飞行前后意大利蝗飞行肌及 能源消耗比较     

窦洁  张若燕  刘敏  钱雪  肖宏伟  Roman Jashenko  季荣 《草业科学》2017,34(8)

意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus)具有长距离迁飞行为,并常给迁入区造成严重损失。若要提高对其监测预警和防控水平,就需要掌握其飞行肌结构特征,分析其体内能源物质积累与飞行消耗的动态,因此本研究比较了意大利蝗吊飞前后飞行肌肌节长度、肌原纤维直径和线粒体含量差异及飞行不同距离虫体内糖原和甘油酯含量变化。结果表明,吊飞组与未吊飞对照组雌虫之间、雄虫之间线粒体含量均差异显著(P0.05)。意大利蝗雌成虫飞行超过2.8km后糖原消耗最多,为11.15mg·g~(-1),雄虫飞行2.1~2.8km时消耗最多,为16.10mg·g~(-1)。雌、雄成虫均在飞行距离大于2.8km后甘油酯消耗最多,分别为61.69和69.75mg·g~(-1)。意大利蝗飞行同时消耗糖类和脂肪两类能源物质,且雌雄成虫分别飞行超过2.8km和2.1~2.8km时糖原利用效率最大,飞行超过2.8km后甘油酯利用效率最大。本研究得出吊飞组个体能改变自身的飞行肌结构来适应飞行活动;且飞行过程中意大利蝗能同时利用糖类与脂类,糖类能快速产生能量以供起飞与短距离飞行,随后主要消耗甘油酯供长距离飞行。  相似文献   

New Tripeptide Derivatives Asperripeptides A–C from Vietnamese Mangrove-Derived Fungus Aspergillus terreus LM.5.2     

Elena V. Girich  Anton B. Rasin  Roman S. Popov  Ekaterina A. Yurchenko  Ekaterina A. Chingizova  Phan Thi Hoai Trinh  Ngo Thi Duy Ngoc  Mikhail V. Pivkin  Olesya I. Zhuravleva  Anton N. Yurchenko 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

Three new tripeptide derivatives asterripeptides A–C (1–3) were isolated from Vietnamese mangrove-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus LM.5.2. Structures of isolated compounds were determined by a combination of NMR and ESIMS techniques. The absolute configurations of all stereocenters were determined using the Murfey’s method. The isolated compounds 1–3 contain a rare fungi cinnamic acid residue. The cytotoxicity of isolated compounds against several cancer cell lines and inhibition ability of sortase A from Staphylococcus aureus of asterripeptides A–C were investigated.  相似文献   

Deep-Sea Anemones Are Prospective Source of New Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Compounds     

Aleksandra Kvetkina  Elena Kostina  Irina Gladkikh  Victoria Chausova  Ekaterina Yurchenko  Irina Bakunina  Mikhail Pivkin  Stanislav Anastyuk  Roman Popov  Margarita Monastyrnaya  Emma Kozlovskaya  Marina Isaeva  Pavel Dmitrenok  Elena Leychenko 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)

The peculiarities of the survival and adaptation of deep-sea organisms raise interest in the study of their metabolites as promising drugs. In this work, the hemolytic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and enzyme-inhibitory activities of tentacle extracts from five species of sea anemones (Cnidaria, orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) collected near the Kuril and Commander Islands of the Far East of Russia were evaluated for the first time. The extracts of Liponema brevicorne and Actinostola callosa demonstrated maximal hemolytic activity, while high cytotoxic activity against murine splenocytes and Ehrlich carcinoma cells was found in the extract of Actinostola faeculenta. The extracts of Corallimorphus cf. pilatus demonstrated the greatest activity against Ehrlich carcinoma cells but were not toxic to mouse spleen cells. Sea anemones C. cf. pilatus and Stomphia coccinea are promising sources of antimicrobial and antifungal compounds, being active against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and yeast Candida albicans. Moreover, all sea anemones contain α-galactosidase inhibitors. Peptide mass fingerprinting of L. brevicorne and C. cf. pilatus extracts provided a wide range of peptides, predominantly with molecular masses of 4000–5900 Da, which may belong to a known or new structural class of toxins. The obtained data allow concluding that deep-sea anemones are a promising source of compounds for drug discovery.  相似文献   

