Efficacy of tulathromycin in the treatment and prevention of natural outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease in European cattle   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Godinho KS  Wolf RM  Sherington J  Rowan TG  Sunderland SJ  Evans NA 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2005,6(2):122-135

The efficacy of tulathromycin in the treatment (phase 1) and prevention (phase 2) of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was evaluated on commercial farms in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. In phase 1, commingled cattle with clinical BRD were treated with tulathromycin (n = 128) or florfenicol (n = 125) on day 0. Similar percentages of animals showed sustained clinical improvement at day 14 (tulathromycin 83.3% versus florfenicol 81.0%) and had not relapsed by day 60 (tulathromycin 63.3% versus florfenicol 58.4%). In phase 2, healthy in-contact cattle were treated with tulathromycin (n = 492), tilmicosin (n = 494), or saline (n = 265) on day 0. Significantly more (P = .0001) tulathromycin-treated cattle remained healthy to day 14 (92.4%) than tilmicosin-treated (83.7%) or saline-treated (63.7%) cattle, and this was maintained through day 60 (tulathromycin 85.4% versus tilmicosin 75.1% and saline 56.2%). Tulathromycin was highly effective in the treatment and prevention of BRD.  相似文献   

Evaluation of tulathromycin for the treatment of pneumonia following experimental infection of swine with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

McKelvie J  Morgan JH  Nanjiani IA  Sherington J  Rowan TG  Sunderland SJ 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2005,6(2):197-202

Tulathromycin was evaluated in the treatment of pneumonia in weaned pigs inoculated intranasally with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Five days postchallenge, the pigs were randomized to treatment with a single IM administration of saline, a single IM administration of tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg; day 0), or three IM administrations of enrofloxacin (5.0 mg/kg; days 0, 1, 2). Pigs were necropsied on day 12 or 13. Unchallenged controls remained healthy with no lung pathology. Compared with saline, coughing, mean lung lesion score, and proportional lung weight were significantly reduced and weight gain was significantly greater for tulathromycin-treated pigs (P < .05). Compared with enrofloxacin, there were no significant differences in proportional lung weight or weight gains, but coughing and lung lesion scores were greater for tulathromycin-treated pigs (P < .05). Tulathromycin was effective in the treatment of pneumonia following experimental infection with M. hyopneumoniae.  相似文献   

Response rates and survival times for cats with lymphoma treated with the University of Wisconsin-Madison chemotherapy protocol: 38 cases (1996-2003)     

Milner RJ  Peyton J  Cooke K  Fox LE  Gallagher A  Gordon P  Hester J 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(7):1118-1122

OBJECTIVE: To determine response rates and survival times for cats with lymphoma treated with the University of Wisconsin-Madison chemotherapy protocol. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 38 cats with lymphoma. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed, and information on age, sex, breed, FeLV and FIV infection status, anatomic form, clinical stage, and survival time was obtained. Immunophenotyping was not performed. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD age of the cats was 10.9 +/- 4.4 years. Overall median survival time was 210 days (interquartile range, 90 to 657 days), and overall duration of first remission was 156 days (interquartile range, 87 to 316 days). Age, sex, anatomic form, and clinical stage were not significantly associated with duration of first remission or survival time. Eighteen of the 38 (47%) cats had complete remission, 14 (37%) had partial remission, and 6 (16%) had no response. Duration of first remission was significantly longer for cats with complete remission (654 days) than for cats with partial remission (114 days). Median survival time for cats with complete remission (654 days) was significantly longer than median survival time for cats with partial remission (122 days) and for cats with no response (11 days). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that a high percentage of cats with lymphoma will respond to treatment with the University of Wisconsin-Madison chemotherapy protocol. Age, sex, anatomic form, and clinical stage were not significantly associated with duration of first response or survival time, but initial response to treatment was.  相似文献   

Efficacy of danofloxacin in the treatment of respiratory disease in European cattle     

Rowan TG  Sarasola P  Sunderland SJ  Giles CJ  Smith DG 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(19):585-589

