Movements and spatiotemporal distribution of escaped farmed and local wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)     

Ingebrigt Uglem  Pål Arne Bjørn  Trine Dale  Sven Kerwath  Finn Økland  Rune Nilsen  Kåre Aas  Ian Fleming  & Robert Scott McKinley 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(2):158-170

Commercial farming of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) is now being developed in several countries. The ecological consequences of cod culture are poorly understood, but recent research suggests that Atlantic cod are more prone to escape from net pens than Atlantic salmon. Here, we describe the movements and the spatiotemporal distribution of farmed cod after escape relative to wild cod, both during and outside the natural spawning season. The experimental design included simulating escape incidents of farmed cod tagged with acoustic transmitters and using an array of automatic listening stations to monitor their dispersal and distribution. For comparison, local wild cod were monitored using the same array of receivers. The farmed cod dispersed rapidly after a simulated escape, they randomly distributed over large areas and their distribution overlapped with local wild cod. Moreover, escaped farmed fish were found at local cod spawning areas during the spawning season. The study also indicated that the recapture rate of escaped farmed cod was high compared with that of escaped farmed salmon. Thus, while our results showed that there is a considerable potential for ecosystem effects caused by escaped farmed cod, mitigating actions such as an efficient recapture fishery for escapees may be possible.  相似文献   

Effect of temperature and diet on wound healing in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)     

Linda B. Jensen  Thomas Wahli  Charles McGurk  Tommy Berger Eriksen  Alex Obach  Rune Waagbø  Ana Handler  Carolina Tafalla 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(6):1527-1543

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Directed search for plant constituents: a case study concerning flavonoids in Norway spruce     

Rune Slimestad  George W. Francis  Øyvind M. Andersen 《Euphytica》1999,105(2):119-123

The reported content of flavonoids in the needles of Norway spruce, Picea abies, has been used as a basis for a directed search for compounds previously undetected in this species. Combined with advanced chromatographic methods and sensitive detection techniques, the directed search approach assisted in the identification of the novel flavonols, myricetin 3- O- (6-acetylglucoside) and syringetin 7- O-glucoside, and several other flavonoids isolated for the first time from this species.  相似文献   

Histidine nutrition and genotype affect cataract development in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L     

Breck O  Bjerkås E  Campbell P  Rhodes JD  Sanderson J  Waagbø R 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(6):357-371

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary levels of histidine (His) and iron (Fe) on cataract development in two strains of Atlantic salmon monitored through parr-smolt transformation. Three experimental diets were fed: (i) a control diet (CD) with 110 mg kg(-1) Fe and 11.7 g kg(-1) His; (ii) CD supplemented with crystalline His to a level of 18 g kg(-1) (HD); and (iii) HD with added iron up to 220 mg kg(-1) (HID). A cross-over design, with two feeding periods was used. A 6-week freshwater (FW) period was followed by a 20-week period, of which the first three were in FW and the following 17 weeks in sea water (SW). Fish were sampled for weighing, cataract assessment and tissue analysis at five time points. Cataracts developed in all groups in SW, but scores were lower in those fed high His diets (P < 0.05). This effect was most pronounced when HD or HID was given in SW, but was also observed when these diets were given in FW only. Histidine supplementation had a positive effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), whereas this did not occur when iron was added. Groups fed HD or HID had higher lens levels of His and N-acetyl histidine (NAH), the latter showing a marked increase post-smoltification (P < 0.05). The HD or HID groups also showed higher muscle concentrations of the His dipeptide anserine (P < 0.05). There was a strong genetic influence on cataract development in the CD groups (P < 0.001), not associated with tissue levels of His or NAH. The role of His and His-related compounds in cataractogenesis is discussed in relation to tissue buffering, osmoregulation and antioxidation.  相似文献   

Teratogenicity of elevated egg incubation temperature and egg vitamin A status in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ØRnsrud R  Gil L  Waagbø R 《Journal of fish diseases》2004,27(4):213-223

