Large intestinal mast cell count and proteinase expression is associated with larval burden in cyathostomin‐infected horses     

K. J. PICKLES  J. A. MAIR  N. LOPEZ‐VILLALOBOS  D. J. SHAW  I. SCOTT  W. POMROY 《Equine veterinary journal》2010,42(7):652-657

Reasons for performing study: Cyathostomins are the principal pathogenic nematode of equidae worldwide. In other species mast cell (MC) proteinases, in particular chymases, appear to have protective roles. Knowledge of the equine intestinal immune response to cyathostomins is limited. Objective: To investigate MC numbers and proteinase expression in equine cyathostomin‐infected large intestine. Hypothesis: MC populations in the large intestine are positively associated with cyathostomin burden and predominantly express chymase. Methods: The caecal cyathostomin burden of naturally infected horses (n = 25) was determined by luminal counts and pepsin digest (mural count). MC were identified and enumerated in caecal tissue using toluidine blue (TB). Immunofluorescent labelling with polyclonal rabbit antibodies was used to demonstrate expression of equine tryptase and the chymase equine mast cell proteinase‐1 (eqMCP‐1) in Carnoy's fixed caecal sections. Results: Significant positive linear relationships were found between TB‐stained mucosal and submucosal MC counts and total cyathostomin burden (P<0.001, r²>36%), and both luminal (P<0.010, r²>25%) and mural (P<0.001, r²>36%) larval counts. Similar relationships were found with mucosal and submucosal chymase and tryptase‐labelled MC counts (total: P<0.004, r²>29%; luminal: P<0.004, r²>30%; and mural: P<0.030, r²>19%). With all three MC labels, mean MC counts were higher in the submucosa compared to the mucosa (P<0.001). All caecal MC appeared to express chymase, with a small number of MC expressing both tryptase and chymase. Conclusions and potential relevance: Large intestinal MC counts are significantly associated with cyathostomin burden, with a predominance of chymase‐positive MC. The burden is significantly associated with expression of MC proteinases, supporting their likely involvement in the intestinal immune response to cyathostomin infection. Further work to investigate the kinetics of proteinase expression, the possibility of differential proteinase expression and the role of these MC proteinases is warranted.  相似文献   

中国农村公共投资的准商业供给模式评价——以电力电话投资为例     

续竞秦  罗仁福  张林秀  罗斯高 《中国农业科技导报》2010,12(6):130-141

利用来自全国6个省2 459个村的代表性的公共投资调查数据,对中国村级电力电话投资的准商业模式进行了评价研究。实证分析表明,作为利润最大化的单位,准商业企业对农村进行投资的策略,与政府实施农村公共投资(如道路等)的有所不同。如果没有政府管制,准商业化经营的电力电话公司在贫困的和地处山区的村庄的投资要少于在富裕的或平原地区的村庄。研究也发现,村庄拥有的关系网对村庄能获得的政府投资具有显著的正效应,但是对准商业模式供给的电力电话投资并不具有显著的效应。文章的结论主要是,在进行适当政府管制的前提下,准商业企业可以纠正自己的行为,从而在农村公共投资中采取更加减贫的策略。若此,准商业供给模式将可以在未来的中国农村公共投资中发挥更加重要的作用。  相似文献   

