Influences of diet and vaccination on colonisation of pigs by the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira (Serpulina) pilosicoli     

Hampson DJ  Robertson ID  La T  Oxberry SL  Pethick DW 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,73(1):75-84

The purpose of this study was to determine whether methods used to control swine dysentery (SD), caused by the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae, would also be effective in controlling porcine intestinal spirochaetosis (PIS) caused by the related spirochaete Brachyspira (Serpulina) pilosicoli. Weaner pigs in Groups I (n=8) and II (n=6) received a standard weaner pig diet based on wheat and lupins, whilst Group III (n=6) received an experimental diet based on cooked white rice and animal protein. Pigs in Group II were vaccinated intramuscularly twice at a 3-week-interval with a formalinised bacterin made from B. pilosicoli porcine strain 95/1000 resuspended in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Eleven days later pigs in all groups were infected orally with 10(10) cells of strain 95/1000 on three successive days. One control pig in Group I developed acute diarrhoea, and at post-mortem had a severe erosive colitis with end-on attachment of spirochaetes to the colonic epithelium. All other pigs developed transient mild diarrhoea and had moderate patchy colitis at post-mortem 3 weeks later. B. pilosicoli was isolated from the faeces of all pigs, except for one fed rice, and was isolated from the mesenteric nodes of three pigs from Group I and from one vaccinated pig in Group II. Consumption of the rice-based diet, but not vaccination, delayed and significantly (p<0.001) reduced the onset of faecal excretion of B. pilosicoli after experimental challenge. Vaccination induced a primary and secondary serological response to B. pilosicoli, as measured using sonicated whole cells of strain 95/1000 as an ELISA plate coating antigen. Antibody titres in the vaccinated pigs then declined, despite intestinal colonisation by B. pilosicoli. Both groups of unvaccinated animals also failed to develop a post-infection increase in circulating antibody titres.  相似文献   

Canine TIMP-2: purification, characterization and molecular detection     

Bee A  Barnes A  Jones MD  Robertson DH  Clegg PD  Carter SD 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2000,160(2):126-134

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade tissues in health and disease are under the control of the tissue inhibitors of MMPs, the TIMPs. TIMP-2 is particularly important for control of MMP-2 and both have been implicated in many pathological processes from arthritis to tumour invasion. This study characterized and detected TIMP-2 from canine cells; including synovial fibroblasts and three tumour-derived canine cell lines, K1, K6 and DH82. Gelatin zymography demonstrated that pro-MMP-2 is produced by synovial fibroblasts and the three cells lines. Reverse zymograms showed that all the cell sources tested secrete both TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. The 22 kDa band was purified and n-terminal amino acid sequencing showed it to be highly homologous to equine and human TIMP-2. Analysis of purified canine MMP-2 and MMP-9 showed that TIMP-2 is associated, and co-purifies with MMP-2. Polymerase chain reaction, using consensus primers, was used to detect TIMP-2 mRNA from the cell sources and proved positive in all cases. This work highlights the importance of TIMP-2 as the main inhibitor for MMP-2 and, therefore, opens the possibilities of targeting TIMP-2 for therapeutic intervention against connective amino acid tissue degradation in a range of diseases.  相似文献   

Yersiniosis in Farmed Deer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I V Jerrett  K J Slee  B I Robertson 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(6):212-214

Samples from 77 chital (Axis axis), 42 fallow (Dama dama), 26 red (Cervus elaphus), 7 rusa (Cervus timorensis) and 1 sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) were examined. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection was diagnosed as the cause of death in 6 (23%) of the red and 23 (30%) of the chital deer. Yersiniosis was the most common infectious cause of death diagnosed. Affected deer were usually found moribund or dead, often with faecal staining of the perineum. Gross pathology in chital included a fibrinous enterocolitis, enlarged congested mesenteric lymph nodes and multiple pale foci through the liver. Gross changes in red deer were limited to intense congestion of the intestinal mucosa and enlargement and congestion of mesenteric lymph nodes. Microscopic intestinal changes in both species consisted of microabscessation or diffuse suppurative inflammation of the intestinal mucosa with numerous bacterial colonies in the lamina propria. Multifocal suppurative mesenteric lymphadenitis was a common finding. Multifocal suppurative or non-suppurative hepatitis was frequently present in the liver of chital but was uncommon in the red deer. Yersiniosis occurred during the cooler months from June to November, with younger age classes most commonly affected. Y. pseudotuberculosis serotypes I, II and III were isolated in the ratio 17:3:0 in the chital deer and 1:1:2 in red deer. The clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological features are similar to those documented previously by New Zealand workers. The increased susceptibility to disease of red deer and chital compared to fallow deer and perhaps other species has not previously been documented.  相似文献   

Comparison of suture materials and suture patterns for inverting intestinal anastomosis of the jejunum in the horse     

P W Dean  J T Robertson  R M Jacobs 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(10):2072-2077

