Topography of the northern hemisphere of Mercury from MESSENGER laser altimetry     

Zuber MT  Smith DE  Phillips RJ  Solomon SC  Neumann GA  Hauck SA  Peale SJ  Barnouin OS  Head JW  Johnson CL  Lemoine FG  Mazarico E  Sun X  Torrence MH  Freed AM  Klimczak C  Margot JL  Oberst J  Perry ME  McNutt RL  Balcerski JA  Michel N  Talpe MJ  Yang D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6078):217-220

Laser altimetry by the MESSENGER spacecraft has yielded a topographic model of the northern hemisphere of Mercury. The dynamic range of elevations is considerably smaller than those of Mars or the Moon. The most prominent feature is an extensive lowland at high northern latitudes that hosts the volcanic northern plains. Within this lowland is a broad topographic rise that experienced uplift after plains emplacement. The interior of the 1500-km-diameter Caloris impact basin has been modified so that part of the basin floor now stands higher than the rim. The elevated portion of the floor of Caloris appears to be part of a quasi-linear rise that extends for approximately half the planetary circumference at mid-latitudes. Collectively, these features imply that long-wavelength changes to Mercury's topography occurred after the earliest phases of the planet's geological history.  相似文献   

Compartmentalized control of skin immunity by resident commensals     

S Naik  N Bouladoux  C Wilhelm  MJ Molloy  R Salcedo  W Kastenmuller  C Deming  M Quinones  L Koo  S Conlan  S Spencer  JA Hall  A Dzutsev  H Kong  DJ Campbell  G Trinchieri  JA Segre  Y Belkaid 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1115-1119

Intestinal commensal bacteria induce protective and regulatory responses that maintain host-microbial mutualism. However, the contribution of tissue-resident commensals to immunity and inflammation at other barrier sites has not been addressed. We found that in mice, the skin microbiota have an autonomous role in controlling the local inflammatory milieu and tuning resident T lymphocyte function. Protective immunity to a cutaneous pathogen was found to be critically dependent on the skin microbiota but not the gut microbiota. Furthermore, skin commensals tuned the function of local T cells in a manner dependent on signaling downstream of the interleukin-1 receptor. These findings underscore the importance of the microbiota as a distinctive feature of tissue compartmentalization, and provide insight into mechanisms of immune system regulation by resident commensal niches in health and disease.  相似文献   

Molecular mimicry regulates ABA signaling by SnRK2 kinases and PP2C phosphatases   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Soon FF  Ng LM  Zhou XE  West GM  Kovach A  Tan MH  Suino-Powell KM  He Y  Xu Y  Chalmers MJ  Brunzelle JS  Zhang H  Yang H  Jiang H  Li J  Yong EL  Cutler S  Zhu JK  Griffin PR  Melcher K  Xu HE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6064):85-88

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential hormone for plants to survive environmental stresses. At the center of the ABA signaling network is a subfamily of type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), which form exclusive interactions with ABA receptors and subfamily 2 Snfl-related kinase (SnRK2s). Here, we report a SnRK2-PP2C complex structure, which reveals marked similarity in PP2C recognition by SnRK2 and ABA receptors. In the complex, the kinase activation loop docks into the active site of PP2C, while the conserved ABA-sensing tryptophan of PP2C inserts into the kinase catalytic cleft, thus mimicking receptor-PP2C interactions. These structural results provide a simple mechanism that directly couples ABA binding to SnRK2 kinase activation and highlight a new paradigm of kinase-phosphatase regulation through mutual packing of their catalytic sites.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Blind Thoracoscopic‐Assisted Placement of Three Double‐Lumen Endobronchial Tube Designs for One‐Lung Ventilation in Dogs     

Philipp D. Mayhew BVM&S  Diplomate ACVS  William T. N. Culp VMD  Diplomate ACVS  Peter J. Pascoe BVSc  DVA  Diplomate ACVA & ECVAA  Philip H. Kass DVM  MPVM  MS  PhD  Diplomate ACVPM  Lynelle R. Johnson DVM  MS  PhD  Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(6):664-670

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Post-transfusion survival of biotin-labeled allogeneic RBCs in adult horses     

Mudge MC  Walker NJ  Borjesson DL  Librach F  Johns JL  Owens SD 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2012,41(1):56-62

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Informed owner consent – how informed?     

