A review on phorate persistence, toxicity and remediation by bacterial communities     

Mohd A. DAR  Zahoor A. BABA  Garima KAUSHIK 《土壤圈》2022,32(1):171-183

Pesticides are an integral part in maintaining agriculture and horticultural productivity and play a vital role in meeting the increasing food, fiber, and fuel needs of the growing population. Globally, organophosphate pesticides(OPPs) are among the most common pesticides used due to their high proficiency and relatively low persistence in the environment. However, recent studies have reported problems due to pesticide use, e.g., phorate contamination of aquatic ecosystems(fresh and groundwater), sediments, fruits and vegetables, and forage crops. This review highlights many cases where phorate has been detected above its respective maximum residue limit values. Organophosphate pesticides, including phorate, have negative impacts on both the environment and human health. The ecological and public health concerns of recurrent pesticide utilization have encouraged the research related to environmental fate of pesticides.Bioremediation is an effective, eco-friendly, and financially viable approach for the decontamination and degradation of toxic OPPs from the environment,compared to the costly, unecological, and time-consuming physicochemical approaches, which lead to the generation of byproducts of higher toxicity.Researchers have recognized that a wide range of microbes, mainly bacteria, can degrade this extremely hazardous pesticide. Therefore, this review discusses the present pesticide scenarios, especially phorate contamination, its toxicity, biodegradation, and metabolic products via bacterial communities, both in India and globally. The latest and up-to-date literatures on the use, contamination, and bacterial application of phorate degradation are also summarized. This article offers national and international food safety organizations and public health authorities the ability to be involved in preventing the risks associated with the use of food and nutrition products contaminated with extremely toxic phorate pesticide. This article would also enable researchers to develop comprehensive and sustainable methods to effectively remediate pesticide-contaminated environments. In conclusion, it is envisaged that the successful application of bacterial communities for degradation of phorate would help in understanding the fate and persistence of such toxic pollutants in a better way.  相似文献   

Removal of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch     

Riry Wirasnita  Tony Hadibarata  Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff  Zulkifli Yusop 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(10):1-12

Land use specific deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols—particularly of reactive nitrogen compounds—are a fundamental input variable for a variety of deposition models. Although the concept is known to have shortcomings—especially with regard to bi-directional exchange—the often limited availability of concentration data and meteorological input variables make it a valuable simplification for regional modeling of deposition fluxes. In order to meet the demand for an up-to-date overview of recent publications on measurements and modeling studies, we compiled a database of ammonia (NH₃) deposition velocities published from 2004 to 2013. Observations from a total of 42 individual studies were averaged using an objective weighing scheme and classified into seven land use categories. Weighted average and median deposition velocities are 2.2 and 2.1 cm s^?1 for coniferous forests, 1.5 and 1.2 cm s^?1 for mixed forests, 1.1 and 0.9 cm s^?1 for deciduous forests, 0.9 and 0.7 cm s^?1 for semi-natural sites, 0.7 and 0.8 cm s^?1 for urban sites, 0.7 and 0.6 cm s^?1 for water surfaces, and 1.0 and 0.4 cm s^?1 for agricultural sites, respectively. Thus, values presented in this compilation were considerably lower than those found in former studies (e.g., VDI 2006). Reasons for the mismatch were likely due to different land use classification, different averaging methods, choices of measurement locations, and improvements in measurement and in modeling techniques. Both data and code used for processing are made available as supplementary material to this article.  相似文献   

Soy protein concentrate as an alternative in replacement of fish meal in the feeds of hybrid grouper,brown‐marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) × giant grouper (E. lanceolatus) juvenile          下载免费PDF全文

Norfazreena Mohd Faudzi  Annita Seok Kian Yong  Rossita Shapawi  Shigeharu Senoo  Amal Biswas  Kenji Takii 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):431-441