The efficacy of an injectable formulation of danofloxacin (180 mg/ml) in the treatment of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease was evaluated in field studies on farms in France, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Cattle aged one week to 15 months with clinical respiratory disease were randomly allocated to treatment with 6 mg/kg danofloxacin or 10 mg/kg tilmicosin, administered by a single subcutaneous injection on day 0. A second injection of danofloxacin was administered on day 2, only if predefined clinical criteria were met. Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus somnus were isolated from pretreatment nasopharyngeal swabs taken on all the farms. After the treatment, there was a more rapid improvement in the clinical response of the 178 animals treated with danofloxacin by day 2 (P < 0.01) than in the 90 treated with tilmicosin. For both treatments, there were similar significant (P < 0.001) reductions in the mean rectal temperature and severity of clinical signs of abnormal respiration and depression, on days 4 and 10 compared with day 0; 78.1 per cent of the animals treated with danofloxacin and 78.5 per cent of those treated with tilmicosin completed the studies. Danofloxacin 18 per cent was clinically safe and as effective as tilmicosin in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease.  相似文献   

Use of samarium Sm 153 lexidronam for the treatment of dogs with primary tumors of the skull: 20 cases (1986-2006)     

Vancil JM  Henry CJ  Milner RJ  McCoig AM  Lattimer JC  Villamil JA  McCaw DL  Bryan JN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(11):1310-1315

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Investigations on the efficacy of routinely used phenotypic methods compared to genotypic approaches for the identification of staphylococcal species isolated from companion animals in Irish veterinary hospitals     

Lisa Geraghty  Mary Booth  Neil Rowan  Andrew Fogarty 《Irish veterinary journal》2013,66(1):7

Background

Identification of Staphylococci to species level in veterinary microbiology is important to inform therapeutic intervention and management. We report on the efficacy of three routinely used commercial phenotypic methods for staphylococcal species identification, namely API Staph 32 (bioMérieux), RapID (Remel) and Staph-Zym (Rosco Diagnostica) compared to genotyping as a reference method to identify 52 staphylococcal clinical isolates (23 coagulase positive; 29 coagulase negative) from companion animals in Irish veterinary hospitals.

Results

Genotyping of a 412 bp fragment of the staphylococcal tuf gene and coagulase testing were carried out on all 52 veterinary samples along with 7 reference strains. In addition, genotyping of the staphylococcal rpoB gene, as well as PCR-RFLP of the pta gene, were performed to definitively identify members of the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG). The API Staph 32 correctly identified all S. aureus isolates (11/11), 83% (10/12) of the SIG species, and 66% (19/29) of the coagulase negative species. RapID and Staph-Zym correctly identified 61% (14/23) and 0% (0/23) respectively of the coagulase-positives, and 10% (3/29) and 3% (1/29) respectively of the coagulase-negative species.

Conclusions

Commercially available phenotypic species identification tests are inadequate for the correct identification of both coagulase negative and coagulase positive staphylococcal species from companion animals. Genotyping using the tuf gene sequence is superior to phenotyping for identification of staphylococcal species of animal origin. However, use of PCR-RFLP of pta gene or rpoB sequencing is recommended as a confirmatory method for discriminating between SIG isolates.  相似文献   

At sea movement of Macquarie Island giant petrels: Relationships with marine protected areas and Regional Fisheries Management Organisations     

Rowan Trebilco  G. Barry Baker  Aleks Terauds 《Biological conservation》2008,141(12):2942-2958

Satellite tracking devices were used to examine the at sea movements of southern and northern giant petrels from Macquarie Island during the Austral summers of 2005-06 and 2006-07. Time spent at sea for nine northern giant petrels (four breeding adults, five recently fledged juveniles) and 10 southern giant petrels (three breeding adults, one non-breeding adult, and six recently fledged juveniles) was examined in relation to marine protected areas and fishing activity in the area immediately adjacent to Macquarie Island in 2005-06, and in terms of the jurisdictions of Regional Fisheries Management Authorities (RFMOs) at a broader scale during both seasons. Breeding adult southern and northern giant petrels spent a large proportion of their time at sea in the Macquarie Island Marine Park (25% and 65%, respectively), primarily during chick rearing. Further from Macquarie Island, the most important foraging areas for adult giant petrels were the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) statistical sub-areas 58.4.1 and 88.1, where foraging activity was concentrated around the ice edge and the Polar Frontal Zone. Fledglings of both species spent time in the Marine Park immediately after fledging, before moving into international waters. We found significant temporal and spatial overlap in the areas used by recently fledged juvenile northern giant petrels and the areas utilised by the single trawler that operated in these waters during 2005-06. Adult giant petrels spent little time in RFMO waters other than those under the jurisdiction of CCAMLR, but fledgling southern and northern giant petrels spent considerable time (56% and 78% of total time at sea) on the high seas of the Pacific Ocean, in areas under the jurisdictions of the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT), the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), the Inter American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) and the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO). Band returns indicate that the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO) areas are likely to be extensively utilised by Macquarie Island giant petrels in the first three years after fledging. Overall, Macquarie Island’s giant petrel populations are well protected by marine reserves during the breeding season. However, after fledging birds move into RFMO areas that currently have low standards of observer coverage and by catch mitigation, and where fisheries related mortality is likely to pose a significant risk.  相似文献   

