Mortality Patterns in Dairy Animals under Organized Herd Management Conditions at Karnal India     

Prasad S  Ramachandran N  Raju S 《Tropical animal health and production》2004,36(7):645-654

Mortality patterns of two Zebu cattle breeds, Sahiwal and Tharparkar, and two crossbred strains, Karan Swiss and Karan Fries, maintained at the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal were studied. Nine-year (1989--90 to 1997--98) data on mortality were analysed for year, season, age and cause effects on mortality rate. The overall mortality was 14.17%. The mortality in Sahiwal, Tharparkar, Karan Swiss and Karan Fries averaged 14.35%, 7.21%, 17.12% and 13.46%, respectively. The breed mortality rate did not vary significantly between years, seasons, age categories and causes of disease. However, the trends indicated appreciable difference in mortality rates. The mortality was highest in the year 1994--95 (19.53%) and lowest in 1991--92 (8.56%). There was very little variation in seasonal mortality rate and mortality rate averaged 4.53%, 4.81% and 4.84% in hot-dry (March-June), hot-humid (July-October) and cold (November-February) seasons, respectively. The mortality up to 2 months of age accounted for a major share (50-60% or higher) in different breed groups. Digestive problems followed by respiratory disorders together accounted for 70-80% of total deaths.  相似文献   

An ecogeographic analysis of the Vicia narbonensis complex     

Sarita Jane Bennett  Nigel Maxted 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1997,44(5):411-428

An ecogeographical analysis of the V. narbonensis complex and V. bithynica was conducted using herbarium specimens and genebank accessions. 956 specimens were included in the study from 26 herbaria, with geographical and ecological data recorded for each specimen. A distribution map of each taxa was produced, and the geographical and ecological preferences of each taxa were analysed and discussed. The taxa with the widest distribution were found to be V. narbonensis, V. bithynica and V. johannis, and the rarest taxa were V. galilaea var. galilaea and V. narbonensis var. aegyptiaca. The complex includes three endemic species; V. hyaeniscyamus, V. kalakhensis and V. eristalioides. The complex as a whole, was most frequently collected from grasslands, as a weed in cultivated fields and in wasteland. It showed a strong preference for calcareous soils. It was found that the quality of the passport data varied widely, but that in general the specimens from more recent collections included more detailed passport data. Herbarium specimens are invaluable in ecogeographic studies as the information obtained can be used as a guide for future collecting missions and in determining areas of importance when collecting material for conservation. Finally as the whole plant is available, the identification of each specimen can be checked.  相似文献   

Removal of Cu and Cd from water by Bacopa monnieri L.     

Sarita Sinha  Prakash Chandra 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1990,51(3-4):271-276

Copper and Cd accumulation was determined in Bacopa monnieri, a common aquatic plant. Plants showed a capability to accumulate both metals in single and mixed metal treatments. Copper accumulation was stimulated by the presence of Cd whereas uptake of Cd was inhibited by Cu. The plants showed high concentration factors for both metals. The results suggest the possibility of using this plant for mitigating Cu and Cd pollution in the aquatic environment.  相似文献   

In vitro assay of plant protease inhibitors from four different sources on digestive proteases of rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings     

Sudipta Maitra  Sarita Ramachandran  & Arun Kumar Ray 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(2):156-165

The in vitro inhibitory effect of protease inhibitors from four seed extracts (soybean, grasspea, black gram and horse gram) on digestive proteases of rohu was assessed by enzyme inhibition assay and substrate sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. High proteolytic activity was detected in the intestinal extract of rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings at two different pH ranges (8–8.5 and 10–11). That protein digestion occurs mainly in the alkaline condition in this fish without a stomach is evident from very high trypsin activity (0.95±0.04 benzoyl‐dl ‐arginine‐p‐nitroanilide U mg protein⁻¹) in the intestine. In case of grass pea seed, more than 50% inhibition of alkaline protease activity was recorded when the ratio of inhibitor to enzyme was 9.41 μg U⁻¹. More than 40% inhibition of protease activity was recorded in case of horse gram seed when the ratio of inhibitor to enzyme was 5.51 μg U⁻¹. Black gram at 11.0 μg U⁻¹ and soybean seed proteins at 62.75 μg U⁻¹ resulted in 50% and more than 30% inhibition of digestive protease activity in rohu fingerlings respectively. A plot of the inhibition values obtained by changing the relative concentrations of enzyme/inhibitor resulted in different dose–response curves for different protein sources. The use of substrate gel electrophoresis allowed the visualization of the aforementioned differences in inhibition. Each seed extract produced a characteristic profile of protease inhibition. It is concluded that protease inhibitors present in plant protein sources adversely affect the digestive proteases in fish and hence there is a need to eliminate/reduce the amount of such inhibitors through proper processing before incorporation into aquafeeds.  相似文献   

Morphological and molecular diversity of an underutilized fruit crop - <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cordia myxa</Emphasis> L. germplasm from the arid region of Rajasthan,India     

