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21.
Smith LB Dally MR Sainz RD Rodrigue KL Oberbauer AM 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(11):2942-2949
Normal fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) acts as a negative bone growth regulator by restricting chondrocyte proliferation and endochondral bone elongation. In sheep, a heritable mutation that inactivates FGFR3 produces skeletal overgrowth when homozygous, this condition is commonly referred to as spider lamb syndrome (SLS). We hypothesized that sheep heterozygous for the inactivated FGFR3 mutation (FGFR3(SLS/+)) would exhibit enhanced long bone growth and greater frame size; additionally, the isolated effects of increased bone growth would translate into greater BW and larger LM area relative to normal lambs at harvest. The current study investigated bone length and LM area of FGFR3(SLS/+) sheep at maturity and during growth. At maturity, FGFR3(SLS/+) ewes exhibited a larger frame size and longer bones than normal FGFR3(+/+) ewes (P < 0.05). Similarly, FGFR3(SLS/+) lambs had greater frame sizes than normal FGFR3(+/+) lambs, as indicated by increased metacarpal III length and height at withers (P < 0.05). The FGFR3(SLS/+) lambs took longer than the normal FGFR3(+/+) lambs to reach the 60-kg common BW harvest end point (P < 0.05). The FGFR3(SLS/+) lambs showed no difference in BW, ADG, or LM area at any age compared with normal FGFR3(+/+) lambs (P > 0.2). A similar LM area produced in the context of a greater frame size and skeletal length produces a greater muscle volume, thereby potentially increasing meat yield. The results of this study suggest that FGFR3(SLS/+) animals exhibit a relaxation of the normal inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation, resulting in an increase in the overall frame size. The sheep industry could utilize the naturally occurring genetic mutation in FGFR3 to potentially increase meat yields with enhanced skeletal growth as an alternative to exogenous growth promotants. 相似文献
22.
Rodrigue Idohou Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo Belarmain Fandohan Gerard Nounagnon Gouwakinnou Romain Lucas Glele Kakai Brice Sinsin Nigel Maxted 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(4):1337-1352
Species prioritization is a crucial step in any development of conservation strategy, especially for crop wild relatives (CWR), since financial resources are generally limited. This study aimed at: assessing the biodiversity of crop wild relatives in Benin and identifying priority species for active conservation. Data were collected through literature review to establish an exhaustive list of CWR in Benin. Eight prioritization criteria and different prioritization systems were used. The top 50 species obtained by each of these methods were identified and twenty final top CWR were shortlisted as those occurring as priority across methods. A total of 266 plant species belonging to 65 genera and 36 families were identified. The most represented are: Cyperaceae (12.50 %), Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (11.87 %), Convolvulaceae (11.25 %), Poaceae (10.31 %), Asteraceae (7.81 %), Solanaceae (6.87 %) and Dioscoreaceae (5.31 %). Among the 20 species of highest priority for conservation, Manihot glaziovii Müll. Arg. and Piper guineense Schumach. et Thonn., appeared as the most represented species on top of the list. 相似文献
23.
Rodrigue Yossa Sylvie Levesque David B. Groman Jairo H. Lora 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2018,30(3):256-271
A study was conducted to investigate the potential of purified lignin and hemicellulose as prebiotics in diets for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., postsmolt in seawater (30 ppt) at 14.9 ± 1.2°C. Triplicate groups of fish (initial individual body mass of 101.6 ± 1.2 g) were fed either the fishmeal-dense (32% of fishmeal) control diet (A) or one of the nine diets (15% fishmeal) supplemented with lignin:hemicellulose ratios (% diet:% diet) of 0.05:0 (B), 0.25:0 (C), 0.50:0 (D), 1.00:0 (E), 0:0.05 (F), 0:0.25 (G), 0:0.50 (H), 0.05:0.25 (I), and 0.25:0.50 (J) for 12 weeks in a complete randomized experimental design. At the end of the experiment, the thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC) was significantly lower in salmon fed diets with 0.50% and 1.00% purified lignin than those fed the control diet, while there was no significant difference between the other treatments and the control diet (P < 0.05). The feed efficiency (FE) was significantly lower in salmon fed diets with 0.50% and 1.00% purified lignin and 0.05% hemicellulose than those fed the control diet, while there was no significant difference between the other treatments and the control diet (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index (HSI), intestinal villus length, and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients in diets were similar (P > 0.05) among all the diets. This study demonstrated that inclusions of up to 0.25% of dietary purified lignin alone, and 0.25%–0.50% of dietary hemicellulose alone or in combination with dietary lignin can be considered as candidate prebiotics in Atlantic salmon nutrition. 相似文献
24.
