Screening method for the detection of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, penicillic acid, and citrinin.     

D M Wilson  W H Tabor  M W Trucksess 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1976,59(1):125-127

A modification of the official method for ochratoxins and a screening method for zearalenone, aflatoxin, and ochratoxin is described and expanded to include citrinin and penicillic acid. The method uses 0.5N phosphoric acidchloroform (1+10) in the initial extraction; the extract is divided and eluted from 2 columns to provide a quantitative thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method for aflatoxin and ochratoxin in corn and dried beans. Aflatoxin and zearalenone are eluted from one column and ochratoxin, penicillic acid, and citrinin from the other. Ochratoxin A recoveries are low (50%) in peanuts. Zearalenone, penicillic acid, and citrinin were qualitatively recovered from corn and beans; zearalenone and penicillic acid were recovered from peanuts but citrinin was not. Several TLC solvents were used to separate interferences.  相似文献   

Sorption of phosphate by aluminium and iron(iii)-hydroxy species on mica surfaces     

K.W. Perrott  A.G. Langdon  A.T. Wilson 《Geoderma》1974,12(3):223-231

Freshly cleaved mica sheets with aluminium- or iron(III)-hydroxy species on the cationexchange surface were prepared by suitable treatment with AlCl₃ or FeCl₃. These surfaces were considered as model soilk mineral surfaces and their interaction with phosphate studied using techniques previously developed for the study of single planar surfaces.Adsorption isotherms for both the iron(III) and aluminium systems were very similar and could be interpreted as two Freundlich isotherms indicating two different adsorption processes, one operating below a solution concentration of 10^?5 M and thee other above. Results obtained from the continuous monitoring of adsorption indicate that a rearrangement of adsorbed phosphate occurs with time on both the aluminium- and iron(III)hydroxy surfaces. This rearrangement reduces the rate of desorption and could be a cause of phosphate fixation in soils.  相似文献   

Water potential and the respiration of microorganisms in the soil     

Jill M. Wilson  D.M. Griffin 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1975,7(3):199-204

The effect of soil water potential on the respiration of microorganisms in soil was studied. Bacterial respiration decreased rapidly below ?3 bar; at -20 bar it was very slight. The most rapid decline occurred above ? 6 bar. The respiration of a mixed population of microorganisms, however, was maintained at a fairly high level between ?8 and ?30 bar but subsequently declined until at ?50 bar it became negligible. At potentials below ?50 bar, additions of glucose caused no increase in respiration. The sensitivity of bacteria to relatively small negative potentials was probably due to their restricted movement as the soil pores drained.  相似文献   

THE ENSILAGE OF AUTUMN-SOWN RYE     

R. F. Wilson  R. J. Wilkins 《Grass and Forage Science》1972,27(1):35-42

Autumn-sown rye was cut on five dates in spring and ensiled in laboratory silos. On two of the dates forage-harvested material was ensiled in PVC silos (containing about 1 t of fresh crop) as well as in laboratory silos. Ensiling was carried out with and without the addition of formic acid or glucose solution. After 96 days in laboratory silos, rye cut before ear-emergence and ensiled without additives gave silages of high pH value and high ammonia content. After ear-emergence satisfactory silage was produced without an additive, but the addition of formic acid always resulted in silages having lower pH values and lower ammonia contents. The addition of glucose resulted in silages with only slightly lower pH values and ammonia contents which were closely similar to those made without addition. Silages made in PVC silos were all well preserved, as indicated by low contents of acetic and butyric acids, but the addition of formic acid resulted in pH values and ammonia contents lower than those found in other treatments.  相似文献   

SILAGE FERMENTATION AND FEED VALUE     

R. J. Wilkins  R. F. Wilson 《Grass and Forage Science》1971,26(2):108-108

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Chromates as potato fungicides     

Thurston  H. W.  Leach  J. G.  Wilson  J. D. 《American Journal of Potato Research》1948,25(11):406-409

American Journal of Potato Research -  相似文献   

The differential response of potato varieties to spraying with ddt plus a fixed copper     

J. W. Wilson  J. P. Sleesman 《American Journal of Potato Research》1947,24(8):260-266

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DDT and other new materials for spraying potatoes     

J. P. Sleesman  H. L. Gui  J. D. Wilson 《American Journal of Potato Research》1945,22(8):242-250

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Production of Lectins from Marine Algae: Current Status,Challenges, and Opportunities for Non-Destructive Extraction     

Intan Mariana Maliki  Mailin Misson  Peik Lin Teoh  Kenneth Francis Rodrigues  Wilson Thau Lym Yong 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

Marine algae are an excellent source of novel lectins. The isolation of lectins from marine algae expands the diversity in structure and carbohydrate specificities of lectins isolated from other sources. Marine algal lectins have been reported to have antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial activity. Lectins are typically isolated from marine algae by grinding the algal tissue with liquid nitrogen and extracting with buffer and alcohol. While this method produces higher yields, it may not be sustainable for large-scale production, because a large amount of biomass is required to produce a minute amount of compound, and a significant amount of waste is generated during the extraction process. Therefore, non-destructive extraction using algal culture water could be used to ensure a continuous supply of lectins without exclusively disrupting the marine algae. This review discusses the traditional and recent advancements in algal lectin extraction methods over the last decade, as well as the steps required for large-scale production. The challenges and prospects of various extraction methods (destructive and non-destructive) are also discussed.  相似文献   

Influence of light intensity on biofilm formation and the performance of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles reared in cages     

Wilson Wasielesky Jr  Paulo César Abreu  Luis Henrique Poersch  Fabiano Thompson  Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(5):706-712

A reduction in light intensity may increase shrimp activity, although it may also negatively affect the development of photoautotrophic organisms present in biofilm, an important natural food source for shrimp. This experiment evaluated the influence of light intensity on biofilm development and on the growth of cultured Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles. Six cages were deployed in a shrimp culture pond and stocked with 60 juveniles (0.72 ± 0.03 g). Three cages were randomly chosen and covered with five layers of polyamide net to reduce light incidence (shaded treatment), while the other three cages were not covered (control treatment). Biofilm chlorophyll a and microorganism abundance, as well as shrimp growth, were monitored during the experiment. Chlorophyll a concentration and the abundance of bacteria and flagellates were significantly lower in the shaded treatment (P<0.05). After 75 rearing days, shrimp stocked in control treatment achieved significantly higher (5.98 g) (P<0.05) mean weight than shrimp reared in shaded treatment cages (5.13 g). Similarly, the biomass produced was also significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control treatment (322.92 g) than in the shaded treatment (287.31 g). The results of this study demonstrate that light intensity has a huge influence on shrimp performance mainly due to the increase in natural food availability.  相似文献