Interaction dynamics between a contaminated dredged sediment and extracting solutions of different nature     

Garcia-Blas  Nieves  Jimenez-Relinque  Eva  Nevshupa  Roman  Castellote  Marta 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(6):2664-2671

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to study the dynamics between the matrix of a contaminated marine sediment, its contaminants and various desorbing solutions by means of equilibrium tests, sedimentation trials and zeta potential, with the focus on assessing optimum enhancing solutions for decontamination purposes.

Materials and methods

The sediment samples were analysed to determine their physico-chemical characteristics: particle size distribution, solids concentration, total organic carbon (TOC), content of heavy metals, organic contaminants, mineralogical phases, zeta potential and buffer capacity. Twelve extracting solutions of different nature were used for equilibrium tests, in which the dynamic behaviour of the sediment was evaluated. Elemental analysis was carried out for the sediment samples and the solutions before and after the tests.

Results and discussion

The sediment was mainly composed of clay and lime, with a high content of iron, which has a strong influence on sorption-desorption processes. The sediment had a considerable buffer capacity at low and high pH values. The desorption of the metals was not proportional to pH. The highest decrease in the concentration of metals from the sediment was obtained with 0.2 M ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and 1 M nitric acid, while the lowest degree of metal extraction occurred in pure water and potassium iodide (KI).

Conclusions

The most important parameters for contaminant release were complexation ability of the solution for the sediment components and pH of the solution. A promising design for the remediation treatment for the investigated sediment includes complexation and strong acid agents.

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Correction to: Interaction dynamics between a contaminated dredged sediment and extracting solutions of different nature     

Garcia-Blas  Nieves  Jimenez-Relinque  Eva  Nevshupa  Roman  Castellote  Marta 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(6):2672-2672

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Figure 4 is not correct in the PDF format of the originally published article. Please note that in the HTML or online format, the image is correct.  相似文献   

Effect of different types of descaling methods on shelf life of air-/vacuum-packaged common carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis> L.) fillets under refrigerated storage conditions     

Roman Lunda  Zuzana Linhartová  Jan Másílko  Petr Dvořák  Sonja Smole Možina  Jan Mráz 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(6):1555-1568

Microbiological quality, sensory attributes and consumer preferences of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fillets descaled by four different methods under two storage conditions (air packed and vacuum packaged) and refrigerated storage conditions were studied. Farmed common carps (scaly and mirror), of marketable size (2.2 kg, 3 years old), were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 10), and filleted and fillets were processed by four descaling methods: without skin, without scales, undercut scales and mirror carp (without any other treatment). Microbiological analyses were determined by total viable counts (TVCs) in logarithm of colony-forming units per gram (log CFU/g), and sensory quality of fillets was classified by odour, flavour, after taste and consistency on storage days 0, 3, 6 and 9. Vacuum packaging conditions affected the growth of microbiota and extended the shelf life of fillets in all experimental groups. Microbial communities grew to between 3.19–3.90, 4.03–6.00 and 6.35–8.28 log CFU/g after 3, 6 and 9 days of storage, respectively, and fillets without skin showed the lowest TVC among all analysed groups throughout storage. Also sensory analyses showed that consistency and odour of carp fillets were influenced by packaging conditions as well as descaling methods. The survey on consumer preferences of carp found out that 58.9 % of customers preferred scaly carp with undercut scales and processed to fillets instead of mirror carp. The results of present study show that different types of descaling methods combined with air/vacuum packaging can significantly prolong the shelf life of carp fillets.  相似文献   

Measurement of Dynamic Dough Density and Effect of Surfactants and Flour Type on Aeration During Mixing and Gas Retention During Proofing     

