Heritability and phenotypic variation of double seeds in almond (Prunus dulcis)     

P. J. Martínez-García  E. Ortega  T. Cremades  F. Dicenta 《Euphytica》2014,198(1):91-99

In almond, the presence of double seeded nuts significantly reduces their commercial value. For this reason, in breeding programs of this species, seedlings producing double seeds are usually eliminated. In order to avoid this trait in the offspring and increase the efficiency of the breeding programs it is important to know its genetic control. In this work, heritability of double seeds was estimated by midparent–offspring regression (narrow sense, h²) and by variance components analysis (broad sense, H²) for 3 years, in a population with a combination of full-sib and half-sib offspring coming from eight crosses designed for this objective. Heritability was high by both methods every year, and the values calculated by variance components were higher than those estimated by regression. The average ratio h²/H² 0.69 implies some influence of a non-additive effect for this trait, such as dominance and environmental effect. In this case, the influence of the temperatures preceding blooming on the percentage of double seeds can be inferred from our results, with lower temperatures increasing the percentage of double seeds. In the crosses between parents with high percentage of double seeds a normal (Gaussian) phenotypic distribution was observed. For crosses between one parent without double seeds and parents with high-medium percentage of double seeds a right-skew distribution (L-shaped) was observed, and certain transgressive segregation was observed in the descendants. This transgressive segregation was confirmed when both parents presented null percentage of double seeds. The results confirmed the complex architecture of this trait transmitted quantitatively, where additive, non-additive and genotype-by-environment interaction effects play an important role.  相似文献   

In vivo and in vitro assessment of Lactobacillus acidophilus as probiotic for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus,Perciformes:Cichlidae) culture improvement     

L Villamil  C Reyes  M A Martínez‐Silva 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(7):1116-1125

In this study, the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a probiotic for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture was studied. Fish survival and the expression of some genes involved in the immune response were assessed. Diet supplementation with L. acidophilus for 15 days caused a significant increase in fish survival during a challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila and variations in immune response related to IL‐1β and transferrin expression in Nile tilapia spleen and kidney. Moreover, extracellular products (ECPs) of L. acidophilus showed high antibacterial activity against fish pathogens such as A. hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae in vitro. It was also observed that viable L. acidophilus was able to disrupt quorum sensing activity in Chromobacterium violaceum.  相似文献   

Response of Sorghum halepense demographic processes to plant density and rimsulfuron dose in maize          下载免费PDF全文

J Barroso  B D Maxwell  J Dorado  D Andújar  C San Martín  C Fernández‐Quintanilla 《Weed Research》2016,56(4):304-312

In spatially heterogeneous weed infestations, variable dose technologies could be used to minimise herbicide use; high doses could be applied to reduce high‐density patches and low doses to maintain weed populations in low‐density portions of a field. To assess the potential short‐ and long‐term effects of variable herbicide dose and site‐specific management, the major weed demographic processes were described and parameterised in this study. Various doses of rimsulfuron (from 0 to 12.5 g a.i. ha^?1) were applied to different densities of Sorghum halepense (0–100 plants m^?2). Contrary to similar studies with other weed species, higher herbicide efficacy was not observed at low densities, suggesting that the same rimsulfuron dose should be applied regardless of the S. halepense density. The highest percentage of control was obtained with the full rimsulfuron dose. However, it did not guarantee a decrease of the infestation in the following season in the field areas where the initial S. halepense density was lower than 60 plants m^?2. Reduced doses of rimsulfuron to control S. halepense cannot be recommended based on our results.  相似文献   

A non-lethal method for establishing sexual maturation in mussels (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mytilus</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">galloprovincialis</Emphasis> (Lamarck, 1819)) during broodstock conditioning in hatcheries     

Inés Martínez-Pita  Clara Sánchez-Lazo  Marcelino Herrera 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(5):1247-1254

The concentration of the sex steroids 17β-estradiol, testosterone and progesterone was determined by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in the hemolymph of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and related to its sexual maturation. A non-lethal hemolymph sampling procedure was used in mussels matured in controlled conditions of a hatchery. To our knowledge, this is the first study on sexual steroid hormones of a bivalve species using the same specimens in consecutive samplings. Histological data showed that nearly 90 % of the mussels ripened during the experiment. Steroid analyses revealed that 17β-estradiol and testosterone were closely related to the onset of gamete development, while progesterone would have an important role at the end of gonadal maturity. This method can be used to assess sexual maturation in bivalves when conditioning in hatcheries, without killing them.  相似文献   

Evolution of the corpus luteum volume determined ultrasonographically and its relation to the plasma progesterone concentration after artificial insemination in pregnant and non-pregnant dairy cows     

C. Gómez-Seco  B. Alegre  F. Martínez-Pastor  J. G. Prieto  J. R. González-Montaña  M. E. Alonso  J. C. Domínguez 《Veterinary research communications》2017,41(3):183-188

