Equine platelet concentrate preparation and validation     

Rana Bozorgmanesh  K. Gary Magdesian  Julie W. Sutton‐Burges  Sean D. Owens  Fern Tablin 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(3):1500-1506

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Use of dried blood smears for detection of feline hemoplasmas using real-time polymerase chain reaction     

Jane E Sykes  Sean D Owens  Jeralyn C Terry  Leann L Lindsay  Nicola Pusterla 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(5):616-620

The objective of the current study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) for feline hemoplasmas when applied to DNA extracted from dried whole-blood smears in comparison to that for DNA extracted from liquid whole blood. Blood samples were collected into ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid tubes from 305 cats with possible or suspected hemoplasmosis, and dried blood smears from each sample were prepared. DNA was extracted from blood smears and a 160-microl aliquot of each liquid blood sample by using a robotic extractor and was subjected to real-time PCR for feline glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (liquid blood), 18S ribosomal RNA (dried blood), and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum", Mycoplasma haemofelis, and "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis" DNA. When using the results for liquid whole blood as the gold standard, the sensitivity of each assay for "Ca. M. haemominutum", M. haemofelis, and "Ca. M. turicensis" was 49 of 66 (74%), 11 of 13 (85%), and 11 of 20 (55%), respectively. The specificity of each assay was 224 of 234 (96%), 287 of 287 (100%), and 280 of 280 (100%), respectively. When possible, liquid blood samples should be submitted for detection of feline hemoplasmas by using real-time PCR. The improved sensitivity of real-time PCR on blood smears for M. haemofelis compared with that of the other hemoplasma species may reflect the higher organism burdens associated with infection with this species.  相似文献   

A question of time     

Peter J. Pascoe 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):401-404

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IL‐31‐induced pruritus in dogs: a novel experimental model to evaluate anti‐pruritic effects of canine therapeutics          下载免费PDF全文

Andrea J. Gonzales  Timothy J. Fleck  William R. Humphrey  Betsy A. Galvan  Michelle M. Aleo  Sean P. Mahabir  Jezaniah‐Kira Tena  Karen G. Greenwood  Robert B. McCall 《Veterinary dermatology》2016,27(1):34-e10

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Evaluation of iodophor skin preparation techniques and factors influencing drainage from ventral midline incisions in horses.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L D Galuppo  J R Pascoe  S S Jang  N H Willits  S L Greenman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,215(7):963-969

OBJECTIVE: To document natural bacterial flora on the ventral aspect of the equine abdomen, to compare 2 preparation techniques, and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to incisional drainage. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 53 horses undergoing exploratory celiotomy. PROCEDURE: Group-1 horses (n = 26) were prepared with povidone-iodine and alcohol. Group-2 horses (27) were prepared with a film-forming iodophor complex. Numbers of bacterial colony-forming units (CFU) were measured before and after surgical scrub, following skin closure, and after recovery from general anesthesia. Swab specimens to identify normal skin bacterial flora and potential pathogens were obtained by swabbing a 4 x 4-cm area. Variables that might affect incisional drainage were also investigated. RESULTS: For both techniques, there was a significant reduction in bacterial numbers after skin preparation. Incisional drainage was observed in 14 (26%) horses (8 group-1 and 6 group-2 horses). Preexisting dermatitis, poor intraoperative drape adherence, high number of bacterial CFU obtained after recovery from anesthesia, and high number of CFU obtained from the surgery room environment were the main risk factors associated with subsequent incisional drainage. Bacillus spp, nonhemolytic Staphylococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, Corynebacterium spp, Streptomyces spp, other nonenteric genera, and nonhemolytic Streptococcus spp were the most common isolates obtained before surgical scrub. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Both skin preparation techniques were equally effective in reducing numbers of bacterial CFU by 99%, and a significant difference was not found in incisional drainage rate between groups. Protection of the wound during recovery from anesthesia and the immediate postoperative period may reduce incisional drainage after abdominal surgery in horses.  相似文献   

Effect of an intensive mechanical removal effort on a population of non‐native rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in a South African headwater stream          下载免费PDF全文

Jeremy Shelton  Olaf Weyl  Johannes Van Der Walt  Sean Marr  Dean Impson  Kristine Maciejewski  Donovan Tye  Helen Dallas  Karen Esler 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(5):1051-1055

Ecoviability for ecosystem‐based fisheries management          下载免费PDF全文

Luc Doyen  Christophe Béné  Michel Bertignac  Fabian Blanchard  Abdoul Ahad Cissé  Catherine Dichmont  Sophie Gourguet  Olivier Guyader  Pierre‐Yves Hardy  Sarah Jennings  Lorne Richard Little  Claire Macher  David Jonathan Mills  Ahmed Noussair  Sean Pascoe  Jean‐Christophe Pereau  Nicolas Sanz  Anne‐Maree Schwarz  Tony Smith  Olivier Thébaud 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(6):1056-1072

