Efficacy of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in reducing the immunotoxicity of aflatoxin in growing broilers     

Celik I  Oğuz H  Demet O  Dönmez HH  Boydak M  Sur E 《British poultry science》2000,41(4):430-439

1. Protective action of an enzyme-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, Mycofix Plus) against the immunosuppressive effect of afatoxins (AF) was evaluated by determination of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte proportions and splenic plasma cell counts. Histological changes in lymphoid organs were also investigated by light microscopy. One-d-old broiler chicks (Hybro) received 2.5 mg/kg diet AF (83.06% AFB1, 12.98% AFB2, 2.84% AFG1, 1.12% AFG2) with or without PVPP (3g/kg diet) until 21 d of age. When compared with controls, AF treatment significantly decreased peripheral T-lymphocyte counts. AF caused a slight decrease in splenic plasma cell counts. The addition of PVPP to an AF-containing diet significantly increased T-lymphocyte counts. Splenic plasma cell counts were numerically intermediate between control and AF groups. 3. The dietary addition of PVPP to AF-free diet did not significantly alter either T-lymphocyte or splenic plasma cell counts.  相似文献   

Comparison of four thin-layer chromatographic methods for the determination of aflatoxins in raisins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D Boyacio?lu  M G?nül 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1988,71(2):280-282

A study was conducted to determine the accuracy and precision of 3 AOAC methods, secs 26.026-26.031 (CB), secs 26.032-26.036 (BF), and secs 26.052-26.060 (cottonseed), and the Romer quantitative method for the thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in raisins. The samples were spiked at a level of 10 micrograms total aflatoxins/kg. The TLC development systems were: ether-methanol-water (94 + 4.5 + 1.5) and chloroform-acetone (9 + 1). The interaction between the 4 methods and the 2 development systems was also studied. The average recoveries were 88, 80, 75, and 93% with coefficients of variation of 14.0, 10.4, 14.0, and 9.6% for aflatoxin B1 using the CB, BF, cottonseed, and Romer methods, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no difference in the results obtained using the 2 TLC development systems.  相似文献   

肉用品种羊与地方品种羊所产杂种羊生长发育及产肉性能测定与分析     

吕建民  李颖康  马青  云华  张晓辉 《中国草食动物》2005,25(5):14-16

用特克萨尔、萨福克、无角陶赛特三个肉用品种公羊杂交改良本地原有的滩羊，寒滩杂种羊，所产后裔在相同的饲养管理条件下．特杂去势周岁公羊活重71．87kg，萨杂均64．26kg，陶杂为64．20kg，分别比同龄、同性别的滩羊高113．90％、91．25％、91．07％；比小尾寒羊高73．18％，54．84％，54.07％。屠宰试验结果表明：三个类群肉用杂种羊屠宰后胴体重比滩羊高97．67％～126．70％，比小尾寒羊高68．40％～93．13％；屠宰率比滩羊高1．72～3．88个百分点，比小尾寒羊高4．19～6．35个百分点；活体净肉率比滩羊高2.21～4.72个百分点，比小尾寒羊高6．61～9．12个百分点；其它指标均显著高于本地滩羊和小尾寒羊，改良效果十分明显。  相似文献   

Note: Evaluating insecticides for the control of overwintered adults ofEurygaster integriceps under field conditions in Turkey     

Erhan Koçak  Numan Babaroğlu 《Phytoparasitica》2006,34(5):510-515

The Sunn pestEurygaster integriceps Puton is the most harmful pest of cereals in Turkey and the surrounding countries. Chemical control has been employed against the nymph stages of the pest. The efficacy of six products [acetamiprid (SL, soluble concentrate), chlorpyrifosethyl (EC, emulsifiable concentrate), lambda-cyhalothrin (CS, capsule suspension), monocrotophos (SC, suspension concentrate), thiacloprid (SC) and zeta-cypermethrin (EC)] was tested on overwintered adults ofE. integriceps, with applications to wheat at the shooting stage. In a study conducted at Siverek, Şanlıurfa in the southeastern Anatolia Region, the most effective insecticide was found to be lambda-cyhalothrin. It gave very promising results in controlling the pest and reduced subsequent egg laying and the appearance of nymphs in the trial area. The results showed that chemical control of overwintered adults of the Sunn pest in early spring is possible with lambda-cyhalothrin. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 18, 2006.  相似文献   

Determination of grafting compatibility of grapevine with electrophoretic methods     

Z. Gökbayrak  G. Söylemezoğlu  M. Akkurt  H. Çelik 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007

This study was carried out to determine the efficiency of electrophoretic methods in predicting graft incompatibility of grape cultivars with American rootstocks. Three isoenzyme systems (peroxidase, PER; esterase, EST; acid phosphatase, AcPH) and total protein profiles were obtained in 15 grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) and 12 American rootstocks. Compatibility levels were determined by the band similarities. Field compatibilities were also calculated. Results showed that incompatibility exists between different cultivar–rootstock combinations. AcPH and total protein profiles of the cultivar–rootstock combinations could be suggested to use for forecasting graft incompatibility.  相似文献   

Dicofol resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus: resistance and stability of resistance in populations from Antalya, Turkey     

