Relationship between cyanogenic compounds in kernels, leaves, and roots of sweet and bitter kernelled almonds     

Dicenta F  Martínez-Gómez P  Grané N  Martín ML  León A  Cánovas JA  Berenguer V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(7):2149-2152

The relationship between the levels of cyanogenic compounds (amygdalin and prunasin) in kernels, leaves, and roots of 5 sweet-, 5 slightly bitter-, and 5 bitter-kernelled almond trees was determined. Variability was observed among the genotypes for these compounds. Prunasin was found only in the vegetative part (roots and leaves) for all genotypes tested. Amygdalin was detected only in the kernels, mainly in bitter genotypes. In general, bitter-kernelled genotypes had higher levels of prunasin in their roots than nonbitter ones, but the correlation between cyanogenic compounds in the different parts of plants was not high. While prunasin seems to be present in most almond roots (with a variable concentration) only bitter-kernelled genotypes are able to transform it into amygdalin in the kernel. Breeding for prunasin-based resistance to the buprestid beetle Capnodis tenebrionis L. is discussed.  相似文献   

Combined use of gliadins and SSRs to analyse the genetic variability of the Spanish collection of cultivated diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum)     

Magdalena Ruiz  Edurne Aguiriano  Rosario Fité  Jose M. Carrillo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1849-1860

This work studied the combined use of gliadins and SSRs to analyse inter- and intra-accession variability of the Spanish collection of cultivated einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) maintained at the CRF-INIA. In general, gliadin loci presented higher discrimination power than SSRs, reflecting the high variability of the gliadins. The loci on chromosome 6A were the most polymorphic with similar PIC values for both marker systems, showing that these markers are very useful for genetic variability studies in wheat. The gliadin results indicated that the Spanish einkorn collection possessed high genetic diversity, being the differentiation large between varieties and small within them. Some associations between gliadin alleles and geographical and agro-morphological data were found. Agro-morphological relations were also observed in the clusters of the SSRs dendrogram. A high concordance was found between gliadins and SSRs for genotype identification. In addition, both systems provide complementary information to resolve the different cases of intra-accession variability not detected at the agro-morphological level, and to identify separately all the genotypes analysed. The combined use of both genetic markers is an excellent tool for genetic resource evaluation in addition to agro-morphological evaluation.  相似文献   

Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter from Sewage Sludge using 3D-Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometric Tools     

Julio Martin-Mata  Raúl Moral  Angel Torres-Climent  Encarnación Martínez-Sabater  Concepción Paredes 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):188-196

The aim of the present article is to show the possibilities of chemometric tools and the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model, as well as to understand the complexities of the fluorescence emission-excitation matrix (EEM) of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) extracted from sewage sludge samples obtained with different origins and stabilization procedures. The variation in the composition of WSOM in the different sewage sludge samples could be correlated with the conditions of stabilization; therefore, the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor these changes can be a useful tool to optimize the management of this residual flux, avoiding environmental pollution. However, the “contour density” EEM maps obtained with fluorescence present continuous spectra with different peaks, valleys, and shoulders where manual peak picking can be complicated and subjective, especially in complex matrixes such as sewage sludge. With the PARAFAC algorithm, it is possible to resolve the emission and excitation spectra of the different fluorescence components present in the samples and their contribution to the total fluorescence. Also, the contribution (scores) of the different fluorophors can be coupled with another chemometric tool to provide an effective classification method using the stabilization conditions of sewage sludge as main criterion. In this study, a wide survey of sewage sludge samples (287) was characterized by fluorescence emission-excitation matrix. The final molecular composition of the sewage sludge samples was not related to the stabilization (aerobic vs anaerobic) treatments. However, a sewage sludge classification based on a combined spectroscopic-chemometric approach was obtained, which could be used for the optimization of sewage sludge use in agriculture, minimizing the environmental risks.  相似文献   

Interactive effect between Cu‐adapted arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biotreated agrowaste residue to improve the nutritional status of Oenothera picensis growing in Cu‐polluted soils          下载免费PDF全文

Sebastián Meier  Pablo Cornejo  Paula Cartes  Fernando Borie  Jorge Medina  Rosario Azcón 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2015,178(1):126-135

The interactive effect of sugar beet (SB) agrowaste and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation in response to increasing Cu levels was evaluated in the metallophyte Oenothera picensis. Plants were grown in a Cu‐added soil (0, 100, or 500 mg Cu kg^?1), in presence or absence of SB, and inoculated with: (1) indigenous Cu adapted mycorrhiza (IM) isolated from Cu‐polluted soils; (2) Claroideoglomus claroideum (CC); or (3) maintained uninoculated (control). Sugar beet application produced an increase in shoot biomass of 2 to 7 times, improving plant nutritional status and allowing their survival at the highest Cu concentrations. Moreover, AM fungi utilization had a positive effect promoting the plant establishment; nevertheless, Cu plant concentration as well as the mycorrhizal development in terms of AM colonization, AM spore density, and glomalin production were strictly dependent of the AM fungi strains used. Remarkable differences between AM fungi strains were observed at the highest soil Cu level where only plants colonized by IM were able to survive and grow when no SB residue was added. An interactive effect between AM fungi and SB produced a higher plant growth than plants without the amendment application, improving the plant establishment and allowing their survival at highest copper concentrations, suggesting that this combination could be used as a biotechnological tool for the phytoremediation of Cu‐polluted soils.  相似文献   

Efficacy of moxidectin 1% injectable against natural infection of Sarcoptes scabiei in sheep.     

