Polyculture of western white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 with Grey mullet,Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 controls external parasites of western white shrimp          下载免费PDF全文

Seyyed Hossein Hosseini Aghuzbeni  Saeed Hajirezaee  Hossein Khara 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(9):2983-2988

The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of a polyculture system on the control of the external parasites of western white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. To this end, the western white shrimp postlarvae (PLs) were stocked in nine earthen ponds (600 m²) at a density of 20 PLs m^?2 and reared for 4 months. After 40 days of shrimp stocking, Mullets, Mugil cephalus, were stocked at various densities including: control (0 fish/100 m² pond), treatment 1 (T₁: 2 fish/100 m² pond) and treatment 2 (T₂: 4 fish/100 m² pond). Over the course of the experiment, the external parasites of shrimps were investigated by the preparation of a wet mount from the gill tissue. Based on the obtained results, totally two genera of protozoan parasites, i.e. Zoothamnium sp. and Epistylis sp., were identified over the course of the experiment. In all experimental groups, the incidence and abundance of Zoothamnium sp. was significantly higher than Epistylis sp. (P < 0.05). Also, mean incidence per cent and mean abundance of Zoothamnium sp. and Epistylis sp. were significantly lower in the polyculture treatments (T₁ and T₂) compared to the monoculture group (control) (P < 0.05). Throughout this experiment, the total organic matter (TOM %) content of the bottom sediments and biological oxygen demand (BOD₅ mg L^?1) of water samples in the polyculture ponds were significantly lower than the monoculture group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the polyculture ponds had a higher concentration of water dissolved oxygen (O₂ mg L^?1) compared to the monoculture (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results show that mullet as a secondary farmed species can reduce indirectly the parasitic pollution of western white shrimp probably through reducing the total organic matters in water and sediments and improving the water quality parameters.  相似文献   

Growth and photosynthesis of salt‐stressed sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plants as affected by foliar‐applied different potassium salts     

Muhammad Saeed Akram  Muhammad Ashraf  Muhammad Shahbaz  Nudrat Aisha Akram 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2009,172(6):884-893

In order to assess the effectiveness of foliar‐applied potassium (K⁺, 1.25%) using different salts (KCl, KOH, K₂CO₃, KNO₃, KH₂PO₄, and K₂SO₄) in ameliorating the inhibitory effect of salt stress on sunflower plants, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Sodium chloride (150 mM) was applied through the rooting medium to 18 d–old plants and after 1 week of salt treatment; different K⁺‐containing salts were applied twice in 1‐week interval as a foliar spray. Salt stress adversely affected the growth, yield components, gas exchange, and water relations, and also caused nutrient imbalance in sunflower plants. However, foliar‐applied different sources of potassium improved shoot and root fresh and shoot dry weights, achene yield, 100‐achene weight, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water‐use efficiency, relative water content, and leaf and root K⁺ concentrations of sunflower plants grown under saline conditions. Under nonsaline conditions, improvement in shoot fresh weight, achene yield, 100‐achene weight, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and root Na⁺ concentration was observed due to foliar‐applied different K sources. Of the different salts, K₂SO₄, KH₂PO₄, KNO₃, and K₂CO₃ were more effective than KCl and KOH in improving growth and some key physiological processes of sunflower plants.  相似文献   

Total Oxidative status of Mouse Vitrified Pre-Antral Follicles with Pre-Treatment of Alpha Lipoic Acid     

Sahar Hatami  Saeed Zavareh  Mojdeh Salehnia  Taghi Lashkarbolouki  Mohammad Taghi Ghorbanian  Isaac Karimi 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2014,18(3):181-188

Background: Cryopreservation of pre-antral follicles is a hopeful technique to preserve female fertility. The aim of the present study was to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels of mouse vitrified pre-antral follicles in the presence of alpha lipoic acid (ALA). Methods: Isolated pre-antral follicles (140–150 µm in diameter) were divided into vitrified–warmed and fresh groups. Each group was subjected to in vitro maturation with or without ALA for 12 days, followed by adding human chronic gonadotropin to induce ovulation. In vitro fertilization was performed to evaluate their developmental competence. In parallel, the amount of ROS and TAC were assessed after 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of culture by 2'',7''-dichlorofluorescin assay and ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay, respectively. Results: The respective rates of survival, antrum formation, and metaphase II oocytes were significantly higher in ALA-supplemented groups compared to the groups not treated with ALA. TAC and ROS levels were significantly decreased and increased, respectively during the culture period up to 96 h in the absence of ALA in both vitrified and non-vitrified samples. However, with pretreatment of ALA, TAC levels were increased significantly and remained constant up to 96 h in vitrified-warmed pre-antral follicles, while ROS levels completely returned to the level of starting point after 96 h of culture in the presence of ALA. Conclusion: Pretreatment of ALA positively influences development of pre-antral follicles in vitrified and non-vitrified samples through increasing follicular TAC level and decreasing ROS levels. Key Words: Vitrification, Pre-antral follicle, Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC)  相似文献   