Hybrid grouper juveniles (body weight, 6.1 ± 0.7 g) (brown‐marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × giant grouper, E. lanceolatus) were fed with six isoproteic (50% crude protein) and isolipidic (12% crude lipid) feeds containing different levels of soy protein concentrate (SPC) in replacement of fish meal (SPC at 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% protein) and control feed (SPC0) for 6 weeks. Hybrid grouper juveniles were cultured in 100‐L fibreglass tank equipped with flow‐through water system and fed twice a day to apparent satiation level. The highest and lowest growth was recorded in fish fed SPC20 and SPC60 respectively. However, growth of SPC20 was not significantly higher than those fed SPC0, SPC30, SPC40 and SPC50 (p > .05). A decreasing growth trend was observed with the increasing level of SPC from feed SPC40 to SPC60. A noticeable better feed utilization was also observed in fish fed SPC0, SPC20, SPC30, SPC40 and SPC50 compared to fish fed SPC60 (p < .05). The fish condition factor, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index and whole body proximate content of the fish were not affected by the graded levels of SPC. However, the body lipid content was significantly lower in fish fed SPC40 to SPC60 (p < .05). The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein and lipid was significantly higher in fish fed SPC0 and SPC20 compared to other dietary treatments (p < .05). Based on the regression analysis on specific growth rate, the study suggests that the hybrid grouper grow best at 21.4% and can utilize up to 50% inclusion level of SPC in protein without significantly affect their growth and its body condition.  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletotrichum</Emphasis> spp. associated with chili anthracnose in peninsular Malaysia     

Nuraini Mohd Noor  Latiffah Zakaria 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,151(4):961-973

Anthracnose fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a serious post-harvest disease of chili fruits (Capsicum spp.). One hundred-thirty isolates of Colletotrichum spp. were isolated from anthracnose of green and red cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum) and bird’s eye chili (Capsicum frutescens). The isolates were morphologically identified as Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato (62 isolates), Colletotrichum truncatum (54 isolates), and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato (14 isolates). Molecular identification and phylogenetic analyses were based on internal transcribed spacer regions, β-tubulin, actin, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes, and the isolates were re-identified as C. scovillei (58 isolates), C. truncatum (54 isolates), C. siamense (11 isolates), C. fioriniae (four isolates), and C. fructicola (3 isolates). Maximum likelihood trees using combined sequences showed that isolates of the same species grouped in the same main clade with the isolates used for comparison. Pathogenicity testing showed that the tested isolates from each species were pathogenic towards green and red Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens upon treatment of wounded fruit, using both the mycelial plug and conidial suspension methods. Only five isolates of C. truncatum and seven isolates of C. scovillei were found to be pathogenic upon treatment of unwounded fruit. The occurrence of five Colletotrichum spp. (C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. scovillei, C. fioriniae, and C. truncatum) associated with chili anthracnose in Peninsular Malaysia indicates that correct species identification is important to formulate not only effective disease management, but also effective quarantine policy.  相似文献   

Surfactants in the Sea Surface Microlayer,Underlying Water and Atmospheric Particles of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems     

Royston Uning  Mohd Talib Latif  Kai Ling Yu  Sze Yin Cheng  Fatimah Ahamad  Md Firoz Khan  Edmand Andrew Bedurus  Suhaimi Suratman 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(9):305

This study aims to determine the composition of surfactants in the sea surface microlayer (SML), underlying water (ULW) and atmospheric particles (AP). Surfactants were determined colorimetrically as methylene blue active substances (MBAS) and disulphine blue active substances (DBAS) for anionic and cationic surfactants, respectively. The concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrients (DIN) in ULW was determined so as to indicate the influence of ULW to the surfactants in SML. The results showed that the concentration of MBAS and DBAS in SML at both stations ranged between 0.05 and 0.31 μmol L^?1, and between 0.19 and 0.59 μmol L^?1, respectively. Surfactants in ULW influence the concentration of surfactants in SML (r?=?0.65, p?<?0.01, n?=?36). The station influenced by anthropogenic sources showed a higher concentration of surfactants in ULW, SML and AP. This finding suggests fine mode atmospheric particles (FMAP) are the main carrier for anionic surfactants as MBAS in the coastal ecosystem. Anionic surfactants as MBAS were found as better indicator of anthropogenic sources than cationic ones.  相似文献   