Reconciling food security, economic development and biodiversity conservation is a key challenge, especially in the face of the demographic transition characterizing many countries in the world. Fisheries and marine ecosystems constitute a difficult application of this bio‐economic challenge. Many experts and scientists advocate an ecosystem approach to manage marine socio‐ecosystems for their sustainability and resilience. However, the ways by which to operationalize ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) remain poorly specified. We propose a specific methodological framework—viability modelling—to do so. We show how viability modelling can be applied using four contrasted case‐studies: two small‐scale fisheries in South America and Pacific and two larger‐scale fisheries in Europe and Australia. The four fisheries are analysed using the same modelling framework, structured around a set of common methods, indicators and scenarios. The calibrated models are dynamic, multispecies and multifleet and account for various sources of uncertainty. A multicriteria evaluation is used to assess the scenarios’ outcomes over a long time horizon with different constraints based on ecological, social and economic reference points. Results show to what extent the bio‐economic and ecosystem risks associated with the adoption of status quo strategies are relatively high and challenge the implementation of EBFM. In contrast, strategies called ecoviability or co‐viability strategies, that aim at satisfying the viability constraints, reduce significantly these ecological and economic risks and promote EBFM. The gains associated with those ecoviability strategies, however, decrease with the intensity of regulations imposed on these fisheries.  相似文献   

A comparison of the use of different swab materials for optimal diagnosis of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)     

Carolina Fernandez-Senac  Sophie Fridman  Jadwiga Sokolowska  Sean J. Monaghan  Teresa Garzon  Monica Betancor  Giuseppe Paladini  Alexandra Adams  James E. Bron 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(11):1463-1472

Routine gill swabbing is a non-destructive sampling method used for the downstream qPCR detection and quantitation of the pathogen Neoparamoeba perurans, a causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD). Three commercially available swabs were compared aiming their application for timelier AGD diagnosis (Calgiswab^® (calcium alginate fibre-tipped), Isohelix^® DNA buccal and cotton wool-tipped). Calcium alginate is soluble in most sodium salts, which potentially allows the total recovery of biological material, hence a better extraction of target organisms’ DNA. Thus, this study consisted of (a) an in vitro assessment involving spiking of the swabs with known amounts of amoebae and additional assessment of retrieval efficiency of amoebae from agar plates; (b) in vivo testing by swabbing of gill arches (second, third and fourth) of AGD-infected fish. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments identified an enhanced amoeba retrieval with Calgiswab® and Isohelix® swabs in comparison with cotton swabs. Additionally, the third and fourth gill arches presented significantly higher amoebic loads compared to the second gill arch. Results suggest that limiting routine gill swabbing to one or two arches, instead of all, could likely lead to reduced stress-related effects incurred by handling and sampling and a timelier diagnosis of AGD.  相似文献   

Growth and maturation of three commercially important coral reef species from American Samoa     

Pardee  Cassandra  Taylor  Brett M.  Felise  Sean  Ochavillo  Domingo  Cuetos-Bueno  Javier 《Fisheries Science》2020,86(6):985-993

Fisheries Science - This study presents age-based life history information on three small-bodied species targeted in the American Samoan fishery: Chlorurus japanensis palecheek...  相似文献   

Methacarn preserves mucus integrity and improves visualization of amoebae in gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)     

Carolina Fernandez  Dario Mascolo  Sean J. Monaghan  Johanna L. Baily  Lynn Chalmers  Giuseppe Paladini  Alexandra Adams  James E. Bron  Sophie Fridman 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(6):883-894

Two aqueous fixation methods (modified Davidson's solution and modified Davidson's solution with 2% (w/v) Alcian blue) were compared against two non‐aqueous fixation methods (methacarn solution and methacarn solution with 2% (w/v) Alcian blue) along with the standard buffered formalin fixation method to (a) improve preservation of the mucous coat on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., gills and (b) to examine the interaction between the amoebae and mucus on the gill during an infection with amoebic gill disease. Aqueous fixatives demonstrated excellent cytological preservation but failed to deliver the preservation of the mucus when compared to the non‐aqueous‐based fixatives; qualitative and semi‐quantitative analysis revealed a greater preservation of the gill mucus using the non‐aqueous methacarn solution. A combination of this fixation method and an Alcian blue/Periodic acid–Schiff staining was tested in gills of Atlantic salmon infected with amoebic gill disease; lectin labelling was also used to confirm the mucus preservation in the methacarn‐fixed tissue. Amoebae were observed closely associated with the mucus demonstrating that the techniques employed for preservation of the mucous coat can indeed avoid the loss of potential mucus‐embedded parasites, thus providing a better understanding of the relationship between the mucus and parasite.  相似文献