Effect of Density at Harvest on the Growth Performance and Profitability of Hatchery‐reared Spotted Rose Snapper,Lutjanus guttatus,Cultured in Floating Net Cages          下载免费PDF全文

Carlos Humberto Hernández  Crisantema Hernández  Francisco Javier Martínez‐Cordero  Nicolás Castañeda‐Lomas  Guillermo Rodríguez‐Domínguez  Albert G. J. Tacon  Eugenio Alberto Aragón‐Noriega 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(1):51-60

This study evaluated the effect of the density at harvest on the performance and profitability of hatchery‐reared spotted rose snapper cultured in cages. The fish were stocked at harvest densities of 15, 20, and 22 kg/m³ in cages of 222 and 286 m³. More than 39,000 snapper fingerlings with an initial weight of 14 g were stocked. The fish were fed an extruded diet and cultured over a 360 d period. The thermal growth coefficient ranged from 0.04 to 0.05 and survival was 95% for all treatments, with the highest final weight (436.8 g) observed for fish reared at a density of 20 kg/m³. The allometric value b indicated that hatchery‐raised, cage‐cultured snapper were heavier than their wild counterparts. The major costs were feed (ranging from 44.7–45.9%), labor (22.4–32.6%), and seed costs (20.2–26.1%). The total production cost ranged from US$ 6.5 to US$ 7.5/kg. The baseline scenario was not economically feasible. However, a 10% increase in the sales price resulted in increases in the internal rate of return (183%) and net present value (US$ 97,628.9). These results suggest that L. guttatus has the potential for commercial production in cages.  相似文献   

Reflected‐light Influences the Coloration of the Peppermint Shrimp,Lysmata boggessi (Decapoda: Caridea)          下载免费PDF全文

Natalia S. Calvo  Magaly RoldÁn‐Luna  Jorge A. Argáez‐Sosa  Gemma L. Martínez‐Moreno  Maite Mascaró  Nuno Simões 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(5):701-711

One alternative to contribute to the reduction of the pressure on coral reef ecosystems brought about by an increasing demand for marine aquarium ornamentals is to improve and further develop the culture of desirable species for trade. Peppermint shrimp from the genus Lysmata are among the most intensively traded decapod in the trade and while several studies have been conducted to improve its culture, individuals obtained from culture facilities are generally paler than those collected from the wild. Because color is a fundamental component of the price tag on most marine ornamental live species, poorly colored animals command a lower price, reducing competitiveness. In this study, we evaluate the influence of tank background color (reflected light) on the morphological coloration change of Lysmata boggessi. In a 15‐d experiment, 30 individuals were exposed either to reflected‐red or white light and the relative change of coloration between initial and final moments was quantified with photography (RGB color model). At the end of the experimental period, shrimp exposed to red‐reflected light presented a more intense red coloration than those exposed to white‐reflected light. These results demonstrate that a simple change in background tank color can enhance shrimp external coloration. Such a cheap‐to‐implement procedure can support the culture of more colorful, hence more valuable ornamental shrimp that can compete with those captured from the wild.  相似文献   

Physiological and sanitary condition of the white clam Dosinia ponderosa collected from a coastal area impacted by shrimp farm effluent     

Marcel Martínez-Porchas  Susana Maria Scheuren-Acevedo  Luis Rafael Martínez-Córdova  Teresa Gollas-Galvan  Ramon H. Barraza-Guardado  Fernando Enríquez-Ocaña  Edilmar Cortés-Jacinto  Marco A. Porchas-Cornejo 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(1):243-256

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Mixed effects modeling of the disposition of gentamicin across domestic animal species     

Martín-Jiménez T  Riviere JE 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2001,24(5):321-332

An interspecies pharmacokinetic model for gentamicin was developed using the mixed effects modeling approach and serum disposition data obtained from the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD). Data that met a priori quality criteria was obtained from the database and analysed using the traditional double logarithmic analysis and the mixed effects modeling approach. Body weight, brain weight and fever were the covariates of interest in our study. Population pharmacokinetic models across species were developed and validated with swine data. The parameter volume of distribution was modeled as a function of body weight. The total clearance was initially modeled as a function of body weight. The predictability performance of the model improved dramatically when the parameter brain weight was included in the covariate model for clearance. This was a surprising finding worthy of further study. The covariate fever seemed to influence the magnitude of the volume of distribution, although the scarcity of data pertaining to diseased animals makes this finding uncertain. We conclude that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs such as gentamicin, can be predicted across species using a population pharmacokinetics modeling approach, and that clinical features that affect species in a similar manner can be also explored in this fashion.  相似文献   