Salt effects on growth and mineral contents of Diplachne fusca (Kallar grass)     

A. Saeed Bhatti  G. Sarwar  J. Wieneke  M. Tahir 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):239-254

Effects of NaCl, KC1, and CaCl₂ alone, and in combinations of NaCl/KCl and NaCl/CaCl₂ on growth and ion uptake by ‘Kallar'grass in soil and in solution cultures were studied. In soil up to 150 mM NaCl and KCl had little effect on growth but CaCl₂ depressed growth strongly. Dry weights in 150 mM NaCl/KCl decreased but remained little affected in NaCl/CaCl₂. Plant response to Na⁺ was little affected by Ca⁺⁺ or K⁺ and no interactions between Na⁺ and Ca⁺⁺ or Na⁺ and K⁺ were observed. Plant tissue exhibited a strong selectivity for K⁺ over Na⁺ Concentrations of Na and Cl in the tops exceeded those in the roots. Leaf transections are presented providing some information on the tissue anatomy.  相似文献   

Na+ and Cl−: Leaf extrusion,retranslocation and root efflux in diplachne fusca (kallar grass) grown in NaCl     

A. Saeed Bhatti  J. Wieneke 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1233-1250

Abstract

Groups of “Kallar”; grass plants were subjected to various treatments of 100 mM NaCl simultaneously labelled with ²²Na⁺ and ³⁶Cl^?. On the basis of the specific activity, the distribution of Na and Cl^? in the tissue was followed during and after treatment, i.e. after transfer of some groups to an identical but inactive solution. Sequential collections of leaf washes showed that both Na and Cl^? were extruded at a somewhat constant rate. Leaf sheaths accumulated more Na⁺ and Cl^? than the leaf blades and the amounts of Na⁺ and Cl^? in the leaf sheaths as a percentage of their total plant content (i.e. 28% and 31%) approximated the amounts of Na and Cl^? extruded by the leaves (i.e. 23%). Moreover, almost equivalent amounts of Na⁺ (21%) and Cl^? (29%) were removed by root efflux which continued even several days after transfer of the plants to the inactive, saline solution. Part of the Na⁺ and Cl^? was retranslocated from the tops to the roots and was attributed to phloem export.

Tolerance of Kallar grass to NaCl was thus related to preventing the tissue from accumulating high concentration by extrusion of both Na⁺ and Cl^? by the leaves and their efflux by the roots in addition to an equivalent retention in the leaf sheaths.  相似文献   

Alternative treatments for late blight control in organic potato: Antagonistic micro-organisms and compost extracts for activity againstPhytophthora infestans     

R. Ghorbani  S. Wilcockson  C. Leifert 《Potato Research》2005,48(3-4):181-189

Summary The effects of various fungi, bacteria and different compost extracts on foliar infection of potato (Solatium tuberosum) withPhytophthora infestans were tested in detached leaf bioassays in 2001–2003. Application of microorganism inocula and compost extracts as well as copper oxychloride to excised leaves resulted in different degrees of blight control. In general, suppression of blight lesion growth was not improved by applying the antagonists before the leaves were inoculated withPhytophthora spores. There was some evidence that extracts made from different compost feed stocks of different ages suppressed leaflet infection with blight. However, results were very limited and inconsistent. Moreover, the effects were much smaller than where copper oxychloride was used. Improved efficacy of acceptable alternatives to copper fungicides especially in organic farming is required. No promising effective alternative to the use of copper fungicides to reduce late blight infection in organic potato production systems was identified in the experiments.  相似文献   

Yield Components and Fatty Acids Variation of Canola Cultivars Under Different Irrigation Regimes and Planting Dates     

Khalatbari  Amirhossein  Shirani Rad  Amirhossein  Valadabady  Seyed Alireza  Sayfzadeh  Saeed  Zakerin  Hamidreza 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2022,74(1):17-27