Detecting mislabeling and identifying unique progeny in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia</Emphasis> mapping population using SNP markers     

Asif Javed Muhammad  Mohd Zaki Abdullah  Norwati Muhammad  Wickneswari Ratnam 《林业研究》2017,28(6):1119-1127

Acacia hybrids offer a great potential for paper industry in Southeast Asia due to their fast growth and ability to grow on abandoned or marginal lands. Breeding Acacia hybrids with desirable traits can be achieved through marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding. To develop a MAS program requires development of linkage maps and QTL analysis. Two mapping populations were developed through interspecific hybridization for linkage mapping and QTL analysis. All seeds per pod were cultured initially to improve hybrid yield as quality and density of linkage mapping is affected by the size of the mapping population. Progenies from two mapping populations were field planted for phenotypic and genotypic evaluation at three locations in Malaysia, (1) Forest Research Institute Malaysia field station at Segamat, Johor, (2) Borneo Tree Seeds and Seedlings Supplies Sdn, Bhd. (BTS) field trial site at Bintulu, Sarawak, and (3) Asiaprima RCF field trial site at Lancang, Pahang. During field planting, mislabeling was reported at Segamat, Johor, and a similar problem was suspected for Bintulu, Sarawak. Early screening with two isozymes effectively selected hybrid progenies, and these hybrids were subsequently further confirmed by using species-specific SNPs. During field planting, clonal mislabeling was reported and later confirmed by using a small set of STMS markers. A large set of SNPs were also used to screen all ramets in both populations. A total of 65.36% mislabeled ramets were encountered in the wood density population and 60.34% in the fibre length mapping population. No interpopulation pollen contamination was detected because all ramets found their match within the same population in question. However, mislabeling was detected among ramets of the same population. Mislabeled individuals were identified and grouped as they originated from 93 pods for wood density and 53 pods for fibre length mapping populations. On average 2 meiotically unique seeds per pod (179 seeds/93 pods) for wood density and 3 meiotically unique seeds per pod (174 seeds/53 pods) for fibre length mapping population were found. A single step statistical method was used to evaluate the most informative set of SNPs that could subsequently be used for routine checks for mislabeling in multi-location field trials and for labelling superior clones to protect breeder’s rights. A preliminary set of SNPs with a high degree of informativeness was selected for the mislabeling analysis in conjunction with an assignment test. Two subsets were successfully identified, i.e., 51 SNPs for wood density and 64 SNPs for fibre length mapping populations to identify all mislabeled ramets which had been previously identified. Mislabeling seems to be a common problem due to the complexity involved in the production of mapping populations. Therefore, checking for mislabeling is imperative for breeding activities and for analyses such as linkage mapping in which a correlation between genotypic and phenotypic data is determined.  相似文献   

Distribution patterns of tree,understorey, and detritus biomass in coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Western Himalaya,India     

Javid A. Dar  Mohd Y. Rather  K. Subashree  S. Sundarapandian 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2017,36(8):787-805

