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EBERHARD ROSIN DVM PhD DiplomateACVs STEVE RICHARDSON BS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1987,16(4):269-272
Load-deformation data were used to determine the strength of healing abdominal incisions in dogs at 7, 14, and 21 days after wounding. The breaking energy of paramedian incisions closed by suturing the internal and external leaves of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle vs. incisions closed by suturing the external leaf only was similar in the 12 dogs studied. Closure of abdominal incisions by suturing only the external leaf of the rectus sheath provided wound strength comparable to the traditional method. 相似文献
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FEDERICO G. LATIMER DVM MS Diplomate ABVP JAMES T. BLACKFORD DVM MS Dipiomate ACVS NEAL VALK DVM PAUL WAN DVM Dipiomate ACVS STEVE PATTON DVM PhD Dipiomate ACVP 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(1):17-28
Objective—To use gastrointestinal linear stapling instrumentation to perform a closed one-stage functional end-to-end jejunojejunostomy in adult horses as an alternative to a stapled side-to-side jejunojejunostomy.
Study Design—Clinical outcome, anatomic and histological architecture, and anastomotic dimensions were determined at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Animals or Sample Population—18 adult horses.
Methods—The anastomosis and peritoneal cavity were inspected for adhesions. The diameter and circumference of the anastomosis and jejunum oral and aboral to the anastomosis were determined from digitized contrast radiographs and linear measurements. Healing of anastomotic sites was evaluated histologically.
Results—Three horses were euthantized in the immediate postoperative period. In the 15 surviving horses, there were no peritoneal adhesions or distortion of the anastomoses and stomas remodeled in an end-to-end fashion. The mean anastomotic staple line (7.48 cm) and mucosa (6.89 cm) diameters were significantly ( P < .05) larger than the mean jejunal diameter oral (6.03 cm) and aboral (6.01 cm) to the anastomosis. The mean anastomotic luminal circumference (13.61 cm) was significantly ( P < .01) larger than the mean oral (11.43 cm) and aboral (11.12 cm) jejunal circumference. Histologically, there was adequate mucosal and muscularis mucosae reapposition with a moderate degree of fibrosis and inflammation.
Conclusions —Closed one-stage functional end-to-end jejunojejunostomy resulted in an acceptable functional anastomosis.
Clinical Relevance —This technique appears to be an acceptable alternative to linearly stapled, side-to-side jejunojejunostomies performed in horses. 相似文献
Study Design—Clinical outcome, anatomic and histological architecture, and anastomotic dimensions were determined at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Animals or Sample Population—18 adult horses.
Methods—The anastomosis and peritoneal cavity were inspected for adhesions. The diameter and circumference of the anastomosis and jejunum oral and aboral to the anastomosis were determined from digitized contrast radiographs and linear measurements. Healing of anastomotic sites was evaluated histologically.
Results—Three horses were euthantized in the immediate postoperative period. In the 15 surviving horses, there were no peritoneal adhesions or distortion of the anastomoses and stomas remodeled in an end-to-end fashion. The mean anastomotic staple line (7.48 cm) and mucosa (6.89 cm) diameters were significantly ( P < .05) larger than the mean jejunal diameter oral (6.03 cm) and aboral (6.01 cm) to the anastomosis. The mean anastomotic luminal circumference (13.61 cm) was significantly ( P < .01) larger than the mean oral (11.43 cm) and aboral (11.12 cm) jejunal circumference. Histologically, there was adequate mucosal and muscularis mucosae reapposition with a moderate degree of fibrosis and inflammation.
Conclusions —Closed one-stage functional end-to-end jejunojejunostomy resulted in an acceptable functional anastomosis.