Grant M. Campbell  Roberto Herrero‐Sanchez  Roman Payo‐Rodriguez  Maria Luisa Merchan 《Cereal Chemistry》2001,78(3):272-277

A new method for measuring dough densities is presented, based on weighing small dough samples in air and immersed in xylene. The method can be used to evaluate the air content of low‐density doughs and to follow the changing density of a proofing dough sample. The method is applied to evaluate the effect of flour strength and surfactant addition on dough aeration and subsequent proofing. Doughs were mixed in a high‐speed mixer from two flours, a strong breadmaking flour and a weak flour. Surfactants sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) and diacetyl tartrate esters of monoglyceride (DATEM) were added at three levels, and the air content, proofing dynamics, and baked loaf quality were evaluated. The air content of dough was proportional to headspace pressure in the mixer, while the strong flour occluded less air than the weak flour. Surfactants greatly improved the volume of baked loaves but appeared to have no significant effect on air incorporation during mixing. The addition of surfactants appeared to increase the rate of growth of the dough piece during proofing, possibly due to increased bubble breakup during mixing or to increased rates of mass transfer of CO₂ into bubbles during proofing.  相似文献   

Frozen and Unfrozen Water Contents of Wheat Flours and Their Components     

Alma Delia Roman‐Gutierrez  Stphane Guilbert  Bernard Cuq 《Cereal Chemistry》2002,79(4):471-475

The properties of frozen and unfrozen water in two different wheat flours (hard and soft), and in their main components (gluten, starch, damaged starch, water‐soluble and water‐insoluble pentosans), were described using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). As a reference, enthalpy values of crystallization (298 J/g) and melting (335 J/g) of pure water were determined from the total heat flow curves. The separation of thermal events between the reversing and nonreversing heat flows with modulated DSC was not effective due to disturbances in the modulated temperature scan. For wheat flours and their components, linear regressions described well the changes in frozen water content calculated from enthalpies of freezing (R² = 0.970–0.982) or melting (R² = 0.783–0.996). The unfrozen water content (UFWC) calculated for the hard wheat flour (29–31%, db) was close to that calculated for the soft wheat flour (30–32%). The UFWC of wheat gluten (38–47%), starch (38–42%), damaged starch (37–40%), water‐soluble pentosans (51%), and water‐insoluble pentosans (40–44%) were higher than the corresponding values for the flours. The simple summation of the contributions of each component cannot be used to estimate the overall behavior of flours.  相似文献   

Contribution of Specific Flour Components to Water Vapor Adsorption Properties of Wheat Flours     

Alma Delia Roman‐Gutierrez  Frdric Mabille  Stphane Guilbert  Bernard Cuq 《Cereal Chemistry》2003,80(5):558-563

The dynamic water vapor adsorption properties were determined for two wheat flours (hard wheat flour and soft wheat flour) and compared with those of flour components (starch, damaged starch, gluten, water‐soluble pentosans, and water‐insoluble pentosans). Water vapor adsorption rates were determined from the changes in sample mass as a function of time during hydration after a step increase in relative humidity (rh). It was not possible to significantly discriminate the selected products by initial rates of adsorption (5.1 × 10^‐2 to 6.4 × 10^‐2 g/100 g of dry matter/min), except the water‐insoluble pentosans that were characterized by high values of adsorption rates (14 × 10^‐2 g/100 g of dry matter/min). Changes in initial relative humidity conditions and %rh step sizes induced significant changes in adsorption rates. Calculations of apparent water diffusion coefficients were done using a derived form of Fick's law for polydisperse spherical particles. Apparent water diffusion coefficients (at 25°C and 60% rh) were estimated between 2.19 × 10^‐15 and 3.72 × 10^‐15 m²/sec for the selected wheat flours. Water‐insoluble pentosans are characterized by the highest values of diffusion coefficients (1.53 × 10^‐13 m²/sec) when compared with the other wheat components. The calculated values of apparent water diffusion coefficient were discussed in regard to experimental conditions.  相似文献