Pascoe PJ  Clarke KW 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(4):321-323

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Esophageal foreign bodies in dogs: 34 cases (2004–2009)     

Holly C. Thompson DVM  Yonaira Cortes DVM  DACVECC  Kristi Gannon DVM  DACVECC  Dennis Bailey DVM  DACVIM  Sean Freer DVM  DACVR 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(2):253-261

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Updates in the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and potential applications to veterinary patients     

Barbara L. Maton DVM  Sean D. Smarick VMD  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(2):148-159

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Effect of transdermally administered fentanyl on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats     

Yackey M  Ilkiw JE  Pascoe PJ  Tripp LD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2004,31(3):183-189

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of two doses of fentanyl, administered transdermally, on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. ANIMALS: Five healthy, spayed, female cats. METHODS: Each cat was studied thrice with at least 2 weeks between each study. In study 1, the baseline isoflurane MAC was determined in triplicate for each cat. In studies 2 and 3, isoflurane MAC was determined 24 hours after placement of either a 25 or 50 microg hour(-1) fentanyl patch. In each MAC study, cats were instrumented to allow collection of arterial blood and measurement of arterial blood pressure. Twenty-four hours prior to studies 2 and 3, a catheter was placed and secured in the jugular vein and either a 25 or 50 microg hour(-1) fentanyl patch was placed in random order on the left thorax. Blood samples for plasma fentanyl determination were collected prior to patch placement and at regular intervals up to 144 hours. After determination of MAC in studies 2 and 3, naloxone was administered as a bolus dose (0.1 mg kg(-1)) followed by an infusion (1 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) and MAC redetermined. RESULTS: The baseline isoflurane MAC was 1.51 +/- 0.21% (mean +/- SD). Fentanyl (25 and 50 micro g hour(-1)) administered transdermally significantly reduced MAC to 1.25 +/- 0.26 and 1.22 +/- 0.16%, respectively. These MAC reductions were not significantly different from each other. Isoflurane MAC determined during administration of fentanyl 25 micro g hour(-1) and naloxone (1.44 +/- 0.16%) and fentanyl 50 micro g hour(-1) and naloxone (1.51 +/- 0.19%) was not significantly different from baseline MAC (1.51 +/- 0.21%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Fentanyl patches are placed to provide long-lasting analgesia. In order to be effective postoperatively, fentanyl patches must be placed prior to surgery. Plasma fentanyl concentrations achieved intraoperatively decrease the need for potent inhalant anesthetics in cats.  相似文献   

Physiologic and biochemical measurements and response to noxious stimulation at various concentrations of MS‐222 in Koi (Cyprinus carpio)     

Jonathan Stockman  Ernest Scott P Weber  Philip H Kass  Peter J Pascoe  Joanne Paul‐Murphy 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(1):35-47

ObjectiveTo evaluate the physiological effect and response to noxious stimulation at five concentrations of MS-222 in koi (Cyprinus carpio).Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsTwenty-one healthy adult unknown sex koi fish weighing mean 450 ± SD 120 g.MethodsEach fish was exposed to five different concentrations of MS-222 (50, 70, 110, 150 and 190 mg L^?1) in a random sequence during the same anaesthetic event. For each concentration of MS-222, vital functions such as heart rate (HR) (via Doppler) and opercular rate (OpR) were recorded after a standardized induction period. Response to two noxious stimuli in the form of haemostat clamp pressure applied on the tail and the lip was evaluated, and blood was drawn to measure biochemical and blood gas values.ResultsDecrease in response to noxious stimulation with an increase of MS-222 concentration both for the lip (p = 0.0027) and the tail (p < 0.0001) stimulus was observed. Biochemical values were unaffected by the concentration of MS-222 with the exception of lactate concentration which was weakly correlated with the duration of anaesthesia (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) and the number of times the fish was clamped or bled prior to sampling (r = 0.23, p < 0.001). Opercular rate decreased with the increase in anaesthetic concentration, and HR was not affected.Conclusions and clinical relevanceOur results indicated a decrease in response to stimulus and a decrease in OpR that were associated with increased concentrations of MS-222. This may assist in establishing anaesthetic protocols using MS-222 in fish and supports the use of supramaximal pressure stimuli to teleost fish under variable MS-222 concentrations as a model for future studies.  相似文献