P. N. Sivalingam  Dhurendra Singh  Sarita Chauhan 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(2):305-316

Twenty two germplasm accessions of Cordia myxa were collected from Rajasthan and established at the field gene bank for conservation and evaluation. Morphological characterization of 10 year-old trees for 17 traits indicated wide variations among the accessions tested. Higher number of flowers per cyme was found in accession ACHM11 and higher pulp:stone ratio in AHCM25. Overall, AHCM22 was found to be a superior germplasm line for most of the horticulturally useful traits among the accessions tested as it had higher percent of fruit set, pulp:stone ratio and fruit weight. High significant positive correlation was obtained between leaf, fruit characters and pulp:stone ratio. However, these characters were found to be negatively correlated with number of flowers per cyme. Out of 50 random decamer primers used for random amplification (RAPD), 25 were polymorphic. Average polymorphism resolved by these markers among these accessions was 69.8% with an average polymorphic information content of 0.43. Genetic diversity revealed by Jaccard’s co-efficient was between 0.44 and 0.94, and three major clusters were identified among these accessions by phylogenetic analysis using NTSYSpc-2.02e software. RAPD markers associated with leaf size and pulp:stone ratio were also identified. This study shows the existence of high genetic diversity among these accessions.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cinderella</Emphasis> agroforestry systems     

P. K. Ramachandran Nair  Syam Viswanath  P. A. Lubina 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(5):901-917

The underlying principles and traditional knowledge concerning indigenous agroforestry systems (AFS) around the world have been used successfully in the design of improved systems; but lately there has been a slow-down in that effort. Recognizing that Cinderella, by analogy, refers to an individual whose attributes were unrecognized or one who unexpectedly achieved success after a period of obscurity and neglect, we propose Cinderella agroforestry systems for such underexploited and “forgotten” AFS. In order to highlight their unrecognized potentials, a few such systems that are location-specific and little-known outside their areas of existence were selected from around the world. Each selected system is unique in terms of its production, environmental, and sociocultural attributes; but none had been described in quantitative terms of ecology and production. A qualitative SWOT (strengths–weaknesses–opportunities–threats) analysis of the systems showed several commonalities among them. While sustainability, multi-functionality, and high sociocultural values are common strengths, low levels of production and lack of research- and technology inputs to improve the system are the major weaknesses. The opportunities emanating from strengths and weaknesses are also common to all the systems; and “threats” to these systems arise mostly from ramifications of government policies. Given the acknowledged role of AFS in climate-smart agriculture and the current global momentum for working with communities to better manage landscapes, learning from success stories of the Cinderella AFS could suggest models for sustainable development, and efforts in that direction should also be incorporated into global agroforestry research agendas.  相似文献   

Estimation of malaoxon in the presence of malathion by the ferric hydroxamate method     

V M Bhagwat  B V Ramachandran 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1974,57(5):1043-1045

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Gastric carcinoma in equines     

S Damodaran  P V Ramachandran 《The Indian veterinary journal》1970,47(2):118-120

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Dexamethasone‐induced alterations in glucose tolerance and,insulin, glucagon and adrenaline responses during the first month in white leghorn chicks     

J. Joseph  D. S. Dandekar  A. V. Ramachandran 《British poultry science》1996,37(3):665-676

1. Alterations in glucose tolerance and, insulin, glucagon and adrenaline responses in dexamethasone (DXM)‐treated (induced hypocorticalism) chicks have been evaluated chronologically during the first month of development of White Leghorn chicks.

2. Alterations in glucose tolerance and, insulin resistance and glucagon and adrenalin responses in dexamethasonised chicks were recorded. Control chicks too displayed differential glucose tolerance and, insulin, glucagon and adrenaline responses on a chronological basis.

3. The observations suggest increased insulin and adrenaline sensitivity in the first fortnight and gradually increasing glucagon response in the second fortnight in neonatal chicks.

4. Furthermore, increased insulin sensitivity and attenuated glucagon responsiveness was also associated with DXM‐induced hypocorticalism.  相似文献   

Molecular markers to distinguish ‘Thar Shoba’, a variety of khejri [Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce], from trees in natural populations     

Palaiyur N. Sivalingam  Dilip K. Samadia  Dhurendra Singh  Sarita Chauhan 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(4):353-361

Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce, commonly called khejri, is an important multipurpose, leguminous tree of the Thar Desert. ‘Thar Shoba’ is a variety of khejri without thorns which was developed as a vegetable. In order to develop markers for varietal identification, 80 RAPD primers were tested, of which nine were polymorphic between ‘Thar Shoba’ and trees in a natural population of khejri. Phenetic analysis revealed that ‘Thar Shoba’ formed a separate cluster from the natural population with similarity coefficients of 0.57–0.78. The 10-mer primers OPBE05, OPBA13, OPA12, and OPA14 were each found to differentiate ‘Thar Shoba’ from the natural population by one amplicon. These differential amplicons were sequenced and SCAR markers were developed based on the sequences that differentiated ‘Thar Shoba’ from the natural population. Natural populations of khejri from different regions of the Thar Desert, and clonally multiplied ‘Thar Shoba’ plants in the ICAR-CIAH bud-wood genebank, were used to validate these primers. These markers will be useful in further developing the bud-wood genebank, and for certification, identification, and protection of the khejri variety ‘Thar Shoba’.  相似文献