Periweaning failure to thrive in pigs in Spain     

Segalés J  Martínez J  Vidal E  Kekarainen T  Bragulat J  Quintilla C  Finestra A 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(19):499

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Evaluation of pulmonary function in European land tortoises using whole-body plethysmography     

AL Valente  A Martínez-Silvestre  L García-Guasch  A Riera-Tort  I Marco  S Lavin  R Cuenca 《The Veterinary record》2012,171(6):154

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of whole-body plethysmography as a non-invasive method to determine the respiratory parameters and profiles in two tortoise species belonging to the genus Testudo. Pulmonary functions and volumetric parameters were determined in 10 adults of Testudo hermanni and in seven Testudo marginata animals, using whole-body plethysmography. A profile pattern was regularly observed: an inspiratory flow peak, an expiratory peak, an apnoea phase and a second expiratory peak, previous to the beginning of the next respiratory cycle. Positive and significant correlation was observed between the inspiratory time, weight and length of the tortoises. Larger tortoises showed a higher time of inhalation. The peak of inspiratory flow was correlated with the sex, being longer in the females. T. marginata had an inspiratory time longer than that of T. hermanii. In T. hermanii, differences related to the sex were observed in the tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow, peak expiratory flow, expiratory flow of 50 per cent and enhanced pause, which could be related to the smaller size of males. The results suggest that additional information on new technologies currently used in pet medicine or even in human medicine should be developed and adjusted as alternative ways to support the rehabilitation of turtles and tortoises.  相似文献   

On-farm evaluation of the effect of coffee pulp supplementation on milk yield and dry matter intake of dairy cows grazing tropical grasses in central Mexico     

Pedraza-Beltrán P  Estrada-Flores JG  Martínez-Campos AR  Estrada-López I  Rayas-Amor AA  Yong-Angel G  Figueroa-Medina M  Nova FA  Castelán-Ortega OA 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):329-336

Tropical grasses are the primary nutrient resource for cattle production in the tropics, and they provide low-cost nutrients to cattle. However, its production is constrained by seasonal changes and quality; hence, appropriate usage of relatively inexpensive agricultural by-products is important to profitable livestock production. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing coffee pulp to dairy cows grazing tropical grasses on milk yield and forage intake. Four multiparous crossed Holstein–Brown Swiss–Zebu cows of similar weight and milk yield were used. The effect of 10%, 15% and 20% inclusion of coffee pulp in dairy concentrates on milk yield and forage intake was analysed using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Results showed that there were no significant effects (P > 0.05) in grass dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition body weight and body condition score due to the inclusion of coffee pulp in the dairy concentrates. It is concluded that coffee pulp can be included at levels of 20% in the concentrate without compromising significantly (P > 0.05) milk yield, milk composition and grass dry matter intake. It also was concluded that cost of concentrate is reduced in 20% by the inclusion of coffee pulp.  相似文献   

Effect of supplemental yeast culture and physiological factors on colostrum and milk composition of Pelibuey ewes     

Macedo RJ  Arredondo V  García F  Aguilar M  Prado O  Rodríguez R 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):349-354

The effects of supplemental yeast culture, litter size, stage and number of lactation on milk composition were studied in Pelibuey ewes. Twenty ewes were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments. Ten control ewes grazed on guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and were supplemented with concentrate. A further ten ewes received the same diet with 14 g/head/day of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Colostrum was collected within 24 h after parturition, and subsequently, milk samples were collected at fortnightly intervals (7, 21, 35, and 49 days). Total solids content averaged 32% in colostrum and 12.5% in milk. Colostrum of primiparous ewes had higher total solids content than that of ewes with more than five lactations. However, ewes with more than five lactations produced milk with higher net energy, total solids, protein, and casein than ewes with fewer lactations. Milk at 7 days had a significantly higher content of energy, total solids, and fat than milk at 21, 35, and 49 days. Total solids content was lower for ewes rearing one lamb than larger litter sizes. Supplementation with yeast culture did not affect the composition of colostrum and milk, which was mainly affected by the stage and number of lactation.  相似文献   

Use of a Laparoscopic Retrieval Device for Urolith Removal through a Perineal Urethrotomy     

Inés Martín Menéndez LVM  Gareth Fitch BVetMed  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(5):629-633

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Unexpected high responses to tuberculin skin-test in farmed red deer: implications for tuberculosis control     

Queiros J  Alvarez J  Carta T  Mateos A  Ortiz JA  Fernández-de-Mera IG  Martín-Hernando MP  Gortázar C 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,104(3-4):327-334

