Detection of all Chlamydophila and Chlamydia spp. of veterinary interest using species-specific real-time PCR assays     

Alexandra Pantchev  Reinhard Sting  Rolf Bauerfeind  Judith Tyczka  Konrad Sachse   《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2010,33(6):473-484

The aim of the present study was to analyse the occurrence of chlamydiae in several mammalian host species. Clinical samples that previously tested positive in a Chlamydiaceae-specific real-time PCR were retested using six species-specific real-time PCR assays to identify the chlamydial species involved. Chlamydophila (Cp.) abortus was the agent most frequently found in cattle, sheep, horses, goats, and pigs. Detection in cattle of Cp. psittaci (11% of samples) and Chlamydia (C.) suis (9%), as well as Cp. psittaci in a goat sample was somewhat unexpected. DNA of two different chlamydiae was identified in 56 (12.7%) of 440 samples tested. Cp. felis was the predominant species found in cats, while in guinea pigs and rabbits only Cp. caviae was detected. Interestingly, the latter two pathogens were also identified in samples from dogs. The data show that mixed chlamydial infections are not rare and suggest an extended host range of individual species.  相似文献   

The inhibiting effect of nitrate fertilisation on methane uptake of a temperate forest soil is influenced by labile carbon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ann-Catrin Fender  Birgit Pfeiffer  Dirk Gansert  Christoph Leuschner  Rolf Daniel  Hermann F. Jungkunst 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(6):621-631

Upland soils are the most important terrestrial sink for the greenhouse gas CH₄. The oxidation of CH₄ is highly influenced by reactive N which is increasingly added to many ecosystems by atmospheric deposition and thereby also alters the labile C pool in the soils. The interacting effects of soil N availability and the labile C pool on CH₄ oxidation are not well understood. We conducted a laboratory experiment with soil columns consisting of homogenised topsoil material from a temperate broad-leaved forest to study the net CH₄ flux under the combined or isolated addition of NO ₃ ^? and glucose as a labile C source. Addition of NO ₃ ^? and glucose reduced the net CH₄ uptake of the soil by 86% and 83%, respectively. The combined addition of both agents led to a nearly complete inhibition of CH₄ uptake (reduction by 99.4%). Our study demonstrates a close link between the availability of C and N and the rate of CH₄ oxidation in temperate forest soils. Continued deposition of NO ₃ ^? has the potential to reduce the sink strength of temperate forest soils for CH₄.  相似文献   

Re‐visiting potassium‐ and phosphate‐fertilizer responses in field experiments and soil‐test interpretations by means of data mining     

Rolf O. Kuchenbuch  Uwe Buczko 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(2):171-185

Currently, potassium (K)‐ and phosphate (P)‐fertilizer recommendation in Germany is based on standardized soil‐testing procedures, the results of which are interpreted in terms of nutrient availability. Although site‐specific soil and plant properties (e.g., clay and carbon content, pH, crop species) influence the relation between soil nutrient content and fertilizer effectiveness, most of these factors are not accounted for quantitatively when assessing fertilizer demand. Recent re‐evaluations of field observations suggest that even for soil nutrient contents well within the range considered to indicate P or K deficiency, fertilizer applications often resulted in no yield increase. In this study, results from P‐ and K‐fertilization trials (in total about 9000 experimental harvests) conducted during the past decades in Germany and Austria were re‐analyzed using a nonparametric data‐mining procedure which consists of a successive segmentation of the data pool in order to elaborate a modified recommendation scheme. In addition to soil nutrient content, fertilizer‐application rates, nutrient‐use efficiency, and site properties such as pH, clay content, and soil organic matter, have a distinct influence on yield increase compared to an unfertilized control. For K, nutrient‐use efficiency had the largest influence, followed by soil‐test K content, whereas for P, the influence of soil‐test P content was largest, followed by pH and clay content. The results may be used in a novel approach to predict the probability of yield increase for a specified combination of crop species, fertilizer‐application rate, and site‐specific data.  相似文献   

Systemic and local effects of lidocaine or mepivacaine when used for intravenous regional anaesthesia of the distal limb in standing sedated horses     

Jose L. Mendez-Angulo  Maria M. Granados  Rolf Modesto  Juan M. Serrano-Rodriguez  Francisco J. Funes  Setefilla Quiros  Rafael J. Gomez-Villamandos  Sara Zaldívar  Troy N. Trumble 《Equine veterinary journal》2020,52(5):743-751

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Theorie eines Doppel-Membran-Apparates zur Bestimmung der kapillaren Leitfähigkeit von Bodenproben     

Rolf Koitzsch 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1-3):47-60

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Soil influence on landmine detection—insights from a field study in Mozambique     

Holger Preetz  Christian Rolf  Jan Igel 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(3):585-605

Purpose

Electromagnetic induction based metal detectors are commonly used in landmine clearance operations. Their performance can be seriously deteriorated by magnetic properties of the soil in which the landmines are buried.