Clinical Relevance —This technique appears to be an acceptable alternative to linearly stapled, side-to-side jejunojejunostomies performed in horses. 相似文献
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LISANEWORK NIGATU ASRESIE HASSEN JANMEJAI SHARMA STEVE W. ADKINS 《Weed Biology and Management》2010,10(3):143-152
An investigation into the impact of Parthenium hysterophorus infestation was conducted in 2007 in the north‐eastern grazing lands of Ethiopia. Data on the above‐ground and seedbank species diversity were collected from five areas, each having sites with low, medium, or high levels of weed infestation. A total of 72 species was found in all areas. They were categorized into grass species (23), other species (48), or P. hysterophorus for ease of interpretation. A regression analysis showed a highly significant, but negative, relationship between the above‐ground species diversity and evenness with P. hysterophorus abundance. The mean cover abundance for the three infestation levels was 33.4% for P. hysterophorus, 41.0% for the grass species, and 26.5% for the other species. The most dominant grass species under all infestation levels were Cynodon dactylon, Urochloa panicoides, and Chloris gayana, while Andropogon abyssinicus and Eragrostis spp. were dominant under the low and medium infestation levels, respectively, and Hyparrhenia hirta was dominant under the low infestation level. Among the other species, Solanum nigrum was the most dominant under the low infestation level and Datura stramonium and Xanthium spp. were the most dominant under the medium and high infestation levels, respectively. The above‐ground dry biomass of P. hysterophorus increased between the low and high infestation levels, while that of the grass or other species reduced in the high, as compared to the low, infestation level. Although the grass species density decreased significantly with successive increases in the P. hysterophorus infestation level, no such trend could be seen for the other species. Within the soil seed bank, the viable seed density for the grass species, other species, and P. hysterophorus were 25.7, 5.8, and 68.5%, respectively. Similarly, the soil seed bank under the low‐, medium‐, and high‐infestation sites was dominated by P. hysterophorus, which contributed 25.1, 65.4, and 87.4% of the viable seed bank, respectively. Although the overall similarity between the above‐ground vegetation composition and the soil seed bank was low, it was similar at the low‐infested site. Thus, the invasion by P. hysterophorus was found to critically endanger the biodiversity of the grazing lands, particularly for the different grass and forbs species in the area. These changes might adversely affect not only future agriculture, but also food security, unless appropriate practises are developed and implemented for P. hysterophorus management. 相似文献
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STEVE SASANOW 《Soil Use and Management》1985,1(1):34-36
IN 1984, there was no more body debated scientific issue than 'acid rain'—the somewhat amorphous term covering a number of industrial-based airborne pollutants that chemically alter the pH of precipitation and, thus eventually, of soil and water resources. 相似文献
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Phenylbutazone in the horse: a review 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
THOMAS TOBIN SYLVIA CHAY STEVE KAMERLING WILLIAM E. WOODS T.J. WECKMAN J. W. BLAKE PETER LEES† 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1986,9(1):1-25
Phenylbutazone is an acidic, lipophilic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is extensively metabolized in the horse. The metabolites so far identified, oxyphenbutazone, gamma-hydroxyoxyphenbutazone, account for some 25-30% of administered dose over 24 h. The plasma half-life of phenylbutazone and termination of its pharmacological action are determined primarily by its rate of hepatic metabolism. Phenylbutazone acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system, which is responsible for synthesis of prostanoids such as PGE2. It appears to act on prostaglandin-H synthase and prostacyclin synthase, after conversion by prostaglandin-H synthase to reactive intermediates. It markedly reduces prostanoid-dependent swelling, edema, erythema, and hypersensitivity to pain in inflamed tissues. Its principal use in the horse is for treatment of soft tissue inflammation. Phenylbutazone is highly bound (greater than 98%) to plasma protein. After i.v. injection, blood levels decline with an elimination half-life of 3-10 h. The plasma kinetics of phenylbutazone may be dose dependent, with the plasma half-life increasing as the drug dosage level increases. Plasma residues of the drug at 24 h after a single i.v. dose of 2 g/450 kg average about 0.9 microgram/ml, but considerable variation occurs. If dosing is repeated, the plasma residue accumulates to give mean residual blood levels of approximately 4.5 microgram/ml on Day 5 after 4 days of dosing. Approximately similar blood levels are found after a combination of oral and i.v. dosing. Experiments on large numbers of horses in training have been undertaken to ascertain the population distributions of residual blood levels after such dosing schedules. Absorption of phenylbutazone from the gastrointestinal tract is influenced by the dose administered and the relationship of dosing to feeding. Access to hay can delay the time of peak plasma concentration to 18 h or longer. Under optimal conditions, the bioavailability of oral phenylbutazone is probably in the region of 70%. Paste preparations may be more slowly absorbed than other preparations and yield higher residual plasma levels at 24 h after dosing, but further controlled studies are required. Phenylbutazone is easily detected in the plasma and urine of horses but concentrations in saliva are low. It is quantitated for forensic purposes by HPLC. The variability of this method between laboratories is about +/- 25%. Increasing urinary pH increases the urinary concentration of phenylbutazone and its metabolites up to 200-fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
