QTL hotspots in eggplant (Solanum melongena) detected with a high resolution map and CIM analysis     

Amy Frary  Anne Frary  Marie-Christine Daunay  Koen Huvenaars  Rolf Mank  Sami Doğanlar 《Euphytica》2014,197(2):211-228

Fifty-eight F₂ individuals derived from an interspecific cross between cultivated eggplant, Solanum melongena, and its wild relative, S. linnaeanum, were phenotyped for 42 plant, leaf, flower, and fruit traits. Composite interval mapping analysis using genotypic data from 736 molecular markers revealed the positions of 71 statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing 32 of the morphological traits. Although most QTL were location-specific, QTL governing three traits (leaf lobing, leaf prickles and prickle anthocyanin) were detected in both experimental locations. Analysis of three additional traits (stem prickles, fruit calyx prickles and fruit length) in both locations yielded QTL in similar but non-overlapping map positions. The majority (69 %) of the QTL corresponded closely with those detected in previous analyses of this data set. However the increased resolution of the linkage map combined with advances in QTL mapping permitted more precise localization, such that the average interval length of these QTL was reduced by 93 %. Thirty-one percent of the QTL were novel, suggesting that simple linear regression with a low density linkage map (the method used in previous studies of this population) missed a substantial portion of significant QTL. Hotspots of QTL affecting plant hairiness, prickliness, and pigmentation were identified on chromosomes 3, 6, and 10, respectively, and may reflect the pleiotropic activity of single structural or regulatory genes at these positions. Based on synteny between the eggplant, tomato, potato and pepper genomes, putative orthologs were identified for 35 % of the QTL suggesting strong conservation of gene function within the Solanaceae. These results should make it easier to target particular loci for map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection studies.  相似文献   

糖化工艺参数对膨化小麦辅料麦汁收得率的影响     

王玉露  郑慧  李宏军 《浙江农业学报》2014,26(4):1073

为提高低温挤压膨化小麦辅料麦汁收得率, 优化糖化工艺,对水料比、辅料比、50℃蛋白质休止时间、62℃糖化时间、70℃糖化时间5因素进行Box Behnken中心组合试验设计,用响应曲面法分析各参数对麦汁收得率的影响。试验得到的最佳糖化工艺参数为: 水料比416(V/m),膨化小麦比例为310%,50℃蛋白质休止时间50 min,62℃糖化时间50 min,70℃糖化时间30 min,在上述条件下,麦汁收得率可达6971%。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary l-tryptophan on the agonistic behavior,growth, and survival of freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz     

Muzaffer Mustafa Harlıoğlu  Ayşe Gül Harlıoğlu  Serpil Mişe Yonar  Tuba Çakmak Duran 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(2):733-748

In this study, the effects of dietary tryptophan (a precursor of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT, serotonin) on the agonistic behavior, growth, and survival of freshwater crayfish were investigated. For this aim, a control diet (D1) and three experimental diets (D2, D3, and D4) were prepared. D1 contained no additional tryptophan (TRP), but D2, D3, and D4 diets were supplemented with TRP at 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 % in dry diet, respectively. The control contained 0.33 % TRP. Results revealed that higher supplemental dietary TRP levels caused a significant decrease in the aggressive behavior (P < 0.05), but an increase in the calmness of crayfish. In addition, the results showed that 5-HT levels in the hemolymph before the fight (after 15 days of feeding; resting) were significantly different (P < 0.05) between D1 and D4. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the 5-HT level of hemolymph between the crayfish fed control and D4 after 15 days of feeding. However, after the fight, 5-HT concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in TRP-supplemented A. leptodactylus as compared with the control. The findings of this study showed that supplemental dietary TRP caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the growth and survival rate of A. leptodactylus. The crayfish fed D4 had the best survival rate at the end of the experiment (91.60 % in August). The findings of this study also showed that difference in survival rate between the crayfish fed control and D2 in June, July, and August was not significant (P > 0.05). In addition to these, supplemental dietary TRP gave rise to significantly higher specific growth rate (SGR) values in June and July (P < 0.05). For example, in June, it was 0.38 for the crayfish fed D4, 0.28 for the crayfish fed D3, 0.18 for the crayfish fed D2, and 0.13 for the crayfish fed control. However, in August, the highest SGR (0.56) was obtained from the crayfish fed control. The results also showed that the SGRs of females were lower than the males in June, July, and August (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this research shows that the aggressive behavior of A. leptodactylus can be suppressed, and rearing efficiency (i.e., increased growth and high survival rate) of this species can be improved by increasing TRP levels to 1.00 % in its diet.  相似文献   

High dietary lipids elevate carbon loss without sparing protein in adequate protein-fed juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hüseyin Sevgili  Adem Kurtoğlu  Masahiko Oikawa  Erol Öztürk  Nurgül Dedebali  Nesrin Emre  Faruk Pak 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(2):797-810

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth and nutrient utilization, and carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balances in juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima) in brackish water. Four isonitrogenous diets (50 % protein) differing in dietary lipid levels from 10 to 19 by 3 % increments (named 10L, 13L, 16L and 19L, respectively) were fed to four replicate groups of fish with an initial weight of 54.4 ± 0.2 g for 9 weeks. Significantly better growth and feed conversion ratio were observed in fish fed 13L than those fed 16L and 19L. The whole body, fillet, viscera and liver dry matter and lipid levels were increased as dietary lipid was increased. Liver protein levels were lower in 16L and 19L than 10L. There was an ascending pattern in the whole-body C levels and C/N ratios with the increase in dietary lipids. No significant effect of dietary lipids on either protein efficiency ratio or N and P retentions was detected. Dietary lipids led to an increase in C losses to the environment. Overall, high dietary lipids when introduced at an adequate protein level did reduce growth and feed utilization without a protein-sparing effect and resulted in higher C losses in juvenile turbot reared, and a dietary lipid level of about 13 % seemed to be optimum.  相似文献   

