Efficacy of danofloxacin 18% injectable solution in the treatment of Escherichia coli diarrhoea in young calves in Europe   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sunderland SJ  Sarasola P  Rowan TG  Giles CJ  Smith DG 《Research in veterinary science》2003,74(2):171-178

The efficacy of danofloxacin 18% against naturally occurring Escherichia coli diarrhoea was investigated in calves at seven European sites. Treatment commenced on day 0, with either a single subcutaneous injection of danofloxacin 18% (n=267) at 6 mg/kg repeated on day 2 if required, or reference product containing baquiloprim/sulphadimidine (n=37) or gentamicin (n=98) administered as recommended. E. coli was isolated from 90% to 100% of calves pre-treatment, and the prevalence of serotypes K99 and F41 was 8-46% and 46-92%, respectively. In both treatments, the majority of calves (93.2-93.9%) showed clinical improvement and completed the studies. There were significant reductions for both treatments, in severity of clinical signs on days 4 and 10 compared to day 0 (P<0.0001), and between days 4 and 10 (P<0.05), but no significant differences between treatments (P>0.05). Danofloxacin 18% was clinically safe, and as effective as the reference products in the treatment of E. coli diarrhoea in calves.  相似文献   

Efficacy of selamectin in the treatment and control of clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis in dogs and cats experimentally infested with fleas     

Dickin SK  McTier TL  Murphy MG  Bond R  Mason IS  Payne-Johnson M  Smith DG  Evans NA  Jernigan AD  Rowan TG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(5):639-644

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether treatment with selamectin would reduce clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) in dogs and cats housed in flea-infested environments. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 22 dogs and 17 cats confirmed to have FAD. PROCEDURE: Animals were housed in carpeted pens capable of supporting the flea life cycle and infested with 100 fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) on days -13 and -2 and on alternate weeks with 10 to 20 fleas. On day 0, 11 dogs and 8 cats were treated with selamectin (6 mg/kg [2.7 mg/lb]). Dogs were retreated on day 30; cats were retreated on days 30 and 60. All animals were examined periodically for clinical signs of FAD. Flea counts were conducted at weekly intervals. RESULTS: Throughout the study, geometric mean flea counts exceeded 100 for control animals and were < or = 11 for selamectin-treated animals. Selamectin-treated cats had significant improvements in the severity of miliary lesions and scaling or crusting on days 42 and 84, compared with conditions on day -8, and in severity of excoriation on day 42. In contrast, control cats did not have any significant improvements in any of the clinical signs of FAD. Selamectin-treated dogs had significant improvements in all clinical signs on days 28 and 61, but in control dogs, severity of clinical signs of FAD was not significantly different from baseline severity at any time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that topical administration of selamectin, even without the use of supplementary environmental control measures and with minimal therapeutic intervention, can reduce the severity of clinical signs of FAD in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of selamectin following intravenous,oral and topical administration in cats and dogs   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sarasola P  Jernigan AD  Walker DK  Castledine J  Smith DG  Rowan TG 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2002,25(4):265-272

The pharmacokinetics of selamectin were evaluated in cats and dogs, following intravenous (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg), topical (24 mg/kg) and oral (24 mg/kg) administration. Following selamectin administration, serial blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After intravenous administration of selamectin to cats and dogs, the mean maximum plasma concentrations and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were linearly related to the dose, and mean systemic clearance (Clb) and steady-state volume of distribution (Vd(ss)) were independent of dose. Plasma concentrations after intravenous administration declined polyexponentially in cats and biphasically in dogs, with mean terminal phase half-lives (t(1/2)) of approximately 69 h in cats and 14 h in dogs. In cats, overall Clb was 0.470 +/- 0.039 mL/min/kg (+/-SD) and overall Vd(ss) was 2.19 +/- 0.05 L/kg, compared with values of 1.18 +/- 0.31 mL/min/kg and 1.24 +/- 0.26 L/kg, respectively, in dogs. After topical administration, the mean C(max) in cats was 5513 +/- 2173 ng/mL reached at a time (T(max)) of 15 +/- 12 h postadministration; in dogs, C(max) was 86.5 +/- 34.0 ng/mL at T(max) of 72 +/- 48 h. Bioavailability was 74% in cats and 4.4% in dogs. Following oral administration to cats, mean C(max) was 11,929 +/- 5922 ng/mL at T(max) of 7 +/- 6 h and bioavailability was 109%. In dogs, mean C(max) was 7630 +/- 3140 ng/mL at T(max) of 8 +/- 5 h and bioavailability was 62%. There were no selamectin-related adverse effects and no sex differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. Linearity was established in cats and dogs for plasma concentrations up to 874 and 636 ng/mL, respectively. Pharmacokinetic evaluations for selamectin following intravenous administration indicated a slower elimination from the central compartment in cats than in dogs. This was reflected in slower clearance and longer t(1/2) in cats, probably as a result of species-related differences in metabolism and excretion. Inter-species differences in pharmacokinetic profiles were also observed following topical administration where differences in transdermal flux rates may have contributed to the overall differences in systemic bioavailability.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the comparative efficacy of selamectin against flea (Ctenocephalides felis felis) infestations on dogs and cats in simulated home environments     

Ritzhaupt LK  Rowan TG  Jones RL  Cracknell VC  Murphy MG  Shanks DJ 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,106(2):165-175

