Identification of mannosidosis heterozygotes--factors affecting normal plasma alpha-mannosidase levels   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R D Jolly  K G Thompson  C A Tse  R E Munford  M Merrall 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1974,22(9):155-162

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Respiratory infection of cattle associated with Myxovirus parainfluenza 3     

R D Jolly 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1967,15(3):43-44

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Some aspects of the epidemiology of equine grass sickness     

J S Gilmour  G M Jolly 《The Veterinary record》1974,95(4):77-81

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Plasma mannosidase activity as a means of detecting mannosidosis heterozygotes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R D Jolly  C A Tse  R M Greenway 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1973,21(4):64-69

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Bovine virus diarrhoea (mucosal disease): case report and virus isolation     

R D Jolly  L B Fastier  H J McAllum 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1967,15(10):178-180

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Dietary Standards for Laboratory Animals     

Donald W. Jolly 《The Journal of small animal practice》1977,18(11):752-752

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B-mode and M-mode echocardiography of endurance horses raised in São Paulo State, Brazil     

Lilian Emy dos Santos Michima DVM  MS  Sabrina Martins Latorre DVM  Andr Furugen Csar de Andrade  Veterinary medicine student  Wilson Roberto Fernandes DVM  MS  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2004,24(10):451-457

This study aimed to evaluate cardiac dimensions and indexes of cardiac function in endurance horses using bidimensional- (B-) mode and guided unidimensional- (M-) mode echocardiography. Thirty-five Arabian and crossbred Arabian male and female horses, aged 5 to 18 years old, with an average weight of 415.51 ± 36.76 kg and at least 1 year of endurance training and competition experience, were used. The following values were obtained for B-mode echocardiography in the right parasternal window (see “Materials and Methods” for expanded terms): RVIDd 2.54 ± 0.56 cm; RVIDs 2.08 ± 0.68 cm; IVSd 2.60 ± 0.31 cm; IVSs 3.90 ± 0.44 cm; LVIDd 10.07 ± 0.85 cm; LVIDs 6.65 ± 0.92 cm; LVFWd 2.50 ± 0.30 cm; LVFWs 3.74 ± 0.35 cm; Aod 7.86 ± 0.72 cm; LAs 10.84 ± 0.93 cm; Vd 578.40 ± 108 cm³; Vs 232.68 ± 70.61 cm³; FS% 34.99% ± 8.02%; EF% 60.13% ± 8.29%; E-point 2.25 ± 0.49 cm; and LAs:Aod 1.38 ± 0.16 cm. Using guided M-mode, the following values were obtained: RVIDd 2.04 ± 0.55 cm; RVIDs 1.61 ± 0.71 cm; IVSd 2.68 ± 0.29 cm; IVSs 4.17 ± 0.42 cm; LVIDd 9.72 ± 0.72 cm; LVIDs 5.94 ± 0.96 cm; LVFWd 2.69 ± 0.32 cm; LVFWs 4.23 ± 0.69 cm; Aod 7.21 ± 0.75 cm; Vd 534.24 ± 87.53 cm³; Vs 181.75 ± 67.69 cm³; FS% 39.06% ± 7.66%; EF% 66.38% ± 9.41%; and E-point 1.96 ± 0.58 cm.

Introduction

In equine sports medicine, it is important to evaluate the cardiovascular condition of the athlete. More recently, echocardiography has been used for this purpose.Echocardiography is an invaluable diagnostic aid, since it is non-invasive and easy to perform,[1, 2 and 3] while offering a dynamic and functional evaluation of the heart. [2, 3, 4 and 5].Initially, studies on the M-mode were made, including measurements of normal cardiac dimensions in horses[6 and 7] and foals and for the diagnosis of several cardiac diseases. [1] With the introduction of the B-mode technique in the mid-1980s and its validation, a more detailed anatomic evaluation was possible, [2, 8 and 9] thus allowing the observation of cardiac abnormalities. [10]Though echocardiographic examination could be used to predict the athletic condition of individuals,[11] this is possible only if normal echocardiographic reference values are established. As different breeds have different biotypes and develop different aptitudes, it is necessary to provide enough information for each type of work or breed. Research includes data for the Thoroughbred racehorse [3, 12 and 13] and Standardbred trotter, [14 and 15] which perform essentially anaerobic work.The endurance race is a modality that is growing significantly in Brazil, both in number of participants and in quality and training of the animals. The endurance horse demands a physical conditioning that differs from that required for racehorses, especially owing to the development of aerobic work. In addition, the animals are mainly Arabian or Arabian crossbred, which have a particular biotype. Because of these facts, and the lack of data about the echocardiographic behavior of endurance horses, this study aimed to determine the dimensions and indexes of cardiac function for horses with endurance training using B-mode and guided M-mode echocardiography.