Follicular Dysplasia of the Portuguese Water Dog     

WILLIAM H. MILLER JR.  DANNY W. SCOTT 《Veterinary dermatology》1995,6(2):67-74

Résumé— Une étude clinique et histologique a été conduite chez 27 chiens d'eau portugais présentant des dépilations cycliques, focales et non inflammatoires. Les observations histologiques ont été comparées aux biopsies réalisées sur 6 adultes normaux et 25 chiots normaux de la même race, sans histoire familiale de dépilations. La chute du poil chez les chiens alopéciques est dûe à une dysplacie folliculaire avec mélanisation anormale des unités pilo-sébacées. Les observations histopathologiques particulières consistent en une apoptose proéminente des kératinocytes des gaines épithéliales internes et externes, et une dissolution de la matrice pilaire des follicules anagènes. L'observation d'une tendance familiale avec apparition précoce suggère un mécanisme héréditaire pour cette dysplasie. [Miller, W.H., Jr., Scott, D.W. Follicular dysplasia of the Portuguese Water Dog (Displasie folliculaire du chien d'eau portugais). Resumen— Se llevó a cabo un estudio en 27 Perros de Agua Portugués con pérdida de pelo ciclica, no-inflamatoria y regionalizada. Los hallazgos histológicos se compararon con biopsias de 6 adultos normales y de 25 carchorros de la misma raza sin antecedentes familiares de pérdida de pelo. La pérdida de pelo en el grupo de animales alopécicos era debida a una displasia folicular con melanización anormal de los complejos pilosebáceos. Como hallazgos histológicos únicos cabe destacar la presencia de un notable número de queratinocitos apoptóticos en la vaina folicular interna y externa asi como la disolución de la matriz del pelo en los foliculos en anagen. Se detectó una tendencia familiar la aparición de esta displasia a temprana edad, lo que sugiere una base herediteria. [Miller, W.H., Jr., Scott, D.W. Follicular dysplasia of the Portuguese Water Dog (Displasia folicular en el Perro de Aguas Portugués). Abstract— A clinical and histologic study was conducted on 27 Portuguese water dogs with non-inflammatory, regionalized, cyclic hair loss. Histologic findings were compared with biopsies from six normal adult and 25 normal puppy Portuguese water dogs with no known relatives with hair loss. The hair loss in the alopecic dogs was due to a follicular dysplasia with abnormal melanization of the pilosebaceous units. Unique histopathologic findings included prominent apoptosis of keratinocytes in the inner and outer root sheath, and dissolution of the hair matrix of anagen hair follicles. A familial tendency with an early age at onset was noted, suggesting an inherited basis for the dysplasia.  相似文献   

Multiple Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising from Multiple Cutaneous Follicular Cysts in a Dog     

DANNY W. SCOTT †  EDUARDO A. C. TEIXEIRA ‡ 《Veterinary dermatology》1995,6(1):27-31

Résumé— Des épithéliomas spinocellulaires se sont développés à partir de kystes folliculaires multiples chez un chien croisé berger Catalan de 6 ans. Le chien est mort après un suivi de 29 mois. Des métastases ont été trouvées dans les poumons et au niveau des métacarpiens 1 et 2 de la patte antérieure gauche. [Multiple squamous cell carcinomas arising from multiple cutaneous follicular cysts in a dog (Épithéliomas spinocel-lalaires multiples se développant à partir de kystes folliculaires multiples chez un chien).
Resumen— Un perro Pastor Catalan desarrolló carcinomas de células planas a partir de multiples quistes foliculares. El perro murió a los 29 meses del seguimiento. Se detectaron carcinomas de células escamosas metástaticos en los pulmones y en los metacarpos I y II de la extremidad izquierda. [Multiple squamous cell carcinomas arising from multiple cutaneous follicular cysts in a dog. (Múltiples carcinomas de células planas surgidos a partir de multiples quised foliculares cutáneo en un perro).
Abstract— Squamous cell carcinomas developed in multiple follicular cysts in a 6-year-old Catalan shepherd cross dog. The dog died after a 29-month follow-up period. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was detected in the lungs and metacarpal bones 1 and 2 of the left front paw.  相似文献   

Acute Gastrointestinal Disease in 27 New World Camelids: Clinical and Surgical Findings     

CHRISTOPHER K. CEBRA VMD  MS  Diplmate ACVIM    MARGARET L. CEBRA VMD  MS  Diplmate ACVIM    FRANKLYN B. GARRY DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVIM    R. SCOTT LARSEN DVM  GARY M. BAXTER DVM  MS  Diplmate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(2):112-121

Objective—To describe clinical and surgical findings from New World camelids with acute gastrointestinal disease.
Study Design—Retrospective study.
Animal Population—20 llamas and 7 alpacas.
Methods—Camelids were grouped based on surgical lesions. Clinical and surgical findings were compared between groups and between surviving and nonsurviving camelids.
Results—Twelve of 27 initial celiotomies and 3 of 4 repeat celiotomies were successful. Death occurred from euthanasia during surgery (nine camelids), peritonitis or sepsis (five), aspiration pneumonia (one), and respiratory distress (one). Survival was lowest after celiotomy for proximal obstruction (3 of 10 camelids), ruptured viscus (0 of 4), and necrotizing enteritis (0 of 2) and highest after celiotomy for distal obstruction (10 of 13) and septic peritonitis without ruptured viscus (2 of 2). Before surgery, camelids with proximal obstruction had significantly lower ( P < .05) serum chloride concentrations (median, 97 mEq/L) than those with distal obstruction (median, 109 mEq/L) or ruptured viscus (median, 117 mEq/L). Serum bicarbonate concentration also was highest (median, 34.6 mEq/L) and often greater than 28 mEq/L in camelids with proximal obstruction. Camelids with distal obstruction had significantly lower ( P < .05) nucleated cell counts in peritoneal fluid (median, 700 cells/μL) than those with ruptured viscus (median, 20,600 cells/μL) or septic peritonitis (median, 88,300 cells/μL).
Conclusions—Camelids with proximal obstruction often had hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Camelids with distal obstruction had less metabolic derangement and tissue compromise and a higher survival rate.
Clinical Relevance—Awareness of the characteristics of the various types of acute gastrointestinal disease in camelids will augment veterinarians' ability to diagnose and treat these disorders.  相似文献   