Evaluation of dietary protein and lipid requirements of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system     

Musa Bulut  Murat Yiğit  Sebahattin Ergün  Osman Sabri Kesbiç  Ümit Acar  Nejdet Gültepe  Mustafa Karga  Sevdan Yılmaz  Derya Güroy 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(3):965-973

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and bioeconomic benefits of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) juveniles, a candidate species for aquaculture sector. Eight experimental diets were formulated with four protein (50, 45, 40 and 35 %) levels for each of the two lipid levels (15 and 10 %). Triplicate groups of juvenile fish with an average initial body weight of ~3.64 g were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system and hand fed twice a day until satiation for a period of 60 days. In the experiment, no difference in survival rate was found between the different groups. Relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily feed intake were not significantly affected by increasing protein and/or lipid treatments in this present study. However, the RGR, SGR and FCR values showed slightly better efficiency in the experimental group (35/15) fed with lower protein content (35 %) and higher lipid level (15 %) compared with those fed other diets. According to bioeconomic analyses results, the diet with the 35 % protein and 15 % lipid generated the best profit. The results suggest that two-banded seabream can be accepted as a promising alternative species for the aquaculture industry and optimum growth of two-banded seabream fingerlings can be obtained when they are fed a diet containing 35 % crude protein and 15 % crude lipid.  相似文献   

花的一年两次人工繁殖技术研究     

寇方露  杨昌齐  许勇  王从锋 《河北渔业》2014,(10):27-30

北盘江光照库区增殖放流站通过调节水温水质、增加冲水次数,强化营养等措施,可使花亲鱼一年两次性成熟,并且使花的两次产卵受精率达80%以上,实现一年两次催产。研究结果表明,该技术可以大大提高亲鱼产卵量,提高了亲鱼利用率,极大地满足了实际需求,可为鱼类繁殖提供参考。  相似文献   

A laboratory bioassay for evaluating pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani isolates to strawberry stolons     

Ayhan Yildiz  Seher Benlioğlu 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(3):367-369

Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia spp. are the most important soilborne pathogens of the strawberry crop that cause seriously reduced yields. Various methods are being used to determine pathogenicity of these fungi isolated from strawberry; however, they take a long time to grow strawberry plants. They also encounter some problems to provide a large number of healthy plants for the pathogenicity tests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a faster and more reliable pathogenicity test for soilborne fungal pathogens of strawberry by using the stolons of healthy strawberry plants. The stolon inoculation method was demonstrated to be easy and rapid for properly distinguishing soilborne fungal species of strawberry, whether pathogenic or non-pathogenic, and also for assessing the isolates for virulence.  相似文献   

Vibration control of active constrained layer damping structure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHENG Ling  WANG Yi  XIE Rong lu 《保鲜与加工》2010,(2):1-7

A finite element dynamic model for plates with active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatments is derived based on the constitutive equations of elastic, viscoelastic and piezoelectric materials by application of Hamilton principle. The closed loop control system considering displacement and velocity feedback of self sensing voltage from sensor layer is developed. The dynamic behaviors of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) plates including nature frequencies, loss factors and responses in frequency domain are investigated. The influence of control gains on vibration suppression is discussed. Numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the finite element model and the control strategy approach. The proposed control strategy can be widely used to structure vibration control with ACLD patches due to its simple scheme and easy implementation.  相似文献   

The phytotoxicity potential of olive processing waste on selected weeds and crop plants     

Özhan Boz  Derya Öğüt  M. Nedim Doğan 《Phytoparasitica》2010,38(3):291-298

The effect of sun-dried OPW (olive processing waste) on weeds and crop plants, was investigated at the Adnan Menderes University Research and Application Farm between 2006 and 2007. Sun-dried OPW was placed in pots in doses of 9, 18, 27, 36, 45 and 54 grams per pot, which is equivalent to doses of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 kg m⁻²; pots with no OPW served as controls. In these experiments, ten seeds each of wild oat (Avena fatua), sterile oat (Avena sterilis), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), faba bean (Vicia faba), pea (Pisum sativum), and sesame (Sesamum indicum) were sown in pots; for common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), seedlings were planted in pots. Seedlings of both weeds and crop plants were counted in order to assess the effects of sun-dried OPW on plant emergence. One plant was left per pot for observation of the effects of sun-dried OPW treatments on weed and crop plant growth. The results showed that OPW can be used to suppress the growth of all the weeds listed above, in pots containing V. faba, P. sativum and S.indicum plants and without any negative effects on crop growth.  相似文献   

The enhanced electrical conductivity of cotton fabrics via polymeric nanocomposites     

Cem Güneşoğlu  Sinem Güneşoğlu  Suying Wei  Zhanhu Guo 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(3):402-407

Enhanced electrical conductivity of cotton fabrics coated with polyaniline (PANI) and PANI/carbon coated Fe (Fe@C) and carbon coated Co (Co@C) metal nanoparticles (NPs) composites were investigated. PANI/metal nanoparticle (NP) composites were fabricated with a surface initialized polymerization method and silanization helped with chemical bonding to cotton. The volume resistivity of the samples and structural characterizations were assessed by relevant methods. The results showed that enhanced electrical conductivity, thermal stability and magnetization were obtained via polymeric nanocomposites (PNC) and all these findings revealed that PANI/metal NP PNC coated cotton fabrics would exhibit good level electromagnetic shielding performance as a function of combined electrical conductivity and magnetization which is the objective of our future studies.  相似文献