Identification of optimal regions for phylogenetic studies on VP1 gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus: analysis of types A and O Argentinean viruses     

Núñez JI  Martín MJ  Piccone ME  Carrillo E  Palma EL  Dopazo J  Sobrino F 《Veterinary research》2001,32(1):31-45

An analysis of the informative content of sequence stretches on the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VPI gene was applied to two important viral serotypes: A and O. Several sequence regions were identified to allow the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees equivalent to those derived from the whole VPI gene. The optimal informative regions for sequence windows of 150 to 250 nt were predicted between positions 250 and 550 of the gene. The sequences spanning the 250 nt of the 3' end (positions 400 to 650), extensively used for FMDV phylogenetic analyses, showed a lower informative content. In spite of this, the use of sequences from this region allowed the derivation of phylogenetic trees for type A and type O FMDVs which showed topologies similar to those previously reported for the whole VP1 gene. When the sequences determined for viruses isolated in Argentina, between 1990 and 1993, were included in these analyses, the results obtained revealed features of the circulation of type A and type O viruses in the field, in the months that preceded the eradication of the disease in this country. Type A viruses were closely related to an Argentinean vaccine strain, and defined an independent cluster within this serotype. Among the type O viruses analysed, two groups were distinguished; one was closely related to the South American vaccine strains, while the other was grouped with viruses of the O3 subtype. In addition, a detailed phylogeny for type A FMDV is presented.  相似文献   

Use of touch-down polymerase chain reaction to enhance the sensitivity of Mycobacterium bovis detection.   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Martín J Zumárraga  Virginia Meikle  Amelia Bernardelli  Alejandro Abdala  Hector Tarabla  María I Romano  Angel Cataldi 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2005,17(3):232-238

The confirmatory diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in animal samples is carried out by culture in Stonebrink media. However, culture is very slow because of the extremely long duplication time of the bacillus and difficult because of the scarcity of bacilli in diagnostic samples. This study describes the development of a single-tube touch-down polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the detection of M. bovis using primers that target the IS6110 element. Spiked water and milk as well as routine diagnostic samples (milk and nasal swabs) from M. bovis-positive cattle were tested. This protocol allows the rapid and sensitive detection of M. bovis in bovine samples by enhancing the sensitivity of standard PCR amplification.  相似文献   

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in a rabbit doe (Oryctolagus cuniculus).     

B Peris  V García  E Blas  P Segura  J Martínez  J M Corpa 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2005,17(3):256-258

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is an infrequent condition of animals characterized by the existence of numerous thin-walled, gas-filled cystic structures within the intestinal wall and adjacent lymph nodes. Microscopically, the cystic structures appear to be dilated lymphatics located in the lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis, subserosa, mesentery, and mesenteric lymph nodes. This report describes a case of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in a rabbit doe from an organic farm where 20 rabbit does were fed ad libitum with a natural diet consisting of whole barley, pea beans, alfalfa hay, and a pelleted vitamin-mineral blend. A combination of nutritional, bacterial, and other factors are hypothesized as possible predisposing factors in the development of PCI.  相似文献   

Field evaluation of the single intradermal cervical tuberculin test and the interferon-gamma assay for detection and eradication of bovine tuberculosis in Spain     

González Llamazares OR  Gutiérrez Martín CB  Alvarez Nistal D  de la Puente Redondo VA  Domínguez Rodríguez L  Rodríguez Ferri EF 《Veterinary microbiology》1999,70(1-2):55-66

