Exertional Heat-Related Illnesses at the Grand Canyon National Park, 2004–2009     

CDR Rebecca S. Noe  Ekta Choudhary  LCDR Jennifer Cheng-Dobson  Amy F. Wolkin  CDR Sara B. Newman 《The Forestry Chronicle》2013,24(4):422-428

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Tissue Impedance Measurement Interpretation for Correct Veress Needle Placement in Feline Cadavers     

Sara Hyink DVM  Jacqueline C. Whittemore DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVIM  Amanda Mitchell DVM  Ann Reed MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(5):623-628

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Innovative Approach to Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Treatment of Unilateral Adrenal Gland Tumors in Dogs     

Elaine C. Naan DVM  Diplomate ECVS  Jolle Kirpensteijn DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVS  ACVS  Gilles P. Dupré DVM  Diplomate ECVS  Sara Galac DVM  PhD  MaryAnn G. Radlinsky DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(6):710-715

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Potassium fixation of some calcareous soils after short term extraction with different solutions     

Mahdi Najafi-Ghiri  Soodabeh Rezabigi  Sara Hosseini  Hamid Reza Boostani  Hamid Reza Owliaie 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(7):897-910

This investigation was done to determine the release of potassium (K) from five calcareous soils of southern Iran using 0.025 M CaCl₂, HCl and citric acid during six successive extractions and to study the K fixation capacity of the soils after K release experiment. Mineralogical study indicated that Vertisols and Mollisols were dominated with smectites; while other soils had illite, chlorite, palygorskite and smectite. Results indicated that citric acid extracted more K than CaCl₂ and HCl (137 vs. 111 and 113 mg kg^?1, respectively). The analysis of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and K concentrations in the solutions suggests that the exchange of K with soluble Ca and Mg (originated from dissolution of carbonates by acidic solutions) is the main mechanism of K release, but citrate is able to dissolve K-bearing minerals and release K in slightly calcareous soils. Soils with more illite released more K. Potassium fixation capacity of soils increased after extractions of soils with different extractants from 324 to 471 mg kg^?1, with no significant difference. It is suggested to apply more K fertilizers in K-depleted calcareous soils and use of different solutions for extracting K from soil minerals may be a temporary and short term solution.  相似文献   

The influence of field shape, area and surrounding landscape on plant species richness in grazed ex-fields   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sara A.O. Cousins  Elsa Aggemyr 《Biological conservation》2008,141(1):126-135

Over the past 100 years species-rich semi-natural grasslands have decreased dramatically in Western Europe, where former arable fields (ex-fields) are used instead as pasture. The disappearance of semi-natural grasslands has caused a threat to the biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Many typical grassland plants are dispersal limited, thus grazed ex-fields can be used to investigate if species spontaneously colonise these new grassland habitats. We examined the relationship between surrounding landscape, field area, shape, distance between edge and centre, and plant species diversity in ex-fields that had been grazed for 15-18 years. The results showed that there were 35% more plant species in fields surrounded by commercial forestry production compared to those surrounded by open agricultural landscape. Area and shape did not influence species richness, although there was increasing number of species in the centre with decreasing distance from the edge. Twenty-five percent of the species where typical grassland species, and ex-fields surrounded by forest had 91% more grassland species compared to those in the open landscape. It is possible to increase grassland plant occurrences by grazing ex-fields surrounded by forest or other grassland remnant habitats, particularly in landscapes where grazed semi-natural grasslands are scarce.  相似文献   

Influence of electron-beam irradiation on bioactive compounds in grapefruits ( Citrus paradisi Macf.)     

Girennavar B  Jayaprakasha GK  Mclin SE  Maxim J  Yoo KS  Patil BS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(22):10941-10946

Phytochemical levels in fruits and vegetables can be affected by several postharvest factors. In the present study, the effect of electron-beam (E-beam) irradiation was studied on grapefruit bioactive compounds. 'Rio Red' and 'Marsh White' grapefruits were irradiated with E-beam at 0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 kGy. Changes of various bioactive compounds, such as vitamin C, flavonoids, carotenoids, furocoumarins, and limonoids, were measured. The acidity decreased slightly with an increasing E-beam dose, whereas the total soluble solids were increased. Irradiation did not affect the vitamin C content at 1 kGy; however, doses beyond 1 kGy significantly reduced the vitamin C content. Lycopene and beta-carotene did not change significantly from the irradiation. Lycopene levels decreased as the E-beam dose increased, while the beta-carotene content slightly increased. Dihydroxybergamottin levels exhibited a decreasing trend, while the bergamottin content did not change. Naringin, a major flavonoid of grapefruit, showed a significant increase over the control at 10 kGy in both 'Rio Red' and 'Marsh White'. Nomilin continued to decrease with an increasing dose of E-beam irradiation, while limonin levels remained the same at all of the doses. Low-dose E-beam irradiation has very little effect on the bioactive compounds and offers a safe alternative to existing postharvest treatments for the disinfection and decontamination of grapefruits.  相似文献   

