Herschel detects a massive dust reservoir in supernova 1987A     

Matsuura M  Dwek E  Meixner M  Otsuka M  Babler B  Barlow MJ  Roman-Duval J  Engelbracht C  Sandstrom K  Lakićević M  van Loon JT  Sonneborn G  Clayton GC  Long KS  Lundqvist P  Nozawa T  Gordon KD  Hony S  Panuzzo P  Okumura K  Misselt KA  Montiel E  Sauvage M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6047):1258-1261

We report far-infrared and submillimeter observations of supernova 1987A, the star whose explosion was observed on 23 February 1987 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a galaxy located 160,000 light years away. The observations reveal the presence of a population of cold dust grains radiating with a temperature of about 17 to 23 kelvin at a rate of about 220 times the luminosity of the Sun. The intensity and spectral energy distribution of the emission suggest a dust mass of about 0.4 to 0.7 times the mass of the Sun. The radiation must originate from the supernova ejecta and requires the efficient precipitation of all refractory material into dust. Our observations imply that supernovae can produce the large dust masses detected in young galaxies at very high redshifts.  相似文献   

Substrate specificity of the nateglinide/H(+) cotransport system for phenolic acids   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Saito Y  Itagaki S  Otsuka Y  Kobayashi Y  Okumura H  Kobayashi M  Hirano T  Iseki K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):6100-6104

In clinical, patients usually take many kinds of drugs at the same time. Thus, drug-drug interactions involving transporters can often directly affect the therapeutic safety and efficacy of many important drugs. However, there have been few studies on food-drug interactions involving transporters. Dietary polyphenols have been widely assumed to be beneficial for human health. Polyphenols are found ubiquitously, and they are commercially prepared and used as functional foods. We have reported that ferulic acid, which is one of the most well-known polyphenols and is used as a functional food, affected the transport of nateglinide, an antidiabetic drug, by Caco-2 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of other polyphenols on the nateglinide/H(+) transport system. We report here that caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid have a different inhibitory manner on the uptake of nateglinide. The results of this study are useful to identify the substrate specificity of the nateglinide/H(+) cotransporter.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the concentrations of hydrogen and methane emitted by termite using a semiconductor gas sensor     

Yoshiyuki Yanase  Masahiro Miura  Yoshihisa Fujii  Shogo Okumura  Tsuyoshi Yoshimura 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(3):243-248

A gas detection apparatus equipped with a semiconductor gas sensor was employed for qualitative and quantitative measurement of hydrogen and methane emitted by termites. A gas sample of 2.5 ml was injected into the semiconductor gas sensor through the gas detection apparatus, and the maximum voltage of the sensor was converted into gas concentration. The gas samples were collected from three distinct experiments: (1) five combinations of workers and soldiers of Coptotermes formosanus with and without a wood specimen; (2) C. formosanus under six temperature conditions; and (3) four different termite species, C. formosanus, Reticulitermes speratus, Incisitermes minor, and Zootermopsis nevadensis. The hydrogen and methane concentrations increased with an increase in the number of termites. Concentrations were higher in samples with a wood specimen than without it. Both hydrogen and methane concentrations were the highest for the samples at 35 °C and were lowest at 15 and 5 °C. The concentrations were very low at 45 °C because all the termites had died in a few hours. The concentrations of hydrogen and methane were highest for Z. nevadensis, the dampwood termite, among the four species, and no methane was detected for I. minor, the drywood termite, at 28 °C and 75 % RH.  相似文献   

Association of swine vertnin (VRTN) gene with production traits in Duroc pigs improved using a closed nucleus breeding system     

Kensuke Hirose  Satoshi Mikawa  Naohiko Okumura  Go Noguchi  Kazuo Fukawa  Naoe Kanaya  Ayumi Mikawa  Aisaku Arakawa  Tetsuya Ito  Yoichi Hayashi  Fumio Tachibana  Takashi Awata 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(3):213-221

Vertnin (VRTN) is involved in the variation of vertebral number in pigs and it is located on Sus scrofa chromosome 7. Vertebral number is related to body size in pigs, and many reports have suggested presence of an association between body length (BL) and meat production traits. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between the VRTN genotype and the production and body composition traits in purebred Duroc pigs. Intramuscular fat content (IMF) in the Longissimus muscle was significantly associated with the VRTN genotype. The mean IMF of individuals with the wild‐type genotype (Wt/Wt) (5.22%) was greater than that of individuals with the Wt/Q (4.99%) and Q/Q genotypes (4.79%). In addition, a best linear unbiased predictor of multiple traits animal model showed that the Wt allele had a positive effect on the IMF breeding value. No associations were observed between the VRTN genotype and other production traits. The VRTN genotype was related to BL. The Q/Q genotype individuals (100.0 cm) were longer than individuals with the Wt/Q (99.5 cm) and Wt/Wt genotypes (98.9 cm). These results suggest that in addition to the maintenance of an appropriate backfat thickness value, VRTN has the potential to act as a genetic marker of IMF.  相似文献   

Determination of genome size of Haliotis discus hannai and H.?diversicolor aquatilis (Haliotidae) and phylogenetic examination of this family     

Kenta Adachi  Sei-Ichi Okumura 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(4):849-852