Tuberculosis (TB) in deer is a serious zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. Detection of infected animals is usually performed using single or comparative skin-testing (SST/CST), although false responses due to sensitization to other mycobacteria may occur, hampering diagnostic specificity. We describe the evolution of the responses to the SST, CST and to an in-house serological assay in a red deer farm subjected to regular TB testing in southern Spain in an attempt to understand the dynamics of possible non-specific reactions occurring under field conditions. We performed 2288 skin-tests and ELISAs in nine sampling periods between May 2009 and January 2011. In May 2010, a strong increase in skin fold thickness in response to avian purified protein derivative (PPD) (mean=4.0mm, 95% CI=3.5-4.5) and bovine PPD (mean=1.8mm, 95% CI=1.6-2.0) was observed in yearling deer hinds (n=150), compared to values recorded for the same individuals in November 2009 (avian PPD: mean=0.7 mm, 95% CI=0.6-0.8 and bovine PPD: mean=0.7 mm, 95% CI=0.6-0.7) and in January 2011 (avian PPD: mean=2.2mm, 95% CI=1.9-2.4 and bovine PPD: mean=1.1mm, 95% CI=1.0-1.2). Using SST, 54 animals (36%) of the yearlings tested in May 2010 would have been classified as positive reactors, while none of them was positive in the CST. The five animals with highest skin fold increases to mycobacterial antigens were culled and subjected to post-mortem analysis, which confirmed the absence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection but demonstrated the presence of environmental mycobacteria and closely related bacteria in four out of the five analyzed animals. Our results demonstrated how non-specific responses to mycobacterial antigens can adversely affect the specificity of TB diagnosis based on the SST. Thus, once TB infection has been ruled out using confirmatory techniques, application of comparative diagnostic tests is highly advisable to maximize test specificity and avoid the slaughter of false positive reactors.  相似文献   

Use of electrical stimulation to monitor lumbosacral epidural and intrathecal needle placement in rabbits     

PE Otero  DA Portela  JA Brinkyer  L Tarragona  AS Zaccagnini  SE Fuensalida  MR Ceballos 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(8):1137-1141

Objective-To determine the minimal electric threshold of neurostimulation dorsally and ventrally to the interarcuate ligament in the lumbosacral area necessary to cause muscle contraction of the hind limb or tail and determine whether a continuous electrical stimulation applied to an insulated needle during lumbosacral epidural needle placement could be used to distinguish the epidural from the intrathecal space in rabbits. Animals-24 New Zealand white rabbits. Procedures-Rabbits received iohexol (0.2 mL/kg) either dorsally (group 1) or ventrally to the interarcuate ligament in the lumbosacral area (groups 2 and 3). Correct placement of the needle was determined by use of the loss of resistance to injection technique (group 2) or a continuous electrical stimulation (group 3) and confirmed by examination of the iohexol distribution pattern on radiographs. Results-In all rabbits of group 1, iohexol was injected in the lumbosacral area, outside the epidural space. In groups 2 and 3, iohexol was injected intrathecally. No pure iohexol epidural migration of iohexol was observed. Mean ± SD minimal electric threshold to elicit a motor response was 1.2 ± 0.3 mA, 0.3 ± 0.1 mA, and 0.3 ± 0.1 mA in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Neurostimulation was a useful technique to determine correct intrathecal needle placement in rabbits but failed to detect the lumbosacral epidural space when the common technique, used in dogs and cats for the lumbosacral epidural approach, was used.  相似文献   

Pathology in practice. Dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy     

de la Fuente C  Shelton GD  Molín J  Pumarola M  Guo LT  Añor S 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(12):1423-1425

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Differential forage use between large native and domestic herbivores in Southern Patagonian Nothofagus forests     

Rosina Soler Esteban  Guillermo Martínez Pastur  María Vanessa Lencinas  Laura Borrelli 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,85(3):397-409

Plant—animal interactions at the landscape level become particularly relevant when land use is diversified. Nothofagus forests in southern Patagonia have been used for timber and cattle grazing purposes during the last century, causing livestock to increase (Bos taurus and Ovis aries) and large native herbivores, such as guanaco (Lama guanicoe), either maintained or decreased their populations. Within this scenario, feeding interactions between guanaco and domestic herbivores were analysed in a mosaic of open habitats and different Nothofagus forest types and management histories, whereby a total of six habitat types were identified through satellite image analysis. A total of 205 floristic surveys were conducted to characterize the plant species composition at the landscape level. Diet composition of herbivores was assessed once each season during a year, using microhistological analysis of feces. Results showed higher plant richness in open lands and lower in closed, unmanaged forests. Overall, 43 plant taxa were detected in herbivore feces, which represent 56% of plant richness detected in the field. Both guanacos and domestic herbivores included mainly grasses in their diet, which were found predominantly in open lands. Tree seedlings and saplings were consumed by all herbivores, as well, except during winter. Differential forage use between guanaco and domestic herbivores in southern Patagonian Nothofagus forests did exist. However, competition for available resources among theses herbivores resulted in an alternation of feeding sites, which varied throughout the year. Management plans in southern Southern Patagonia (livestock, silvopastoral plans and timber harvesting) do not consider the direct or indirect consequences on guanaco populations. The challenge, therefore, is to generate management decisions to avoid either guanacos or domestic herbivores from becoming detrimental to the sustainability of managed forested ecosystems.  相似文献   

Update on trematode infections in sheep     

Rojo-Vázquez FA  Meana A  Valcárcel F  Martínez-Valladares M 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,189(1):15-38

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