Forest biomass pools are the major reservoirs of atmospheric carbon in both coniferous and broad-leaved forest ecosystems and thus play an important role in regulating the regional and global carbon cycle. In this study, we measured the biomass of trees, understorey, and detritus in temperate (coniferous and broad-leaved) forests of Kashmir Himalaya. Total ecosystem dry biomass averaged 234.2 t/ha (ranging from 99.5 to 305.2 t/ha) across all the forest stands, of which 223 t/ha (91.9–283.2 t/ha) were stored in above- and below-ground biomass of trees, 1.3 t/ha (0.18–3.3 t/ha) in understorey vegetation (shrubs and herbaceous), and 9.9 t/ha (4.8–20.9 t/ha) in detritus (including standing and fallen dead trees, and forest floor litter). Among all the forests, the highest tree, understorey, and detritus biomass were observed in mid-altitude Abies pindrow and Pinus wallichiana coniferous forests, whereas the lowest were observed in high-altitude Betula utilis broad-leaved forests. Basal area has showed significant positive relationship with biomass (R² = 0.84–0.97, P < 0.001) and density (R² = 0.49–0.87). The present study will improve our understanding of distribution of biomass (trees, understorey, and detritus) in coniferous and broad-leaved forests and can be used in forest management activities to enhance C sequestration.  相似文献   

Streptococcosis in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) commercial farms in Malaysia     

Najiah Musa  Lee Seong Wei  Nadirah Musa  Ruhil H Hamdan  Lee Kok Leong  Wendy Wee  Mohd Nur Amal  Basiriah M Kutty  & Siti Zahrah Abdullah 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(5):630-632

  相似文献   

Allelic segregation of sex‐linked microsatellite markers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and validation of inheritance in YY population     

Nargis Sultana  Mohd Golam Quader Khan  Mostafa Ali Reza Hossain  Md Samsul Alam 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):1923-1932

Stocking of all‐male fingerling produced by direct administration of male hormone 17‐α‐methyltestosterone is the most preferred method for present‐day aquaculture of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. However, due to the growing concern of negative impact of steroid hormone in food fish, production of ‘genetically male’ tilapia, which depends on the concrete and thorough understanding of sex determination, has long been a scientific curiosity. The objective of the present study was to identify reliable sex‐linked markers and to evaluate the applicability of those markers in terms of monosex production approach. ‘XY’ neofemales were produced by using synthetic oestrogen and identified through selective breeding and progeny testing. Three females with progeny not deviating from 3:1 sex ratio (male:female) were designated as ‘XY’ neofemales and were used subsequently to produce putative YY progeny. Among the fifteen microsatellite markers tested, marker ARO172 was most informative in differentiating male and female genotypes. Twenty‐seven F₂ fish from three families were identified as putative YY males based on marker genotyping, and four of them were crossed to produce F₃ to validate marker association by progeny testing. The YY males produced 86%–100% male progeny indicating ARO172 a unique sex‐linked marker applicable in marker‐assisted selection.  相似文献   

Assessment of growth condition for a candidate probiotic, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Shewanella algae</Emphasis>, isolated from digestive system of a healthy juvenile <Emphasis Type="Italic">Penaeus monodon</Emphasis>     

Shahram Shakiba Zadeh  Che Roos Saad  Annie Christianus  Mohd Salleh Kamarudin  Kamaruzaman Sijam  Mariana Nor Shamsudin  Vasantha Kumari Neela 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(6):1017-1026

To conquer disease problem in shrimp industries, probiotic biocontrol is a well-known remedy now. The antagonistic ability of separated isolates from different parts of juvenile P. monodon was screened against shrimp Vibrio pathogens, V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. The most antagonistic effect was observed for an isolate that primarily identified as Shewanella algae using conventional method followed by Biolog GN and GP microplates. Since adaptability to the host optimum cultural condition of the target organism is of the great importance, response surface methodology, with central composite design, was applied to assess log cell count response of S. algae in different incubation conditions. Therefore, four independent variables were assumed as: temperature (10–50°C), pH (6–10), NaCl concentration (0–50‰) and time (12–60 h). The coefficients of multiple determinations (R ²) for the responses log cell count of S. algae being 0.827. Temperature was the merely significant independent variable that affected the log cell count of the candidate probiotic. The candidate probiotic was revealed a reasonable growth response in quite wide range of temperature, pH and NaCl concentration in which the maximum levels were in same range of optimum shrimp culture.  相似文献