Effects of soybean meal and high‐protein sunflower meal on growth performance,feed utilization,gut health and gene expression in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) at the grow‐out stage 
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下载免费PDF全文 The effects of two plant ingredients (solvent‐extracted soybean meal [SBM] and high‐protein sunflower meal [HPSFM]) and three inclusion levels (0 percent, practical diet containing 25 percent fish meal; 12.5 percent; and 25 percent) of these ingredients were investigated on the growth, feed utilization, gut histology and gene expression in the distal intestine of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (average initial weight, 330.1 ± 8.9 g per fish). Feeding experimental diets for 12 weeks resulted in no difference between HPSFM diets in body weight gain (BWG), thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC), feed efficiency (FE), feed intake (FI) or pro‐inflammatory mRNA expression (PIE) with increasing dietary inclusion and between SBM FE, FI and PIE. Differences in quadratic contrasts were observed for nitrogen deposition rate (NDR) and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) (p < .05), whereby HPSFM diets elicited the strongest positive response. SBM resulted in linear reduction in BWG, TGC and distal intestine simple fold length and width measurements (p < .05) with stepwise increases in dietary inclusion, whereas dietary HPSFM had no effect. Histological observations of individual villi indicated several symptoms of non‐infectious subacute gastrointestinal enteritis in tanks fed SBM, many of which were not present in tanks fed HPSFM. The dietary HPSFM seems to be more adequate to replace fishmeal in Arctic charr diet than SBM, when fed at a level of up to 25 percent at the grow‐out stage. 相似文献
25.
ABSTRACTThis article describes the sea lice control methods that are currently applicable to salmon farming in Canada. Three commercial chemical products are approved for use against sea lice in Canada: Slice®, Interox® Paramove® 50, and Calicide®. Physical control methods include photoperiod and cage-depth manipulations, desiccation of farm equipment, and the use of electric fences. Biological control measures include the polyculture of salmon with wrasse or mussel. Nutraceuticals and immunostimulants shown to reduce sea lice infestations in salmon include unmethylated DNA, yeast fermentation extract-Brewer’s yeast compound, AllBrew and NuPro, MacroGard®, and Optimûn®. Salmon farmers are recommended to use site-specific integrated approaches, by properly adapting a combination of chemical, physical, biological, and nutritional measures to the environmental and financial characteristics of their farm. In the future, development of vaccines against sea lice and of salmon lines resistant to sea lice will play a pivotal role in fighting against this parasite. 相似文献
26.
Rodrigue Idohou A. Townsend Peterson Achille E. Assogbadjo Romaric L. Vihotogbe Elie Padonou Romain Glèlè Kakaï 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(6):1383-1393
Wild palms contribute significantly to food security and local economy in tropical areas, and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In light of this importance, eight palm species were explored [Borassus aethiopum (L.) Mart, Eremospatha macrocarpa (G. Mann et H. Wendl.) H. Wendl., Laccosperma opacum (G. Mann et H. Wendl.) Drude, Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart, Phoenix reclinata Jacq., Raphia hookeri G. Mann et H. Wendl., R. sudanica A. Chev., and R. vinifera P. Beauv.] as targets for conservation, domestication, and cultivation in Benin. Cultivation potential was evaluated in a coarse-resolution, first-pass effort using ecological niche models to relate known occurrences of each species to vegetation indices (VEG), gross primary productivity (GPP), and soil characteristics (SOIL), and model outputs were related to human distribution and land-use patterns. Results showed that wild palms responded differentially to different suites of environmental factors: some species showed best model performance with VEG + GPP + SOIL, others with GPP + SOIL or VEG + GPP, or with a single factor. Two species had broad potential distributions across the country; others had potential areas in the north (2 species) or the south (4 species). Raphia hookeri and R. vinifera showed greatest overlap in terms of ecology and distribution, whereas L. opacum and R. sudanica had the lowest similarity. These models constitute initial steps toward a sustainable scheme for planning exploration of the possibility of cultivation of these species. 相似文献
27.
Rodrigue Idohou Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo Romain Glèlè Kakaï A. Townsend Peterson 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(3):527-540
Sustainable conservation of tropical resources required understanding of their distribution for effective assessment and definition of conservation priorities. In tropical areas, wild palms are highly valued keystone resources with growing demand for both subsistence uses and commercial trade. Here we focused on eight such species (Borassus aethiopum Mart., Eremospatha macrocarpa (G.Mann & H.Wendl.) H.Wendl., Hyphaene thebaica Mart., Laccosperma opacum (G.Mann & H.Wendl.) Drude, Phoenix reclinata Jacq., Raphia hookeri G.Mann & H.Wendl., Raphia sudanica A. Chev., and Raphia vinifera P.Beauv.). This study tested (i) how those palms distributions may be affected under future climate scenarios, and (ii) if species are effectively conserved currently and under future forecasts for their native distributional areas. Finally, we defined spatial priorities for the species’ conservation. Available bioclimatic and soil data layers were used for the modelling with maximum entropy approaches, and resulting maps were overlaid on the existing protected areas network. Results showed that much of the distribution of the species will remain largely stable, albeit with some expansion and retraction in some species; relationships with protected areas networks suggest that protected portions of species distributions will also remain stable. The areas identified as highest conservation priority differ between models even though the highest-priority areas holding most palm species are located along the coast (from Guinea to Nigeria). Further development of these analyses could aid in forming a more complete picture of the distributions and populations of the species, which in turn could aid in developing effective conservation strategies for this botanically important family. 相似文献