Modelling the effect of environmental change on shorebirds: A case study on Poole Harbour, UK     

Sarah E.A. Le V. dit Durell  Richard A. Stillman  Selwyn McGrorty  John Humphreys 《Biological conservation》2006,131(3):459-473

An individuals-based model, MORPH, was used to assess the quality of Poole Harbour, UK, for five overwintering shorebirds: dunlin Calidris alpina, redshank Tringa totanus, black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus and curlew Numenius arquata. Site quality, and the effect of environmental change, was measured as predicted overwinter survival. Dunlin had the highest prey biomass densities and were the least likely to be affected by reductions in their food supply, lower temperatures or loss of terrestrial habitats. Black-tailed godwits and curlew had the lowest prey biomass densities and were the most likely to be affected by reductions in their food supply, lower temperatures and loss of terrestrial habitats. All five shorebird species were seriously affected by simulated sea-level rise. Conservation issues identified for the Poole Harbour SPA were the relatively low densities of larger size classes of polychaete worms, the importance of maintaining and managing surrounding terrestrial habitats and the effect of sea-level rise on the length of time for which intertidal food supplies are available.  相似文献   

Relating microarthropod community structure and diversity to soil fertility manipulations in temperate grassland     

Lisa Cole  Sarah M. Buckland 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(9):1707-1717

We aimed to identify patterns of diversity in a below-ground community of microarthropods (mites and Collembola) after 15 months of a nutrient (calcium and nitrogen) manipulation experiment, located at the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Soil Biodiversity Site in Scotland, UK. We found that microarthropod densities increased with elevated soil fertility, but we detected no concurrent change in the diversity of soil microarthropods (mites and Collembola combined). That microarthropod density increased concurrently with improvements in soil fertility and plant productivity suggests that soil microarthropod communities are predominately regulated by bottom-up forces, driven by increased energy transfer via plant inputs to soil, providing increased food resources for fauna. However, that we found no concurrent change in the diversity of soil microarthropods provides little support for the idea that the diversity of soil fauna is positively related to their population density, primary productivity or improvements in soil conditions resulting from nutrient manipulations. However, we did find that microarthropod communities of more fertile sites contained a greater proportion of predators suggesting that more energy was transferred to higher trophic levels under elevated soil fertility. Our findings suggest that unlike plant communities, soil faunal diversity may not be strongly regulated by competition in productive situations, since competitive exclusion might not occur due to increased predation. Whilst we conclude that soil microarthropod diversity at our study site has not been affected by the nutrient additions to date, in the longer term we predict that changes in community composition and diversity could arise, most likely through top-down regulation of the soil food web.  相似文献   

Quantifying the fine scale (1km × 1km) exposure,dose and effects of ozone: Part 2 estimating yield losses for agricultural crops     

M. Brown  R. Cox  K. R. Bull  H. Dyke  G. Sanders  D. Fowler  R. Smith  M. R. Ashmore 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(3):1485-1490

In Britain wheat is an important crop accounting for 41% of the total cereal production. In this study ozone concentrations for 1989 estimated as described in Part 1 of the paper are integrated with the estimated wheat distribution to derive a detailed estimate of the impact of ozone on wheat yields at a fine spatial scale (1km × 1km). These data provide estimates for calculating regional and national yield losses. The methodology can be applied to other crop species. Recent research on a range of crops has established relationships between the economic yield loss for certain crops, including wheat, and ozone exposure. Exposure is described as the accumulated exposure above a threshold experienced during the daylight hours (AOT). Critical AOT values are derived from yield exposure relationships which show linear reductions of yield loss with increasing ozone concentrations. This study has made use of land cover data from remotely sensed imagery at 25m resolution and nationally collected agricultural statistics for counties. These data were combined using an areal interpolation technique to provide more spatially articulate estimates of the location and intensity of wheat production. The results demonstrate the economic importance of ozone as a pollutant. Wheat yield losses attributed to ozone vary between different parts of the country but, for years when ozone levels are high, yield losses are likely to be significant in some areas.  相似文献   

Study of Aerosol Deposition at a Wind Exposed Forest Edge Using 210Pb and 137Cs Soil Inventories     

Branford  D.  Fowler  D.  Moghaddam  M.V. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,157(1-4):107-116

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - The radionuclide 210Pb derived from gaseous 222Rn present in the atmosphere becomes attached to the same aerosols as the bulk of the main pollutants sulphur and...  相似文献   

WCVM GLOBAL VETS          下载免费PDF全文

Mairead Drain  Emma Agg  Leanne Boyd  Suzanne Lynde  Rebecca Korven  Karen Kemp  Patrick Garcia  Sarah Flint    Shannon Burns 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2003,44(2):121-122

  相似文献   

Diet and health of the older horse     

Sarah L. Ralston VMD  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2003,23(4)

  相似文献   

Llama medicine. Conformation and soundness     

M Fowler 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1989,5(1):21-26

Conformational problems tend to be common in llamas and alpacas. Without setting a standard, basic conformation can still be evaluated by comparing with equine conformation, especially in terms of straightness of limbs. Good conformation should evoke a sense of balance in the observer. Conformation faults predispose to unsoundness.  相似文献   

Testing fenthion, dichlorvos, and diethylcarbamazine for phrophylactic effects against the developing stages of Dirofilaria immitis     

J L Fowler  J Warne  Y Furusho  H Sugiyama 《American journal of veterinary research》1970,31(5):903-906

  相似文献   

Textbook of Small Animal Surgery, 2nd ed. vol. 1 and 2          下载免费PDF全文

David Fowler 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1994,35(11):721

  相似文献   

Structural studies in azolylmethanes     

Nicholas H. Anderson  Sarah K. Branch  R. S. Thomas Loeffler  Brian E. Mann  Ian W. Nowell  Philip E. Walker 《Pest management science》1984,15(3):310-316

The crystal structures of a number of fungicidal azolylmethanes are compared. In the benzyl compounds [1-aryl-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ones, the corresponding pentan-3-ols, and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-one], the benzyl and tert-butyl groups (or 4-chlorophenyl group) are trans, whereas in the analogous phenoxy compounds [1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one and the corresponding butan-2-ol], the tert-butyl groups are trans to the triazole and gauche to the phenoxy group. Coupling constants, determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy, suggest that for some compounds there is one dominant solution conformation. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding, observed by infrared spectroscopy in two of the compounds, supports the findings by n.m.r. For some compounds, the crystal and solution conformations appear to be very similar, whereas in others they are quite different. Published data on the relative activity of the enantiomers of the benzyl- and phenoxy-compounds are discussed, but differences in the relative activity of enantiomers in the two series cannot be readily rationalised. It is concluded that different enantiomers may have different modes of binding at the active site.  相似文献