M R Hidalgo Argüello  N Díez-Ba?os  B Martínez-González  F A Rojo-Vázquez 《Veterinary parasitology》2001,102(1-2):143-150

Thirty ewes naturally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei var. ovis, were allocated into three groups of 10 animals each. Animals in groups B and C were treated on day 0 and on days 0 and +10, respectively, with moxidectin 1% injectable at a dose of 0.2mg moxidectin/kg body weight (BW). Group A remained untreated. Seven days before treatment, the geometric mean of Sarcoptes scabiei var. ovis per square centimeter of skin in groups A, B and C were not significantly different. From the day of treatment to the end of the trial, the average number of mites/cm(2) increased in untreated animals and decreased in groups B and C, but these values were higher for group C. Active lesions produced by S. scabiei var. ovis consistently increased during the trial in the untreated animals; in group B the minimum count occurred on day +56 this reduction being more evident in group C (no lesions on days +49 and +56). Also in this group, the number of cured animals was 100%, therefore, the application of two treatments with moxidectin (group C) showed higher efficacy than a single treatment (group B). Body condition score decreased in the three experimental groups along the trial. All animals were individually weighed on days -1, +28 and at the end of the trial. No adverse reactions were observed in the animals treated with 0.2mg moxidectin/kg BW.  相似文献   

Trial of benzotriazepines and quinazolines obtained by synthesis on bacterial populations     

H G García-Quintana  D Barrera  M Polette  R Martínez 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1987,34(5):341-346

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Comparative study of embryonal development in 2 oviparous and 1 ovoviviparous species (Gallus gallus, Coturnix c. japonica and Liolaemus tenuis t.)     

P Lemus  R Martín  M J Blánquez  M Fuenzalida  J Illanes 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1984,13(3):252-260

In a study of the development of two oviparous species (domestic chicken and Japanese quail) and one ovoviviparous species (a common lizard), the relationship to alterations in egg size and weight during incubation was examined. It was observed, as reported by others that the avian egg diminishes in size during incubation, but that the lizard egg increases in size and weight. This investigation examines these relationships and suggests that the increase in the size and weight of the lizard egg is a result of an increase of liquid content. The mechanism is discussed.  相似文献   

Persistent efficacy of doramectin against Haemonchus contortus in goats     

Molina JM  Ruiz A  Fuentes P  González JF  Martín S  Hernández YI 《The Veterinary record》2005,156(14):448-450

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Identification of viral pathogens in aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets from cases of swine reproductive failure in Spain     

Maldonado J  Segalés J  Martínez-Puig D  Calsamiglia M  Riera P  Domingo M  Artigas C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,169(3):23-456

The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of recognised abortifacient viruses such as porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV), Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), in tissues from aborted fetuses and stillborn neonates in cases of late reproductive failure in swine. A total of 293 specimens (fetuses aborted in the last third of gestation and stillborn piglets) from 100 different cases of late-term abortions and premature farrowing from 15 different Spanish provinces were studied. PRRSV was detected in 9/100 cases by RT-PCR. Only 1/100 cases analysed (corresponding to a late-term aborted fetus with a negative PRRSV RT-PCR result) was positive for PCV2 by PCR. Neither ADV (monitored by viral isolation plus antigen detection) nor PPV (monitored by ELISA antigen capture test) infection was identified. The results suggest that PRRSV is one of the most important infectious agents, if not the most relevant one, associated with fetal infection leading to abortion or premature farrowing in Spain. Moreover, other viral pathogens such as ADV, PPV and PCV2 seem to have a minor impact on reproductive disease.  相似文献   

Cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane in horses     

Santos M  López-Sanromán J  García-Iturralde P  Fuente M  Tendillo FJ 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(6):355-359

OBJECTIVE: To determine the cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane (DES) in horses. ANIMALS: Six healthy adult horses, three males and three females, aged 9 +/- 4 (mean +/- SD) years and weighing 370 +/- 36 kg. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anaesthesia was induced with an O2 (10 L minute(-1)) and DES mixture (vaporizer setting 18%). After oro-tracheal intubation, horses were positioned in right lateral recumbency. Anaesthesia was maintained with DES in O2 (20 mL kg(-1) minute(-1)) delivered through a large animal circle breathing system. The minimum alveolar concentration of DES (MAC(DES)) that prevented purposeful movement in response to 60 seconds of electrical stimulation of the oral mucous membranes was determined for each horse. The delivered concentration of DES was then increased to achieve end-tidal concentrations corresponding to 1.5 x MAC(DES), 1.75 x MAC(DES), and 2.0 x MAC(DES). Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (fr), tidal volume (VT), minute volume (VM) and core temperature were determined, and blood samples for arterial blood gas analysis taken at each DES concentration. All data were analysed by two-way anova for repeated measures and Fisher's test for multiple comparisons. A probability level of p < 0.05 was applied. RESULTS: Desflurane concentrations of 2.0 x MAC(DES) increased HR whereas lower concentrations did not. Mean arterial pressure was not affected by 1.0 x MAC(DES) 1.5 x MAC(DES) or 1.75 x MAC(DES), whereas it decreased at 2.0 x MAC(DES). All concentrations of DES examined significantly depressed fr, VT and VM. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Desflurane concentrations between 1.0 and 1.75 x MAC(DES) reduces fr and VM but does not affect HR or MAP in horses.  相似文献