In 7 horses, 4 anastomoses were done in the small intestine in each, using the combinations of synthetic absorbable monofilament and multifilament suture materials with continuous- and interrupted-suture patterns in the serosubmucosal layer of a 2-layer inverting-suture technique. Horses were evaluated 30 days after the operation for adhesion formation, lumen diameter, evidence of chronic obstruction, and suture tract inflammation at the anastomosis. Postoperative obstruction occurred in 5 of the 7 horses, and 6 horses survived. One horse was euthanatized on postoperative day 6 after 48 hours of ileus and obstruction; necropsy revealed a partial intussusception involving the anastomosis done with continuous multifilament-suture material. Two other horses that became obstructed between postoperative days 3 and 5 had protracted ileus and gastric reflux up to 48 hours' duration, but survived. Horses that had obstruction after the 6th postoperative day recovered within 4 hours of onset. The continuous inverting-suture pattern in the serosubmucosal layer resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer adhesions than did the interrupted pattern, and suture material had no effect on adhesion formation. There was no significant difference in the percentage of reduction of lumen diameter between the variations of the 2-layer technique, and there was no evidence of chronic obstruction related to any of the anastomoses. Suture tract inflammation was moderate in the anastomoses, using continuous-multifilament suture, with neutrophils being the predominant cell type. The anastomoses with continuous-monofilament suture had mild inflammation with focal accumulations of neutrophils. Minimal inflammation was associated with both types of suture in the interrupted pattern.  相似文献   

Surgical stapling for repair of a rectal tear in a horse   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R H Stewart  J T Robertson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,197(6):746-748

A grade-4 rectal tear in a mare was successfully repaired per rectum, using a surgical stapling device. The mare had only minor postoperative complications. This technique has some advantages over previously described procedures, but should be reserved for use in selected cases.  相似文献   

THE EVOLUTION OF HERBS     

Robertson C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1916,44(1140):638-639

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Bursaphelenchus fungivorus (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) associated with Orthotomicus erosus (Coleoptera: Scolitydae) in Spain     

M. Arias  L. Robertson  A. Garcia‐Alvarez  S. C. Arcos  M. Escuer  R. Sanz  J. P. Mansilla 《Forest Pathology》2005,35(5):375-383

A survey of the xylophagous insects in the conifer forests, mainly Pinus pinaster woodlands, in Spain was carried out in order to study the phoretic vectors of nematodes of the genus Bursaphelenchus. Fifteen environmental sites were characterized on the bases of altitude, rainfall, temperature and conifer species. Specimens of Orthotomicus erosus (n = 3476) were captured of which 59% carried nematodes under their elytrous, most of them were aphelenchid fungal‐feeding nematodes, but B. fungivorus was found on the beetles from Las Cumbres, Villa Blanca, (Huelva), southern Spain, which represent the first record of O. erosus as vector of a Bursaphelenchus sp. The nematode is characterized by morphometric and biomolecular techniques and distribution and ecology of the insect is discussed.  相似文献   

A VALENTINE‐SHAPED CARDIAC SILHOUETTE IN FELINE THORACIC RADIOGRAPHS IS PRIMARILY DUE TO LEFT ATRIAL ENLARGEMENT          下载免费PDF全文

Trisha J. Oura  Aisha N. Young  Bruce W. Keene  Ian D. Robertson  Dennis E. Jennings  Donald E. Thrall 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(3):245-250

Conflicting information has been published regarding the cause of a valentine‐shaped cardiac silhouette in dorsoventral or ventrodorsal thoracic radiographs in cats. The purpose of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to test the hypothesis that the valentine shape is primarily due to left atrial enlargement. Images for cats with a radiographic valentine‐shaped cardiac silhouette and full echocardiography examination were retrieved and independently reviewed. A subjective scoring system was used to record severity of radiographic valentine shape. Subjective radiographic evidence of left atrial enlargement in a radiographic lateral projection and a final diagnosis based on medical records were also recorded. A total of 81 cats met inclusion criteria. There was a strong positive correlation (P < 0.001) between echocardiographic left atrial size and severity of radiographic valentine shape. There was no effect of echocardiographic right atrial size on the severity of valentine shape, except when concurrent with severe left atrial enlargement. In this situation, right atrial enlargement increased the likelihood of observing a severe valentine shape. There was no effect of right atrial enlargement on the shape of the cardiac silhouette when left atrial enlargement was absent or only mild to moderate. There was no correlation between the category of final diagnosis of cardiac disease and the severity of valentine shape. Findings from this study supported the hypothesis that a valentine‐shaped cardiac silhouette in radiographs is due primarily to left atrial enlargement in cats, with right atrial enlargement only impacting the shape if concurrent with severe left atrial enlargement.  相似文献   

Effect of N‐butylscopolammonium bromide on equine ileal smooth muscle activity in an ex vivo model          下载免费PDF全文

K. A. Hart  C. E. Sherlock  A. J. Davern  T. H. Lewis  T. P. Robertson 《Equine veterinary journal》2015,47(4):450-455

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Assessment of the potential relationship between egg quality and infectious bronchitis virus infection in Australian layer flocks     

KA Hewson  T Robertson  PA Steer  JM Devlin  AH Noormohammadi  J Ignjatovic 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(4):132-138

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