Epidemiology of mammary gland disorders in multiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows     

Yrj  T. Gr  hn  Hollis N. Erb  Charles E. McCulloch  Hannu S. Saloniemi 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1990,8(4):241-252

Logistic regression was used to investigate the effects of host characteristics, milk production and 23 veterinary diagnoses on the odds of contracting acute and chronic mastitis, and teat injury among 41 989 multiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows that calved during 1983.

Cows which had higher previous-lactation milk yields were at increased risk of acute and chronic mastitis, and teat injury. All of the mammary gland disorders were directly interrelated. Abomasal disorder, indoor hypomagnesemia, prolapsed uterus and vagina, and abortion were not risk factors for any of the three mammary gland disorders; however, retained placenta, udder edema, ketosis, non-parturient paresis, rumen acidosis, traumatic reticuloperitonitis, silent heat, ovarian cyst and other types of infertility were all direct risk factors for at least two mammary gland disorders.  相似文献   

The humoral immune response of lambs experimentally infected with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D Thirkell  R K Spooner  G E Jones  W C Russell 《Veterinary microbiology》1990,24(2):143-153

Using sera from lambs experimentally infected with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Pasteurella haemolytica, the development of a good humoral immune response to M. ovipneumoniae was detected by ELISA. The antibody titres peaked 41 days post-infection and good antibody titres were maintained over the 16-week experimental period. Immunoblotting revealed that antibodies to specific antigens appeared in the sera in a sequential manner, some being seen shortly after infection and others developing only after a substantial time lag. Antibodies were raised against almost all the major antigens detected in one laboratory strain (956/2) and against all antigens previously shown to be conserved in 22 Scottish field isolates of M. ovipneumoniae.  相似文献   

A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability.   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C J Sniffen  J D O'Connor  P J Van Soest  D G Fox  J B Russell 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(11):3562-3577

The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a submodel that predicts rates of feedstuff degradation in the rumen, the passage of undegraded feed to the lower gut, and the amount of ME and protein that is available to the animal. In the CNCPS, structural carbohydrate (SC) and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) are estimated from sequential NDF analyses of the feed. Data from the literature are used to predict fractional rates of SC and NSC degradation. Crude protein is partitioned into five fractions. Fraction A is NPN, which is trichloroacetic (TCA) acid-soluble N. Unavailable or protein bound to cell wall (Fraction C) is derived from acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIP), and slowly degraded true protein (Fraction B3) is neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIP) minus Fraction C. Rapidly degraded true protein (Fraction B1) is TCA-precipitable protein from the buffer-soluble protein minus NPN. True protein with an intermediate degradation rate (Fraction B2) is the remaining N. Protein degradation rates are estimated by an in vitro procedure that uses Streptomyces griseus protease, and a curve-peeling technique is used to identify rates for each fraction. The amount of carbohydrate or N that is digested in the rumen is determined by the relative rates of degradation and passage. Ruminal passage rates are a function of DMI, particle size, bulk density, and the type of feed that is consumed (e.g., forage vs cereal grain).  相似文献   

Effect of wet weather on lameness in dairy cattle     

L A Williams  G J Rowlands  A M Russell 《The Veterinary record》1986,118(10):259-261

The incidence of lameness in cows recorded by five veterinary practices over one year and one practice over four years was plotted with rainfall and potential soil moisture deficit. Correlation coefficients calculated between lameness, rainfall and potential soil moisture deficit over two-week periods showed the incidence of lameness in summer to be significantly related to the potential soil moisture deficit in the same two-week period and rainfall in the previous two-week period. Differences in patterns of lameness incidence among practices and years were also partly explained by differences in rainfall and potential soil moisture deficit; however, these effects were small compared with those of other factors that affect lameness incidence such as herd size, age and stage of lactation.  相似文献   

Venom of the Scorpion Vejovis spinigerus     

Russell FE  Alender CB  Buess FW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,159(3810):90-91

The chemical composition of lyophilized venom from Vejovis spinigerus is reported. At least 13 distinct bands were obtained on disc electrophoresis; on Sephadex G-50, four major peaks were found. The lethal activity was associated with the second peak. The intravenous lethal dose, median (lethal for 50 percent of inoculated group), of the crude venom was 4.87 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. Neither the crude venom nor its fractions had a deleterious effect on neuromuscular transmission, reflex discharge, or antidromic inhibition. Crude venom evoked simultaneous changes in systemic arterial, venous, and cisternal pressures.  相似文献   

Hypothyroidism in a grizzly bear     

W C Russell 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1970,157(5):656-662

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Environmental health and ecology: old concepts with new meaning for man's survival     

W F McCulloch 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1970,157(11):1432-1438

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Veterinary Dentistry, Proc, 1st Annual Conference, Australian Veterinary Dental Society, 1990     

Russell W Mitten 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(11):294-294

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Sudden death in young dogs with myocarditis caused by parvovirus.     

M A Hayes  R G Russell  L A Babiuk 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1979,174(11):1197-1203

Sudden death of pups in the 4- to 6-week age range has recently been occurring in western Canada as a result of severe, primary, nonsuppurative myocarditis. At necropsy, the prominent macroscopic lesion was pulmonary edema, and microscopically, characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies were found within cardiac myofibers in association with myocarditis. Ultrastructurally, numerous small particles resembling parvoviruses were found within the intranuclear inclusion bodies, which were positive by direct fluorescent antibody test for canine parvovirus. Of three pups inoculated with homogenate from affected myocardium, one developed lesions resembling canine parvoviral enteritis.  相似文献   

Poly IC therapy in aleutian disease of mink.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

A S Russell  J S Percy    H J Cho 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1975,39(3):240-249

Twenty-four virgin female aleutian mink were infected with aleutian disease agent and after 24 hours, 12 of these were treated with a course of polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid (Poly IC) injections. After six weeks the gammaglobulin level was significantly lower in the treated group but at 12 weeks this difference was no longer present. Four of the treated mink had normal target organ histology when killed at 20 weeks. The untreated group all showed moderate to marked changes but this difference was not statistically significant. There was a marked increase in the reactive lymphocyte blastogenesis index during the first weeks of infection and the phytohaemagglutinin response was seen to fall progressively. The antiglobulin reaction usually became positive after infection but neither antinuclear nor antierythrocyte antibodies were found. Precipitating antibodies to several polynucleotides were frequently present and were unrelated to infection or to Poly IC treatment.  相似文献