Dağli F  Tunç I 《Pest management science》2001,57(7):609-614

Resistance against dicofol was investigated in the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Higher resistance levels were detected by leaf residual bioassays than by topical bioassays, both done using a Potter spray tower, in almost all populations of T cinnabarinus examined from Antalya, Turkey. For instance, the resistance level at LC₉₅ was 17.5‐fold in topical bioassays but 58.9‐fold in leaf residual bioassays for the population collected from greenhouses in the Topçular district. There were differences of resistance levels at LC₉₅, ranging between 2.6‐ and 23.9‐fold using topical bioassays and between 5.0‐ and 58.9‐fold in residual bioassays, in populations collected from greenhouses from various districts. Populations from cotton showed lower resistance levels against dicofol than populations from greenhouses. Resistance to dicofol at LC₅₀ as indicated by topical and residual bioassays increased 19.7‐ and 100.7‐fold, respectively, in a colony from the laboratory strain of T cinnabarinus selected with dicofol alone for 16 cycles. However, the dicofol resistance at LC₅₀ increased 19.4‐ and 52.0‐fold in another colony selected in rotation with dicofol and tetradifon for six and eight cycles, respectively. The changes in resistance to dicofol 5 months after the selection ceased were as follows: in the colony selected for dicofol alone, using topical and residual bioassays, the resistance levels at LC₅₀ decreased to 11.7‐ and 99.1‐fold, respectively, and in the colony selected in rotation with dicofol and tetradifon to 10.8‐ and 15.8‐fold, respectively. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Ameliorative effects of dietary clinoptilolite on pathological changes in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ortatatli M  Oğuz H 《Research in veterinary science》2001,71(1):59-66

The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). Clinoptilolite (ClI), incorporated into the diet at 1.5 and 2.5 per cent, was evaluated for the ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.5 mg total aflatoxin (AF) kg(-1)diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 360 broiler chicks were divided into six treatment groups [Control, AF, CLI (1.5 per cent), AF plus CLI (1.5 per cent), CLI (2.5 per cent), and AF plus CLI (2.5 per cent)] each consisting of 60 chicks. Compared to controls, the AF consuming chicks showed increases in the relative weights of liver and kidney; and gross-histopathologic hepatic lesions such as paleness, friability, diffuse hydropic degeneration and/or fatty change, bile-duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis. Glumerular hypertrophy, increases in the number of mesengial cells and hydropic degeneration of tubuler epithelium in kidneys of chicks fed diet AF alone were also observed. Atrophy and lymphoid depletion were seen in the thymuses and bursa of Fabricius from the chicks fed AF alone. The additions of CLI (1.5 and 2.5 per cent) to the AF -containing diet moderately (significantly in some cases) decreased the number of affected broilers and/or the severity of lesions. The addition of CLI to the AF-free diet did not produce any significant changes compared with the controls. These results suggest that CLI was effective for the protection of AF-toxication in broilers and it could contribute to a solution of the AF problem in poultry production.  相似文献   

Differences in virulence of genets of Heterobasidion annosum and susceptibility of young plants of different conifer species and origins     

Refika Ceyda Beram  Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya  Hatice Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi  Asko Lehtijärvi  Steve Woodward 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(5):e12827

Heterobasidion species are the most important pathogens causing root and stem rot on conifers in northern hemisphere forests. The host list of this complex is very wide and includes over 200 species of trees and shrubs. Among the members of this complex, Heterobasidion annosum s. s. has the largest host range. In this study, young plants of Pinus sylvestris, Picea orientalis, Abies nordmanniana, Cedrus libani and Pinus brutia (three different origins) were inoculated on the lower stem with known genets of Heterobasidion annosum s.s. collected from Pinus brutia stands in south-western Türkiye. Infection frequency, assessed as presence of the conidial stage in stem discs following incubation, in the inoculated seedlings was 100%. The Heterobasidion annosum s. s. isolates were re-isolated from all inoculated host species. Control seedlings showed no symptoms of disease. Mortality in inoculated plants was 11.5% of the 735 inoculated plants, which died over an 8-weeks incubation period. The isolates showed greater growth on Cedrus libani, Pinus sylvestris and Picea orientalis seedlings compared to other species tested. On the other hand, it was found that the least affected seedlings were Pinus brutia TB12 and Abies nordmanniana. This study proved that differences occur in aggressiveness of Heterobasidion annosum s. s. to host species. A striking point in the results is that, despite being the host species from which the isolates were obtained, Pinus brutia seedlings showed lower sensitivity to Heterobasidion annosum s. s. than the other conifer species tested. Inoculations of three different Pinus brutia provenances suggested there was no significant difference in mean lesion lengths and fungal growth values in Pinus brutia plants, except in Pinus brutia TB14, which was more susceptible to extension growth of the pathogen.  相似文献   

温室土壤-植物-环境连续体水热运移研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴文勇  杨培岭  刘洪禄 《灌溉排水学报》2002,21(1):76-79

温室栽培是节水增产的有效措施 ,对温室土壤植物环境连续体 (SPEC)水热运移的研究有助于弄清温室系统内水热的收支、运移与转化规律 ,可为温室环境控制和节水、增产和降耗提供有力的理论基础。指出了该领域的研究现状和急需解决的问题  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of malignant catarrhal fever-related gammaherpesviruses in domestic ruminants in Turkey     

Yeşlbağ K 《Tropical animal health and production》2007,39(5):363-368

The prevalence of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus infection in cattle, sheep and goat populations and also the prevalence of recovered and chronic MCF cases in north-western Turkey are reported. A total of 600 animals, 200 individuals of each species, located in four provinces were sampled between December 2003 and July 2005. A monoclonal antibody-based competitive inhibition (ci) ELISA were used to detect infection status of the animals. Detected antibody prevalence was 97.5%, 96.0% and 15.0% in sheep, goats and cattle, respectively. These results showed that MCF related gammaherpesvirus infections are common in north-western Turkey. There was no significant difference between prevalences detected in sheep and goats, as well as various breeds of these species. There was also no significant difference among locations. Results of this study show that sheep and goats may equally be important in the epidemiology of MCF in Turkey. Seropositivity against MCF agents among cattle was 15.0%. The results indicate that MCF infections may be maintained in intensively managed cattle herds having no close contact with small ruminants.  相似文献