Materials and methods

Soil magnetic parameters were studied at three locations in Southern Mozambique where soils had caused severe problems during former landmine clearance campaigns. Field work comprised a geological and pedological survey of soils and the parent rock materials. Soil and rock samples were analyzed to determine pedological standard parameters and magnetic susceptibility. Geochemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and thermomagnetic analysis helped to clarify the mineral composition and to specify the origin and properties of the magnetic minerals. The spatial distribution of the topsoil magnetic susceptibility was investigated in the field and characterized using geostatistical analyses.

Results and discussion

Despite different degrees of weathering of the investigated soils, their magnetic mineral composition is dominated by lithogenic (Ti-) magnetites. Moreover, there are clues for the pedogenic neoformation of ultrafine-grained ferrimagnetic minerals in two of the three topsoils. The deterioration of metal detector performance at the sites results from the high frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility at two locations and from the distinct spatial variability of topsoil magnetic susceptibility at all locations.

Conclusions

To assess soil effects on the performance of modern metal detectors the investigations of frequency-dependent susceptibility and of spatial susceptibility distribution are the most meaningful tools. Summarizing, the topsoil magnetic properties of the investigated sites are predominantly influenced by their parent material and to a minor degree by pedogenic neoformation.  相似文献   

Effect of ammonia and nitrate on biogas production from food waste via anaerobic digestion     

Kuichuan Sheng  Xiang Chen  Jinming Pan  Rolf Kloss  Yi Wei  Yibin Ying 《Biosystems Engineering》2013,116(2):205-212

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Inert agricultural spray adjuvants may increase the adverse effects of selected insecticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) under laboratory conditions     

Wernecke  Anna  Eckert  Jakob H.  Forster  Rolf  Kurlemann  Nils  Odemer  Richard 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2022,129(1):93-105

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Currently, more than 360 spray adjuvants are registered in Germany (September 2021). Unlike plant protection products (PPPs), adjuvants are not subjected...  相似文献   

Pronounced fluctuations of spruce bark beetle (Scolytinae: Ips typographus) populations do not invoke genetic differentiation     

Felix Gugerli  Rolf Gall  Franz Meier  Beat Wermelinger 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,256(3):405-409

The dynamics of a recent outbreak of the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) in Switzerland was ruled by a devastating winter storm in 1999 and the drought and heat of the summer 2003. Starting from a similar level of population sizes, estimated as the rate of infested growing stock, beetle populations increased differently in magnitude and time among different regions in Switzerland. Accordingly, we expected local or regional genetic differentiation as a result of such repeated population expansion/breakdown dynamics. We analyzed 5 nuclear microsatellites of spruce bark beetles sampled from pheromone traps at 30 locations distributed over Switzerland. Our genetic results did not indicate any sign of population differentiation, structure, isolation by distance, or recent bottlenecks. This complete lack of genetic structure suggests that spruce bark beetles are highly mobile, precluding the formation of a spatial structure at neutral molecular markers. Thus, this molecular–genetic approach does not allow us to discriminate among regional gene pools and to identify the origin of expanding beetle populations.  相似文献   

Climate signal age effects—Evidence from young and old trees in the Swiss Engadin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jan Esper  Rolf Niederer  Peter Bebi  David Frank 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,255(11):3783-3789

A potential limitation of tree-ring based climate reconstructions is related to climate signal age effects (CSAE). CSAE may arise if the climatic response of young tree-rings differs from that of old tree-rings. This could mean that climatic signals become stronger (or weaker) with tree aging, or that the seasonality of signals or the sensitivity to a specific element (e.g., temperature, precipitation) changes over time. Such changes would affect the interpretation of dendroclimatic reconstructions, as the tree-rings included in these records are generally oldest at the end of a record (e.g., 21st century)—which is the time period generally used for calibration with instrumental data.We here addressed this concern by analyzing young and old Pinus cembra trees from three high elevation sites in the central European Alps. Core and disc samples were collected in pre-defined plots to allow for a representative analysis of tree ages with tree-ring width (TRW) measurement series categorized into age classes (i) >1880, (ii) 1880–1939, and (iii) 1940–2002. Notably we report on the signal of the very young category (iii) not yet described in literature, and thus allow estimation of climate response and signal strength characteristics during the first years of the trees’ lifespans.Comparison of age classes (i)–(iii) revealed differences in TRW coherence and size, but little change in climatic signal. CSAE are in the order of the differences recorded among high elevation sites—a conclusion that holds for inter-annual to decadal scale TRW variations at near-treeline Swiss stone pine. Such data are typically included in regional and larger-scale temperature reconstructions; thus, our results add confidence to long-term climate estimates integrating a range of tree-ring age classes. Other findings, such as the reaction wood in juvenile tree-rings, and sensitivity of the climate signal to sample replication, suggest that comparisons of young and old age classes, and separate calibration of these categories against instrumental climate data might further the estimation of long-term uncertainty changes in tree-ring based climate reconstructions.  相似文献