孕妇营养补充指南     

Angela Rowan 《中国乳业》2010,(4):106-107

常言道：孕妇一人吃两人补。但相对于纯粹地增加食物摄入量,孕妈妈们更应该注意摄入合适的膳食,以保证为自己和胎儿提供最佳的营养。事实上,胎儿的发育全赖于通过妈妈的脐带输送必需的营养。因此,孕妇缺乏任何一种营养都可能导致腹中胎儿营养不良。  相似文献   

Comparison of canine cardiac troponin I concentrations as determined by 3 analyzers     

Adin DB  Oyama MA  Sleeper MM  Milner RJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(5):1136-1142

BACKGROUND: Recent interest in cardiac biomarkers has led to the validation of several commercial analyzers for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) evaluation in dogs; however, these analyzers have not been standardized. HYPOTHESIS: It was hypothesized that canine plasma cTnI concentrations as determined by 3 different analyzers would be similar. ANIMALS: Twenty-three dogs with cardiac disease were studied. METHODS: Reconstituted purified canine free cTnI was diluted with canine plasma to 8 concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 ng/mL), for analysis by 3 analyzers, the Biosite Triage Meter, the Dade-Behring Stratus, and the Beckman-Coulter Access AccuTnI. Plasma samples from 23 dogs with cardiac disease were also analyzed for cTnI concentrations on all analyzers. RESULTS: Troponin I concentrations in sick dogs were <0.05-5.72 ng/mL (Biosite), 0.02-11.1 ng/mL (Access), and 0.02-9.73 ng/mL (Stratus). Analyzer results were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.97 to 1.0 for purified dilutions, r = 0.61 to 0.89 for samples from dogs); however, the limits of agreement were wide for both purified dilutions and clinical samples. Recovery was highest for the Access (334-1467%) and lowest for the Biosite (38-60%); Stratus 52-233%. Analyzer variability was lowest for the Access (1.2-10.4%) and highest for the Stratus (4.8-33.6%); Biosite 2.8-16.5%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Results from this study suggest that although canine cTnI values obtained from the Biosite, Stratus, and Access analyzers are closely correlated, they cannot be directly compared with each other. In the absence of a gold standard none of the analyzers can be considered more correct than the others.  相似文献   

Ineffectiveness of Water Circulation for Golden Shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas Production in Ponds     

Nathan  Stone Martha  Rowan 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1998,29(4):510-517

Abstract— Continuous aeration at 0.5–0.9 kWha during summer months increasingly has become a baitfish industry practice, with aerators also serving as water circulators. Our study examined the impact of circulating pond water on golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas produced by typical commercial practices. Ponds (0.04-ha) were circulated with 0.25-kW pumps during two consecutive summers. In the first trial juvenile golden shiners were stocked at 282,800/ha and treatment ponds circulated from 0900–1600 h. In the second trial, stocking rate and daily hours of circulation were increased (800,600 fishha and 24 h, respectively). After 56 d (trial 1). gross yields (mean ± SE) were 771 ± 69 and 668 ± 44 kgha for control (uncirculated) and circulated ponds, respectively. Second trial gross yields (63 d) were 1,330 ± 70 and 1,177 ± 61 kgha for the control and circulated treatments, respectively. While circulated ponds showed a reduction in stratification based on temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles, there were no significant differences in golden shiner growth, yield or survival. Under the conditions of our trials, water circulation was an ineffective culture practice.  相似文献