Fuels from biomass: integration with food and materials systems     

Lipinsky ES 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,199(4329):644-651

The development of fuels from biomass can lead naturally to dispersed facilities that incorporate food or materials production (or both) with fuel production, forming adaptive systems that can be modified to meet evolving needs and constraints. The technology that is appropriate to each system needs to be worked out, taking into account associated food and materials opportunities in order to decrease the ultimate cost of energy delivered to the consumer. I analyze possible systems based on sugarcane, corn, and guayule.  相似文献   

Solar energy for village development     

Brown NL  Howe JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,199(4329):651-657

The National Academy of Sciences held a joint workshop with the Government of Tanzania last August on the potential of solar energy for the villages of that country. Costs of five solar technologies (mini-hydroelectric generators, wind, methane generation from organic wastes, photovoltaic cells, and flat-plate solar collectors) were compared with costs of diesel-generated electricity and with electricity from the national grid. Each of the five technologies is either now competitive with diesel or will be in a few years. Although the figures presented are not conclusive since they are derived from calculations rather than an actual test, the results are encouraging enough to warrant serious testing in Third World villages.  相似文献   

Work, rhetoric, and social change     

Degler CN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,201(4350):42-43

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Data evaluation in biology     

Tidball CS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,202(4368):576

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Accident and hostile citizens beset animal disease laboratory     

Wade N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,202(4369):723-724

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Guillemin and schally: the three-lap race to stockholm     

Wade N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,200(4340):411-415

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New vaccine may bring man and chimpanzee into tragic conflict     

Wade N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,200(4345):1027-1030

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Gene-splicing rules: another round of debate     

Wade N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,199(4324):30-1, 33

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Effects of atmospheric ammonia on pulmonary bacterial clearance in the young pig.     

J G Drummond  S E Curtis  J Simon 《American journal of veterinary research》1978,39(2):211-212

Young pigs were exposed to an aerosol of a nonpathogenic strain of Escherichia coli and then were retained in air-pollutant exposure chambers for a 2-hour clearance period. In series 1 (n = 80 pigs), 40 exposed young pigs (principals; 15.5 days of age) were placed in an atmosphere of filtered room air + 50 ppm of atmospheric NH3 during the clearance period; control pigs were exposed to filtered room air without added NH3. In series 2 (n = 24 pigs), 12 exposed young pigs (principals; 6.2 days of age) were similarly maintained, but at a lower concentration of atmospheric NH3 (75 ppm). At the end of the clearance period pigs were killed and pulmonary bacterial clearance was determined. Pigs kept in the NH3-contaminated atmospheres (either concentration) harbored more bacteria, on the average, in their lungs than did the controls. If series 1 and 2 data were combined, pigs kept in the NH3-contaminated atmospheres had 51% more bacteria in their lungs than did the controls. Pulmonic weight and ratio of pulmonic weight to body weight of pigs kept in the NH3-contaminated atmosphere were greater than those of the controls in series 1, but not in series 2. Gross and histopathologic examinations of lung tissue generally revealed no differences between controls and principals in either series 1 or 2.  相似文献   

Immunocompetent cells of the turkey: age and organ distribution patterns of T and B lymphoid cells.     

V Sivanandan  S K Maheswaran 《American journal of veterinary research》1978,39(2):351-353

The percentage of lymphoid cells from the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen, peripheral blood, and cecal tonsils reactin with chicken antisera to turkey bursa and thymus were evaluated, using 1-day-old to 5-week-old turkeys. For this, rabbit anti-chicken globulin fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate was used. The percentage of lymphoid cells showing immunoglobulin surface determinants from these organs also was examined, using a direct immunofluorescence test with a rabbit anti-turkey globulin fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate. This study suggests that the bursa-specific antigen and immunoglobulin surface determinants could be used as markers for bursa-derived cells in the turkey. It also was found that thymus-specific antigen could be used as a marker for thymus-derived cells.  相似文献