Genome size (C value) is an important index for phylogenetic studies. Haliotidae (abalones) includes many species widely distributed throughout the world??s oceans, which makes this family interesting for phylogenetic studies. To examine Haliotidae phylogeny, we determined the C value and adenine and thymine base pair content (AT?%) of Haliotis discus hannai and H.?diversicolor aquatilis by using flow cytometry. The C values of H.?discus hannai and H.?diversicolor aquatilis were 1.84 and 1.45?pg, with AT?% of 62.3 and 66.3?%, respectively. These data represent the first report of abalones classified as Pacific Northwest (H.?discus hannai) and Indo-Pacific (H.?diversicolor aquatilis) groups, and provides new validation for previous theories related to Haliotidae phylogeny.  相似文献   

Effect of the lateral growth rate on wood properties in fast-growing hardwood species     

Miho Kojima  Hiroyuki Yamamoto  Kayo Okumura  Yasuhisa Ojio  Masato Yoshida  Takashi Okuyama  Toshihiro Ona  Kenji Matsune  Kentaro Nakamura  Yuji Ide  Sri Nugroho Marsoem  Mohd Hamami Sahri  Yusuf Sudo Hadi 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(6):417-424

We investigated the feasibility of using several fast-growing tropical or subtropical hardwood species for timber production by measuring key wood qualities in relationship to the high rates of lateral growth. The trees tested were sampled from even-aged plantations of Acacia mangium, A. auriculiformis, hybrid Acacia (A. mangium × A. auriculiformis), Eucalyptus grandis, E. globulus, and Paraserianthes falcataria (Solomon and Java origin) that had already reached commercial harvesting age. The released strain of the surface growth stress (RS), xylem density (XD), microfibril angle (MFA), and fiber length (FL) were measured at the outermost part of the xylem at breast height in each tree. Results were then compared to the lateral growth rate (radius/age) at breast height, which provides a relative indicator of the amount of tree growth per year. Our findings indicated that RS was constant, regardless of lateral growth rate in each species. Similar results were observed for XD, MFA, and FL, with a few exceptions, suggesting that high growth rates do not intrinsically affect the wood properties of fast-growing tropical or subtropical species that have reached harvesting age. However, special attention must be paid to patterns of xylem maturation when developing plantations of such species.  相似文献   

Effects of smolt size and timing of migration on recovery rate of wild masu salmon <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus masou</Emphasis>     

Yasuyuki Miyakoshi  Sei-Ichi Saitoh 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(6):939-944

Little is known about the survival rate of wild masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou. To examine the effects of smolt length and migration timing on the recovery rate of wild masu salmon, we reanalyzed past tagging and recovery data (1993–1994). The tagging study was conducted in the Shokanbetsu River, northern Japan; 863 wild masu salmon smolts were captured, tagged, and released in a downstream site, and a total of 19 fish were recovered in coastal fisheries and in the natal river the following year. The data were analyzed by a logistic regression analysis with recapture as a response variable and tagging date and smolt length as explanatory variables; the tagging date had a significant effect on the recapture rate, whereas the effect of smolt size was not significant. Despite the small number of recaptures, this study indicates that migration timing is a factor affecting the marine survival of wild masu salmon smolts, although this conclusion has been repeatedly documented for other species of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp.  相似文献   

Amebiasis in four ball pythons, Python reginus.     

A Kojimoto  K Uchida  Y Horii  S Okumura  R Yamaguch  S Tateyama 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(12):1365-1368

Between September 13th and November 18th in 1999, four ball pythons, Python reginus kept in the same display, showed anorexia and died one after another. At necropsy, all four snakes had severe hemorrhagic colitis. Microscopically, all snakes had severe necrotizing hemorrhagic colitis, in association with ameba-like protozoa. Some of the protozoa had macrophage-like morphology and others formed protozoal cysts with thickened walls. These protozoa were distributed throughout the wall in the large intestine. Based on the pathological findings, these snakes were infested with a member of Entamoeba sp., presumably with infection by Entamoeba invadens, the most prevalent type of reptilian amoebae.  相似文献   

Influence of the gut microflora on fasting heat production in chicks     

T Muramatsu  S Nakajima  M Furuse  I Tasaki  J Okumura 《British poultry science》1988,29(2):301-309

1. The influence of the gut microflora on fasting heat production in chicks was investigated. 2. Single Comb White Leghorn chicks were fed on an adequate diet from 2 to 12 d of age and then fasted for 3 d. Fasting heat production was estimated from changes in body composition and energy content of droppings from days 1 to 3 of fasting. Measurements of body temperature and plasma thyroxine concentration were also made. 3. Body fat content was consistently higher in germ-free (GF) chicks than in conventional (CV) counterparts during the starvation period, whereas no difference was found in body protein content. The GF birds had a significantly higher body temperature than the CV controls with no change in plasma thyroxine concentration. 4. It was concluded that estimated fasting heat production of chicks was increased by the absence of the gut microflora.  相似文献   

Importance of albumen content in whole-body protein synthesis of the chicken embryo during incubation.     

T Muramatsu  K Hiramoto  N Koshi  J Okumura  S Miyoshi  T Mitsumoto 《British poultry science》1990,31(1):101-106

The importance of egg albumen content in whole-body protein synthesis was investigated in developing chicken embryos by using lines genetically selected for high and low albumen contents and by removing albumen from eggs before incubation. 2. Whole-body protein synthesis was estimated by injecting L-[15N]-phenylalanine intravenously on day 12 of incubation. 3. Embryos from high albumen eggs had higher whole-body protein synthesis rates than those from low albumen eggs. 4. Whole-body protein synthesis was reduced by the removal of albumen from eggs before incubation. 5. It was concluded that albumen content per se was of crucial importance in regulating whole-body protein synthesis in chicken embryos during incubation.  相似文献