18S rRNA gene were virtually identical among all six isolates (>99.4% identity), distinct differences between the two isolates from cattle on the one hand and the four isolates from free-ranging ruminants on the other hand were observed in the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2) and part of the 28S rRNA gene. These results indicate that, albeit genetically very closely related, these babesial organisms from cattle and from free-ranging ruminants indeed are distinguishable organisms with different host specificities, and they support the use of the discrete species name B. capreoli for the B. divergens-like organisms from chamois and roe deer.  相似文献