To investigate the effect of different planting dates and irrigation regimes on six canola cultivars, a 2-year (2014–2016) experiment was conducted at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Karaj. The experiments were conducted as the factorial split-plot in a randomized complete block design including six canola cultivars (Gabriella, Brutus, Triangle, Marathon, Danube, and Natali), two irrigation regimes (fully irrigated and irrigation termination at the flowering stage) and two planting dates (October 1 and November 1). The results showed that irrigation termination from the flowering stage prevented the supply of required material for filling the seeds and the metabolism of the seed compounds and reduced the growth period of the seed. Therefore, a reduction was observed in the content of oleic and linoleic acids and proline. Also, water deficit stress caused an increase in the glucosinolate content of the seed. The response of canola cultivars was different in terms of fatty acids, so that the Natali cultivar had higher palmitic, oleic acids, and proline content compared to the other cultivars at both planting dates. Fully irrigated treatment and planting date of October 1 produced the highest amount of seed and oil yield (4659 and 2073?kg ha^?1), palmitic acid (5.5%), and proline (22.7?μmol/g) content, and the lowest glucosinolate content (13.2?mg/g). Generally, the Natali cultivar and planting date of October 1 and the fully irrigated regime are highly recommended in the studied area regarding qualitative traits and yield of canola.

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Population structure and phylogenetic relationship of Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and Nectarine [Prunus persica var. nucipersica (L.) C.K. Schneid.] based on retrotransposon markers     

Naeem  Hina  Awan  Faisal Saeed  Dracatos  Peter Michael  Sajid  Muhammad Wasim  Saleem  Shahzad  Yousafi  Qudsia  Khan  Muhammad Saad  Mehmood  Asim  Zulfiqar  Bushra 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(7):3011-3023

For effective varietal improvement of horticultural crops peach (Prunus persica) and nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica), information about their population structure and genetic relatedness plays an important role. In this study we used retrotransposon-based markers (iPBS) to estimate the genetic diversity and population structure of 48 peach and nectarine genotypes from various distinct geographical regions of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 461 alleles were identified from PCR amplicons derived from nine iPBS primer pairs with an average of 8.5 alleles/locus. Among all four groups the genotypes collected from Swat and Hunza had the highest and the lowest expected heterozygosity, unbiased expected heterozygosity and Shannon’s information index, respectively. We constructed a Neighbour-Joining dendrogram and performed principal coordinate analysis based on the distance matrices, and both forms of analysis grouped the 48 genotypes into two distinct clusters. The STRUCTURE software distributed the forty-eight genotypes into two main populations (k?=?2) indicating a low diversity between genotypes collected from Chakwal, Swat, Mansehra and Hunza.

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Effects of steckling weight and planting density on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) monogerm seed yield and qualitative traits     

Hemayati SS  Taleghani DF  Shahmoradi S 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(2):226-231

In order to determine the effects of steckling weight and planting density on sugar beet monogerm (Cv. 9597) seed quantitative and qualitative characteristics, this experiment was carried out in Ardabil Agricultural Research Station-Iran (38 degrees 30'N and 48 degrees 30'E) during 2 years (2002-2003). In the study, steckling weight (main-plot) in three levels including 100, 100-200 and 200-300 g and planting density (sub-plot) in three levels including 40, 50 and 60 cm were used in a split-plot experiment based on the RCBD (Randomized Complete Blocks Design) with 5 replications. The measured characteristics were morphological and qualitative (velocity and uniformity of germination) characters, seed size distribution and monogerm seed percentage. According to the results of the experiment, the effect of planting density on the auxiliary branches No. and seed yield was significant at the probability levels of 1 and 5%, respectively. Seed yield increased by 43% as planting density was increased from 65 x 40 to 65 x 60 cm. The increase in steckling weight led to the increase in standard seed portion (with 3.5-4.5 mm in diameter), germinable standard seed yield (11%) and decrease in germination velocity and germination uniformity; and increase in planting density was accompanied by increase in > 4.5 mm seed percentage, velocity and uniformity of germination and decrease in germinable standard seed yield. Eventually, the highest seed yield (1208 kg ha(-1)) was obtained by using steckling weight of 200-300 g and planting density of 65 x 60 cm.  相似文献   

Isolation of Streptococci from milk samples of normal, acute and subclinical mastitis cows and determination of their antibiotic susceptibility patterns     

Ebrahimi A  Nikookhah F  Nikpour S  Majiian F  Gholami M 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(1):148-150

Streptococci are frequently isolated from bovine mastitis in dairy cows with only limited information available on the antimicrobial susceptibility of these organisms. A total of 42 Streptococci isolated from 148 milk samples of normal, sub acute and acute bovine mastitis cases. Overall, 35% of the strains tested were Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus agalactiae 26%, Streptococcus uberis 18 and 4% were Enterococcus sp. Differences between the number of isolations in acute and sub acute groups were statistically significant, (p<0.5). The antimicrobial susceptibility for these organisms was determined for the following antimicrobial agents: cephalexine, penicillin, clindamycin, cloxaciline, gentamicin, streptomycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, kanamycin, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin. S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis and Enterococci demonstrated high level of resistance against streptomycin, penicillin and cloxaciline. Low level of sensitivity to other tested antimicrobials was demonstrated.  相似文献