Mycoplasmosis in racing pigeons     

R L REECE  L. IRELAND  P C SCOTT 《Australian veterinary journal》1986,63(5):166-167

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Inclusion body hepatitis associated with adenovirus-like particles in a cockatiel (Psittaciformes; Nymphicus hollandicus)     

P C SCOTT  R J CONDRON  R L REECE 《Australian veterinary journal》1986,63(10):337-338

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Albinism resulting from certain carbonic and thiocarbonic acid derivatives of hydrazine     

RHYKERD CL  GAUSMAN HW  SCOTT ES  AUDRIETH LF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1953,118(3059):192-193

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Light and electron microscope study of cell walls of brown and red algae     

DAWES CJ  SCOTT FM  BOWLER E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1960,132(3440):1663-1664

A survey of the structure of the cell walls of green, brown, and red algae, as seen under light and electron microscopes is in progress. In this report a comparison of the cell wall structure of a brown alga, Dictyota flabellata, and a red alga, Helminthocladia californica, is presented. In Dictyota, typicalofthe brown algae, the microfibrillar pattern in the apical cells and in the adjacent cells of the thallus tip is reticulate. In mature cells the microfibrils are dominantly parallel in orientation. Pits, fields ofclosely set pores, are distinctive. The microfibrils in the pit areas are masked by nonfibrillar material. Helminthocladia, with a cell wall characteristic of the red algae, differs from Dictyota in that the microfibrillar pattern is reticulate throughout the thallus. In the pit areas the microfibrils are not masked by amorphous material.  相似文献   

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Ferric-Hyaluronate Implants for Delivery of Amikacin Sulfate to the Tarsocrural Joint of Horses     

NICOLA C. CRIBB  VetMB  DVSc  Diplomate ACVS    LUDOVIC P. BOURÉ  DMV  MSc  Diplomate ACVS    W. J. BRAD HANNA  DVM  PhD    MARGARETE K. AKENS  Dr med vet  PhD    SHAWN E. MATTSON  DVM  DVSc  Diplomate ACVS    GABRIELLE J. MONTEITH  BSc    J. SCOTT WEESE  DVM  DVSc  Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(4):498-505

Objective— To assess the antimicrobial elution characteristics, toxicity, and antimicrobial activity of amikacin‐impregnated ferric‐hyaluronate implants (AI‐FeHAI) for amikacin delivery to the tarsocrural joint of horses. Study Design— Experimental study. Sample Population— AI‐FeHAI implants, equine cartilage, and synovium, and horses (n=6). Methods— In vitro study: Five AI‐FeHAI were placed in saline solution with daily replacement until implant degradation. Eluent was tested for amikacin concentration and bioactivity. Synovial and cartilage explants were incubated in the presence or absence of AI‐FeHAI for 72 hours and subsequently assessed for morphology, viability, and composition. Synovial explants were incubated with Staphylococcus aureus in the presence or absence of AI‐FeHAI. Spent medium was cultured daily and explants were assessed for morphology and viability after 96 hours. In vivo study: AI‐FeHAI were placed in 6 tarsocrural joints. Standard cytologic analysis and amikacin concentration (SFAC) were determined in synovia obtained regularly for 28 days thereafter. Similar analyses were conducted after a single intra‐articular injection of amikacin 6 months later. Results— In vitro study: Amikacin concentrations exceeded 16 μg/mL and inhibited S. aureus growth for 8 days. AI‐FeHAI had no effect on cartilage explants. AI‐FeHAI eliminated bacteria from synovial explants. In vitro study: After AI‐FeHAI placement, SFAC was highest (140.78+63.81 μg/mL) at first sampling time. By 24 hours SFAC was <16 μg/mL. After intra‐articular injection, SFAC was the highest (377.91 ± 40.15 μg/mL) at first sampling time. By 48 hours SFAC was <16 μg/mL. Conclusions— A single intra‐articular amikacin injection demonstrated superior pharmacokinetics than AI‐FeHAI prepared as described. Clinical Relevance— AI‐FeHAI cannot be recommended for clinical use.  相似文献