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of the evolution of the corpus luteum (CL) volume that was determined ultrasonographically with the pregnancy status in lactating dairy cows during early pregnancy. Ultrasound examinations were carried out on 76 cows following artificial insemination (AI). Plasma concentrations of progesterone were determined from blood samples collected at each ultrasound examination. Conception was confirmed by ultrasonography on day 30 after AI. Around day 14 post-insemination (p.i.), the CL volume tended to decrease in pregnant and non-pregnant cows, and, after day 19 p.i., both groups differed significantly, indicating the luteal regression in non-pregnant cows. Reaching signification on day 20. The diminution in CL volume was also reflected in the plasma progesterone concentration. However, the patterns of CL volume, estimated by ultrasonography, differed more evidently and earlier between both groups (around 1 week p.i., at day 9 p.i. P < 0.05, whereas progesterone started to differ around 2 weeks p.i., at day 14 p.i, P < 0.05). These results indicate that the estimation of the CL volume by ultrasonography could be useful for assessing the presence of a functional CL.  相似文献   

Response of wheat seedlings to Mn‐lignosulfonate adhered to granular NPK          下载免费PDF全文

Lourdes Hernández‐Apaolaza  Diego Martín‐Ortiz  Agustín Gárate 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(1):113-119

Manganese (Mn) deficiency is a widespread crop micronutrient disorder. The aim of this work was to evaluate two NPK fertilizers coated with Mn that eliminate the specific labor cost for applying Mn and that allow the correction of Mn deficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two Mn sources [MnSO₄ and Mn‐lignosulfonate (MnLS)] were compared as NPK coatings at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0% (w/w) in hydroponic, perlite, and soil pot cultures under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions with wheat to evaluate the effects on dry matter production and Mn concentrations. For the NPK+MnLS product, 52–63% of the total Mn remained in solution at calcareous conditions. However, the NPK+MnSO₄ product was able to maintain only 14–25% of the total Mn added in solution. As expected, the MnLS product resulted in higher Mn concentrations in shoots than the MnSO₄ product due to the Mn complexation by lignosulfonate which preserved Mn from precipitation and maintained it available for plants. In the experiment with perlite as growth substrate, at low Mn dose (0.1% Mn) a similar Mn concentration in wheat shoots was found (57 mg kg^?1 DW for the MnSO₄ coating versus 72 mg kg^?1 DW for MnLS coating), but at the highest dose (1.0% Mn) the NPK+MnLS showed a significant increase in shoot Mn concentration (167 versus 132 mg kg^?1 DW). Soil application of coated NPK products showed similar Mn concentrations in shoots with both Mn sources (29–37 mg kg^?1 DW), except for the NPK+MnSO₄ (0.1%) treatment (only 18 mg kg^?1 DW). Based on the recommended Fe/Mn values (Fe : Mn ratio = 1.5–2.5) given in the literature for plants with a correct nutrition, only the NPK+MnLS (0.3%) fulfilled this ratio (Fe : Mn = 2.5).  相似文献   

Osmotic potential at full turgor: an easily measurable trait to help breeders select for drought tolerance in wheat          下载免费PDF全文

Kyle B. Mart  Erik J. Veneklaas  Helen Bramley 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(3):279-285

This study investigated the relationship between osmotic potential at full hydration (π₁₀₀) and turgor loss point (Ψ_TLP) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) to determine the potential of using π₁₀₀ to predict Ψ_TLP under well‐watered (WW) and drought (WS) conditions. Two methods for determining π₁₀₀ were tested: pressure–volume (PV) analysis and freezing point osmometry. The study also measured π₁₀₀ in a range of 38 field‐grown wheat cultivars to determine whether there is genetic variation in π₁₀₀ under field conditions. π₁₀₀ correlated with Ψ_TLP using both methods under both water treatments, particularly WS. Genetic variation of π₁₀₀ in the field, under rainfed conditions, was greater than controlled conditions and ranged from ?0.94 to ?1.95 MPa. Overall, the evidence supports development of π₁₀₀ as a novel tool for plant breeders to screen large populations of wheat and identify genotypes with lower Ψ_TLP, an integrative trait that is related to drought tolerance.  相似文献   

Unravelling the ambiguous reproductive biology of Paspalum malacophyllum: a decades old story clarified     

D. H. Hojsgaard  B. L. Burson  C. L. Quarin  E. J. Martínez 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(6):1063-1071

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Traditional management of a small-scale crop of Physalis angulata in Western Mexico     

Ofelia Vargas-Ponce  José Sánchez Martínez  María del Pilar Zamora Tavares  Luis Enrique Valdivia Mares 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(8):1383-1395

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Use of the synthetic Oligo-pTa535 and Oligo-pAs1 probes for identification of Hordeum chilense-origin chromosomes in hexaploid tritordeum     

Andreia Delgado  Ana Carvalho  Azahara Carmen Martín  Antonio Martín  José Lima-Brito 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(6):945-951

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