The present study was undertaken to investigate the possibility that high egg vitamin A (VA) status in combination with elevated egg incubation temperatures may cause deformities in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Egg batches selected for their total VA concentration were exposed to low (normal, 8 degrees C) or elevated (14 degrees C) egg incubation temperatures. Temperature was the main factor causing bone deformities such as warped gill opercula, fin and jaw deformities, but not for the development of spinal deformities where all groups displayed a 'baseline' occurrence of mild deformity (decreased vertebral size in the cephalic region) and no systematic variation in the occurrence of serious spinal deformities (fused vertebrae). A possible effect of egg incubation temperature fluctuation was found for the groups reared at low temperatures. An indication of a negative effect of elevated egg VA status for the development of organ deformities such as missing septum transversum and situs inversus was found in addition to temperature effects, however, no firm conclusions could be drawn from the present data. The phenotypes for temperature-induced deformities resembled the phenotype of VA-induced deformities, but no clear conclusions on the causality of the deformities found in the present study could be drawn. Egg incubation temperatures, both absolute temperature and temperature variations, should therefore be strictly controlled.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Rune Waagbø  Gro-Ingunn Hemre  Kim Jauncey 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2005,11(1):1-1

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Pre-rigor filleting and drip loss from fillets of farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)     

Silje Kristoffersen  Birthe Vang  Rune Larsen  & Ragnar L Olsen 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(16):1721-1731

Improved slaughtering procedures of farmed fish may provide sufficient time so that filleting can be performed pre‐rigor while the muscle pH is still high. Such filleting not only reduces fillet gaping but also lowers the transportation costs and makes fresh fillets available to the markets at an earlier stage. The aim of our work was to determine the weight reduction of the fillets due to liquid loss and to study the proteins and enzymes in the drip. After 11 days of cold storage, fillets of farmed Atlantic cod produced pre‐rigor had a weight loss of 10% and a fillet contraction of 19% while for fillets produced post‐rigor the values were 5% and 4% respectively. At the same time, approximately twice the amount of proteins had been lost from the pre‐rigor‐produced fillets. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the proteins in the drip were similar to the sarcoplasmatic proteins extracted from the muscle. Specific analysis of proteolytic enzymes indicated that they are less stable in the expelled liquid than in the flesh during storage. The extensive loss of weight and proteins from pre‐rigor‐produced fillets during subsequent storage must be taken into account if such processing is considered for farmed cod.  相似文献   

Influence of dietary fatty acids on the lipid composition of lipoproteins in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)     

Øyvind Lie  Aslaug Sandvin  Rune Waagbø 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,12(3):249-260

The dietary influence on the fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and phosphatidylcholine of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was studied, using soybean oil, capelin oil and sardine oil as lipid sources in the diets. The fish had a mean weight of 3 Kg and had been fed the experimental diets for 24 months. The results show that the fatty acid composition in the feed are important for the composition of the core lipids as well as the surface components of the lipoproteins.  相似文献   

Lymphocyte Stimulation and Leucocyte Migration Inhibition as Diagnostic Tools for the Detection of Mycobacterium Avium Infection in Cattle     

Rune Bergman  Jorge Moreno-Lpez 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1976,17(2):258

The tuberculin skin test is the conventional method of detecting infections with mycobacteria in animals. A positive reaction is considered to reflect cell-mediated immunity (CMI). CMI against mycobacteria can be studied by in vitro systems using suspensions of blood lymphocytes or leucocytes. The reactivity of these cells to different antigens can be measured in the lymphocyte stimulation (LS) (Muscoplat et al 1975, Bergman 1976, Johnson & Morein 1976), or leucocyte migration inhibition (LMI) (Aalund 1970, Clausen 1973) tests.  相似文献   

Anthocyanins from black currants (Ribes nigrum L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Slimestad R  Solheim H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(11):3228-3231

Fifteen anthocyanin structures are reported from an extract of black currant berries (Ribes nigrum L.). These are the 3-O-glucosides and the 3-O-rutinosides of pelargonidin, cyanidin, peonidin, delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin, cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside, and the 3-O-(6' '-p-coumaroylglucoside)s of cyanidin and delphinidin. The anthocyanins were characterized by means of size exclusion chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, UV-visible spectroscopy, and electrospray mass spectrometry. The four main pigments (the 3-O-glucosides and the 3-O-rutinosides of delphinidin and cyanidin) made up >97% of the total anthocyanin content. The minor pigments were enriched from the extract by successive partition against ethyl acetate and by gel fractionation. These chromatographic steps were successfully used to isolate the acylated anthocyanins from the ethyl acetate layer and to separate cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside from the mixture of anthocyanins. The amounts of anthocyanin rutinosides were found to be higher than the amount of the corresponding glucosides for all detected pigments having the same aglycon moiety.  相似文献