The comparative efficacy of monthly administration of selamectin or lufenuron against Ctenocephalides felis felis on dogs and cats was evaluated over a 5-month period in flea-infested environments. Twenty-four dogs and 32 cats were randomly allocated to receiving a topical treatment with selamectin or an oral administration of tablets containing lufenuron/milbemycin oxime (for dogs) or lufenuron only (for cats). Each product was administered in accordance with the manufacturer's label recommendations. Eight dogs and four cats served as untreated sentinels. Treatments were administered on days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120. Each animal received an application of 100 fleas on days -28 and -21, and then weekly applications of 20 fleas from days 91 through 147. Flea comb counts were performed on day -6, and every 2 weeks after day 0. From day 29 (dogs) or day 44 (cats) to day 150, geometric mean flea counts for selamectin were < or =0.4. Mean flea counts for animals assigned to treatment with selamectin were significantly lower (P=0.0001) than for animals assigned to treatment with lufenuron at all assessments after day 0.  相似文献   

Erosion assessment and administration in subtropical China: A case study from Fujian Province     

D. L. Higgitt  J. S. Rowan 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1996,7(1):1-10

Soil erosion continues to represent a major environmental issue in China. This paper considers some of the practical difficulties of assessing the severity of soil erosion in subtropical southern China, with particular reference to a case study in Fujian Province. The administration of soil and water conservation and procedures for erosion evaluation in an area of southern China are outlined. Although the hierarchy of bodies involved in soil conversation is impressive compared to other countries in subtropical environments, little is known about the dynamics of erosion, its impact on productivity or its contribution to sediment yields.  相似文献   

Effects of age, environmental temperature and relative humidity on the colonization of the nose and trachea of calves by Mycoplasma spp     

Z Woldehiwet  B Mamache  T G Rowan 《The British veterinary journal》1990,146(5):419-424

Nasal and tracheal swabs sequentially collected from three groups of eight calves between the ages of 1 and 98 days indicated that the nose and trachea were colonized by Mycoplasma spp. during the first weeks of life. Over 92% of all calves harboured Mycoplasma spp. in their noses when they were 2 weeks old, the rate of recovery falling gradually thereafter. The peak period of recovering mycoplasmas from the noses and tracheas of calves was at 6 weeks old. M. bovirhinis, M. arginini and Acholeplasma laidlawii predominated in the nose while M. dispar and M. bovirhinis predominated in the trachea. There was no association between rates of isolation and clinical signs of respiratory disease. There were no significant differences between the frequencies of isolation of Mycoplasma spp. from groups of calves kept under different environmental temperatures and relative humidities.  相似文献   

Estimation of immunity in the developing calf: cellular and humoral responses to keyhole limpet haemocyanin     

J M Pollock  T G Rowan  J B Dixon  S D Carter  D F Kelly 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1991,29(1-2):105-113

The efficacy of keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) as a test antigen was determined in calves. Humoral and cellular (in vivo and in vitro) responses were compared. Calves were immunized with KLH at either 3 weeks or up to 5 months of age and immune responses were subsequently tested. Class and subclass antibody responses were detected by ELISA, lymphocyte blastogenesis was measured using a whole blood culture technique (LTT) and skin sensitivity responses were measured as an increase in skin thickness following intradermal injection. In young calves, skin test responses were maximal at 24 h and were found to correlate with IgG1 and IgG2 responses (P less than 0.01), with IgA (P less than 0.05) but not with IgM or LTT. Histological examination of skin swellings found a sequence of cellular events, with polymorphonuclear cells dominating until 48 h after intradermal injection, when mononuclear cells became involved. However, in older calves, skin test responses correlated not only with IgG1 and IgA responses but also with lymphocyte transformation (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that, while immune responses to KLH may be a useful indicator of immune competence in calves, interpretation should be made with caution particularly in young calves.  相似文献   

Immune modulation by Ostertagia ostertagi and the effects of diet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M M Mansour  T G Rowan  J B Dixon  S D Carter 《Veterinary parasitology》1991,39(3-4):321-332

IgG1 antibody responses to Ostertagia ostertagi third stage larvae (L3) and the third party antigen, keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), and faecal egg counts were determined in calves infected with a single dose of O. ostertagi and in uninfected, pair-fed calves. The infected and uninfected calves were given diets either high (H) or low (L) in protein and energy. The diets were within the normal range of husbandry practice in the UK. IgG1 antibody responses to L3 antigen were significantly greater from 6 weeks post-infection in infected calves given the L diet than in infected calves given the H diet (P less than 0.05). The effects of diet and infection on anti-KLH IgG1 responses were independent of each other. IgG1 responses to KLH were decreased by infection and by the L diet compared with the H diet.  相似文献   

Q FEVER ANTIBODIES IN NEW SOUTH WALES SHEEP     

L. C. Rowan  B.Sc.  M.B.B.S.  M.C.P.A. J. C. Keast  B.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1965,41(11):356-359

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Efficacy of tulathromycin in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease associated with induced Mycoplasma bovis infections in young dairy calves     

Godinho KS  Rae A  Windsor GD  Tilt N  Rowan TG  Sunderland SJ 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2005,6(2):96-112

The efficacy of tulathromycin in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) due to Mycoplasma bovis was determined following experimental infection. Two highly pathogenic strains of M. bovis (with minimum inhibitory concentration values for tulathromycin of 1 and >64 microg/ml) were inoculated into 145 calves. Four days after inoculation, calves with clinical BRD were treated subcutaneously with saline or tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg). Compared with saline, BRD-related withdrawals, peak rectal temperatures, and lung lesion scores were significantly lower for tulathromycin-treated calves (P < .01). Tulathromycin was highly effective in the treatment of BRD due to M. bovis in calves regardless of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the challenge strain (1 or >64 microg/ml).  相似文献