Materials and methods

Thirty-five clinically normal endurance Arabian and Arabian crossbred male and female horses between 5 and 18 years old, with an average weight of 415.51 ± 36.76 kg, were included in the study. All animals had at least 1 year of training and experience in competitions and were kept under similar hygienic, sanitary, and nutritional management. Training consisted of trail rides, alternating walking, trotting, and galloping, from 20 to 40 km per day, 3 to 4 times per week.The echocardiographic examination was performed with a Sonosite model 180 Plus v. 1.9 echocardiograph, using a 2-4–MHz electronic microconvex transducer with a maximal depth of 24 cm.The animals were prepared as previously reported,[4, 16 and 17] the hair being coated with large amounts of acoustic coupling gel. During the examination, the animals were at rest, calm, and physically restrained only by the halter, in a quiet and dark room.The following echocardiographic measurements, in B-mode as well as guided M-mode, were performed: the left atrium internal diameter in systole (LAs), only in B-mode, in the long axis view, dorsal to the annulus[15]; the right ventricle internal diameter, in diastole (RVIDd) and in systole (RVIDs); the interventricular septum thickness, in diastole (IVSd) and in systole (IVSs); the left ventricle internal diameter, in diastole (LVIDd) and in systole (LVIDs); and the left ventricle free wall thickness, in diastole (LVFWd) and in systole (LVFWs), from the left ventricle short axis view at the chordal level; and the aortic root internal diameter (Aod), from the aortic valve short axis view. The B-mode measurements were taken according to Patteson et al, [12] and the M-mode measurements were based on Long et al. [18]Images were obtained from the right hemithorax. The position used for the transducer to obtain the standardized images for B-mode and guided M-mode were determined and used as described in Reef.[4 and 17]The echocardiographic examination began using the B-mode echocardiography, with the establishment of the tomographic planes, evaluating morphology of the cardiac structures and their movement in a global manner.The first image obtained was the right parasternal long axis view, with the observation of the ventricle inlets, atrioventricular valves, and both atria. With the transducer positioned to optimize visualization of the left atrium, usually with a minimal dorsal angulation, the LAs measurement was made, immediately before the opening of the mitral valve (Fig 1).  相似文献   

Botulinum toxin A as a treatment for delayed gastric emptying in a dog     

Max L. Rinaldi  Boel A. Fransson  Sabrina L. Barry 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(7):673-677

A toy Australian shepherd dog was referred for bile peritonitis following excision of a biliary mucocele. Subsequent delayed gastric emptying was refractory to prokinetic therapy but responded to injection of botulinum toxin A into the muscularis layer of the pylorus; a novel therapy for delayed gastric emptying in dogs.  相似文献   

Lemur social behavior and primate intelligence   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

A Jolly 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,153(735):501-506

Our human intellect has resulted from an enormous leap in capacity above the level of monkeys and apes. Earlier, though, Old and New World monkeys' intelligence outdistanced that of other mammals, including the prosimian primates. This first great advance in intelligence probably was selected through interspecific competition on the large continents. However, even at this early stage, primate social life provided the evolutionary context of primate intelligence. Two arguments support this conclusion. One is ontogenetic: modern monkeys learn so much of their social behavior, and learn their behavior toward food and toward other species through social example. The second is phylogenetic: some prosimians, the social lemurs, have evolved the usual primate type of society and social learning without the capacity to manipulate objects as monkeys do. It thus seems likely that the rudiments of primate society preceded the growth of primate intelligence, made it possible, and determined its nature.  相似文献   

Reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex     

Pizzorusso T  Medini P  Berardi N  Chierzi S  Fawcett JW  Maffei L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5596):1248-1251

In young animals, monocular deprivation leads to an ocular dominance shift, whereas in adults after the critical period there is no such shift. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) inhibitory for axonal sprouting. We tested whether the developmental maturation of the ECM is inhibitory for experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. The organization of CSPGs into perineuronal nets coincided with the end of the critical period and was delayed by dark rearing. After CSPG degradation with chondroitinase-ABC in adult rats, monocular deprivation caused an ocular dominance shift toward the nondeprived eye. The mature ECM is thus inhibitory for experience-dependent plasticity, and degradation of CSPGs reactivates cortical plasticity.  相似文献