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HANWEN WU STEVE WALKER MICHAEL JONATHAN ROLLIN DANIEL KEAN YUEN TAN GEOFF ROBINSON JEFF WERTH 《Weed Biology and Management》2007,7(3):192-199
Flaxleaf fleabane ( Conyza bonariensis [L.] Cronquist) is a difficult-to-control weed in dryland minimum tillage farming systems in the northern grains region of Australia. Experiments under field and controlled environments were conducted to study the seed germination, emergence, and persistence of C. bonariensis . The base, optimum, and maximum temperatures for seedling germination were estimated at 4.2, 20, and 35°C, respectively, with light stimulating germination. The soil types and burial depths had significant effects on seed persistence and emergence. The persistence pattern showed an initial rapid drop, followed by a slow but steady decline over time. After 3 years of burial, there were ≈ 7.5%, 9.7%, and 1.3% viable seeds at 10, 5, and 0–2 cm soil depths, respectively. Conyza bonariensis predominantly emerged from the soil surface or from the burial depth of 0.5 cm. Very few seeds emerged from a depth of 1 cm and none emerged from ≥ 2 cm. The emergence was greater in lighter soils. On-farm monitoring of the field emergence over time in a light sandy loam soil showed that 99% emergence occurred in late autumn, early and late winter, and a small fraction of 1% emerged in mid-spring. The predominant emergence from the soil surface suggests that the fleabane problem is a result of weed species shift toward the minimum tillage systems that provide moist conditions for better emergence compared to conventional tillage systems. The seed longevity of at least 3 years in the soil and the prolonged emergence patterns between autumn and spring have posed great difficulties for the long-term management of C. bonariensis . 相似文献
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TERESA HOUSTON SYLVIA CHAY WILLIAM E. WOODS GLENITA COMBS STEVE KAMERLING J. W. BLAKE ALAN G. EDMUNDSON ROBERT VESSINEY † THOMAS TOBIN 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1985,8(2):136-149
A survey of plasma and urinary concentrations of phenylbutazone and its metabolites in thoroughbred horses racing in Kentucky was carried out. Post-race blood samples from more than 200 horses running at Latonia Racetrack and Keeneland in the Spring of 1983 were analysed. The modal plasma concentration of phenylbutazone was between 1 and 2 micrograms/ml, the mean concentration was 3.5 micrograms/ml and the range was up to 15 micrograms/ml. Oxyphenbutazone had a modal plasma concentration between 1 and 2 micrograms/ml, a mean concentration of 2.07 micrograms/ml and a range of up to 13 micrograms/ml. gamma OH-phenylbutazone had a modal plasma concentration of less than 1 microgram/ml, a mean level of 1.39 micrograms/ml and a range of up to 7.32 micrograms/ml. All plasma concentration frequency distributions were well fitted by log normal distributions. Urinary concentrations of phenylbutazone yielded modal concentrations of less than 1 microgram/ml, a mean urinary concentration of 2.9 micrograms/ml, with a range of up to 30.5 micrograms/ml. This population fitted a log-normal distribution. For oxyphenbutazone the modal concentration was less than 3 micrograms/ml, the mean concentration was 15.26 micrograms/ml, with a range to 81.5 micrograms/ml. The frequency distribution of these samples was apparently bimodal. For gamma OH-phenylbutazone, the modal concentration was less than 4 micrograms/ml, the mean concentration 21.23 micrograms/ml, with a range of up to 122 micrograms/ml. The population frequency distribution for gamma OH-phenylbutazone was indeterminate. Analysis of the pH of these post-race urine samples showed a bimodal frequency distribution. The pH values observed ranged from 4.9 to 8.7, with peaks at about pH 5.25 and 7.25. This bimodal pattern of urinary pH values is consistent with observations made in England and Japan. Urinary pH influenced the concentrations of phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone and gamma OH-phenylbutazone found in the urine samples. The concentration of these metabolites found in alkaline urines were from 32 to 225 times greater than those found in acidic urines. Plasma concentrations of phenylbutazone and its metabolites, however, were unaffected by urinary pH. In interlaboratory experiments, horses running at Hollywood Park were dosed with phenylbutazone at about 2 g/1000 lbs 24 and 48 h before racing, and a mean dose of 0.6 g/1000 lbs at 72 h prior to racing. Post-race plasma samples from these horses showed phenylbutazone concentrations ranging from 0.44 to 9.97 micrograms/ml, with a mean concentration of 4.09 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献