Microbiological and chemical characterization of a typical Italian cheese: Robiola di Roccaverano     

Bonetta S  Coïsson JD  Barile D  Bonetta S  Travaglia F  Piana G  Carraro E  Arlorio M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):7223-7230

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Nematode diversity,food web condition,and chemical and physical properties in different soil habitats of an organic farm     

Sara Sánchez-Moreno  Sean Smukler  Howard Ferris  Anthony T. O’Geen  Louise E. Jackson 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(5):727-744

The aim of this paper was to assess biodiversity among different habitats of an organic farm and the relationships between some soil properties, nematode taxonomic diversity, and soil food web condition. Eight habitats were studied in the farm: ponds, ditches, a riparian corridor, hedgerows, and four agricultural fields (mustard, oats, fallow, and legumes). The undisturbed riparian corridor had higher soil and concentrations, and potentially mineralizable N and higher abundances of bacterivore nematodes and longer food webs. Canonical correlation analysis showed associations between habitats and nematode trophic groups: predatory and bacterial-feeding nematodes in the riparian corridor and hedgerows, omnivore nematodes in the ponds and ditches, and fungal-feeding nematodes in the legume field. Soil chemical and physical properties mirrored the aboveground farm patterns and were more similar among habitats that were or had been cultivated, compared to the riparian corridor. Soil food web indices, based on functional analysis of nematode faunal composition, reflected the aboveground landscape heterogeneity. Discriminant analysis indicated that soil food web indices separated the two most disturbed habitats (ponds and tailwater ditches) from the two least disturbed habitats (the riparian corridor and hedgerows). The indices correlated with soil functioning as inferred by soil properties. Abundance of nematode taxa was not associated with aboveground landscape patterns. The complexity of the soil food web may have been influenced by (1) environmental factors that differed between years, (2) different time periods since disturbance in the various habitats, and (3) movement of nutrients and organisms by water flow between habitats in the farmscale.  相似文献   

Breeding Differently: Participatory Selection and Scaling Up Innovations in Colombia     

Teresa Mosquera Vásquez  Sara Del Castillo  David Cuéllar Gálvez  Luis Ernesto Rodríguez 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):361-381

Global challenges like sustainable development, climate change, malnutrition and gender inequality can be tackled from an agricultural perspective. Micronutrient deficiency is a major problem for the health and food security of the population. In Colombia, iron deficiencies affect 32% of the children under the age of five; and 43% of the Colombian population have zinc and vitamin A deficiencies. We designed and implemented a research-for-development programme that links agriculture and nutrition through a two-stage project. In the first stage, we selected three new yellow potato cultivars with better nutritional contents, higher yield and better resistance to late blight than the traditional yellow cultivars. We characterized the Colombian germplasm, Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja, for its nutritional attributes. During this stage, studies of the social and nutritional status of the communities were also conducted. In the second stage, we focused on scaling up new potato cultivars to reach potato producers and consumers by promoting the production and marketing of good quality seed potatoes, by establishing four Rural Entrepreneurs Nuclei. The programme promotes gender equity, good dietary habits, the consumption of more nutritious potatoes and empowers local leadership to strengthen governance. Field work was conducted in southern and central regions of Colombia by employing social strategies such as the Family Farming Community Schools. In 50% of the cultivated area, we are replacing the originally used traditional yellow potatoes by the new, more nutritious, potatoes to reach 6 million consumers. A good quality seed system for small-scale potato growers has been implemented. These achievements have been reached through a comprehensive approach in a period of two years.  相似文献   

Antioxidant Capacity of Beetroot: Traditional vs Novel Approaches     

Celia Carrillo  Raquel Rey  Marc Hendrickx  María del Mar Cavia  Sara Alonso-Torre 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2017,72(3):266-273

Red beetroot has been ranked among the 10 most potent antioxidant vegetables, although only extraction-based methods have been used to evaluate its total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the present study aims at comparing the traditional extraction-based method with two more recent approaches (QUENCHER -QUick, Easy, New, CHEap and Reproducible- and GAR -global antioxidant response method), in order to establish their suitability in the case of beetroot. Our results indicate that the total antioxidant capacity of beetroot would be underestimated when using extraction-based procedures, since both QUENCHER and GAR methods resulted in a higher total antioxidant capacity. The effect of a thermal treatment on the total antioxidant capacity of beetroot varies among the methods evaluated and our findings suggest different compounds responsible for the total antioxidant capacity detected in each pre-processing method. Remarkably, the present study demonstrates that the traditional extraction-based method seems useful to screen for (changes in) the “bioavailable” antioxidant potential of the root.  相似文献