A field comparison of the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assay and the single intradermal cervical tuberculin (SICT) test for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis was conducted. A total of 1136 cattle belonging to 85 herds placed in 'Castilla y León' (northwestern Spain) were chosen, and 21 of these herds were subjected to the diagnostic assays two or three times at intervals of at least 4 months. All the animals positive to any of the tests were slaughtered and tuberculosis was confirmed by culture isolation method (CIM) and further identification by means of PCR. Only 10.6% of cattle reacted with the bovine PPD in the SICT test, a percentage that increased to 12.8% in the IFN-gamma assay. The sensitivity of the IFN-gamma assay compared to CIM was shown to be higher (84.9%) than that of the SICT test (80.2%), but the combination of both tests offered the highest sensitivity (92.9%). The number of false positive reactors (those animals in which CIM was negative) was considerably higher for the IFN-gamma assay than for the SICT test and, conversely, the number of false negative animals (M. bovis isolation but negative immunological result) was higher for the skin test than for the interferon assay. In the herds tested twice, tuberculosis was eradicated after the second cycle of testing in 50%, and in 75% after the third cycle in herds tested three times. The combination of these two techniques instead of separately seems, therefore, to be useful in eradication programmes against bovine tuberculosis.  相似文献   

Liver pathology and immune response in experimental Fasciola hepatica infections of goats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Martínez-Moreno A  Jiménez-Luque V  Moreno T  Redondo ES  de las Mulas JM  Pérez J 《Veterinary parasitology》1999,82(1):19-33

The relationship between the immune response and the pathogenesis of the disease was studied in different primary and secondary experimental Fasciola hepatica infections of goats. The establishment of the infection, measured as percentage of recovered flukes at the necropsy, was similar in primarily and secondarily infected animals (between 19.7% and 24.3%), but the hepatic damage was much more severe in secondarily infected goats, as revealed by the levels of serum hepatic enzymes GGT and LDH. Primary infection evolves to chronic fasciolosis that did not induce the development of resistance, since goats were highly susceptible to secondary infection, showing severe acute and chronic hepatic lesions that led to the death of some animals in each group. The immune response to the infection was proved by the production of specific IgG antibodies to ESP of F. hepatica and the involvement of CD3+ T lymphocytes and lambda IgG+ plasma cells in the hepatic infiltrate. Secondary infection did not induce any difference in either IgG response or in the cellular composition of the infiltrate of hepatic lesions, although this was much more extended. However, neither antibodies nor cell-mediated response were protective: there was no correlation between IgG levels and fluke burden and there was no evidence of cell-mediated killing of the parasite. This suggests the existence of some immune evasion mechanisms in goat infection with F. hepatica. The parasite may depress the local inflammatory and immune response, as suggested by the scarcity of CD3+ T cells in the infiltrate surrounding acute migratory tunnels. Moreover, in secondary infected goats can be suspected an immunological damage of the liver, since a very severe infiltrate of immune cells replaced wide areas of hepatic parenchyma and an immune-mediated damage of hepatocytes could occur.  相似文献   

Humoral response (IgG) of goats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica against cysteine proteinases of adult fluke     

Ruiz A  Molina JM  González J  Martínez-Moreno FJ  Gutiérrez PN  Martínez-Moreno A 《Veterinary research》2003,34(4):435-443

The use of cysteine proteinases from Fasciola hepatica adult flukes for the serodiagnosis of caprine fasciolosis by means of an indirect ELISA test was studied. Two proteolytic fractions from adult fluke homogenates, with apparent molecular weights of 28 and 34 kDa (P28 and P34 respectively), were characterised as cysteine proteinases using azocasein assays and gelatin gel analysis. Both P28 and P34 fractions were electroluted and used as antigens in two different indirect ELISA tests. Serum IgG levels against P28 and P34 in goats given an experimental primary infection with 200 metacercariae or in goats given two experimental infections with 200 metacercariae were determined and compared with those observed in an uninfected control group. ELISA tests using both cysteine proteases showed a rapid and consistent detection of specific IgG in all experimentally infected goats. The IgG response to P28 was the first to be detected as early as 2-3 weeks post-infection and remained elevated throughout the experiment. The response to P34 was detected later (4-6 wpi) and disappeared in some animals at 18 wpi, while flukes were still present in the bile ducts. No significant differences were observed between the anti-P28 and anti-P34 IgG responses between animals receiving a primary or a challenge infection. The results of our study, although preliminary, are promising since the P28 ELISA described here may be a reliable method for the immunodiagnosis of F. hepatica infection in goats.  相似文献