Reproducible genomic DNA preparation from diverse crop species for molecular genetic applications     

Kelvin T. Chiong  Mona B. Damaj  Carmen S. Padilla  Carlos A. Avila  Shankar R. Pant  Kranthi K. Mandadi  Ninfa R. Ramos  Denise V. Carvalho  T. Erik Mirkov 《Plant methods》2017,13(1):106

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Genetic Diversity Analysis of Rice Germplasm in Tripura State of Northeast India Using Drought and Blast Linked Markers     

Alpana Anupam  Jahangir Imam  Syed Mohammad Quatadah  Anantha Siddaiah  Shankar Prasad Das  Mukund Variar  Nimai Prasad Mandal 《水稻科学》2017,24(1):10-20

We genotyped 74 rice germplasms including Tripura's local landraces, improved varieties, cultivars and breeding lines and other rice varieties using molecular markers for genetic diversity, drought QTLs, and blast resistance genes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5 with an average of 2.9. The polymorphic information content value per locus ranged from 0.059 (RM537) to 0.755 (RM252) with an average of 0.475. Cluster analysis based on 30 simple sequence repeat markers revealed 5 clusters and also indicated the presence of variability within the rice accessions. The drought QTL qDTY2.1 was found in 56.0% of germplasms and qDTY1.1 was detected in only 6.8% of the germplasms. Out of seven rice blast resistance genes screened, only two rice varieties, RCPL-1-82 and Buh Vubuk (Lubuk), were positive for four blast resistance genes while only Releng possessed two blast resistance genes. Among 74 rice germplasms, only three accessions, Releng, RCPL1-82 and Buh Vubuk (Lubuk), possessed both drought-related QTLs and blast resistance genes. Overall, the 74 indigenous rice genotypes showed low level of genetic diversity, which is in contrast to high level of genetic diversity among rice varieties in northeast India, where highlights the good farming practice, conservation of germplasms and the limitation of molecular markers employed in this study. The presence of both drought related QTLs and blast resistance genes in some of the germplasms can be useful in future breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin induced alterations in nucleic acids and protein contents in a freshwater fish, <Emphasis Type="Italic"> Channa punctatus</Emphasis>     

Kumar A  Sharma B  Pandey RS 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2008,34(4):331-338

In this study, a freshwater fish Channa punctatus was exposed to subacute concentrations of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin) for 96 h to evaluate their impact on the levels of nucleic acids and protein in its different organs. Significant enhancement in the level of DNA was recorded in all tissues of the fish at high concentration of cypermethrin, whereas RNA and protein contents increased in tissues at all concentrations of cypermethrin tested. In contrast, λ-cyhalothrin treatment caused an increase in the level of DNA only in liver and brain, whereas increase of RNA and protein varied to different levels in different tissues. Cypermethrin treatment induced RNA/DNA ratio in all fish organs tested, whereas λ-cyhalothrin caused a sharp decrease in the ratio. Protein/DNA ratios were found to be tissue specific in treatments with both of the insecticides. The results clearly indicated that both of these pyrethroids exerted their effects in a similar manner in fish liver but differed in other tissues. These insecticides acted as potential biomodulators in C. punctatus, though following different routes. The results may be an indicator of aquatic pollution affecting freshwater fauna and flora and thus signaling the need for strict regulation on the indiscriminate input of pyrethroids from agricultural sites.  相似文献   

Long‐term effects of organic manure and manufactured fertilizer additions on soil quality and sustainable productivity of finger millet under a finger millet–groundnut cropping system in southern India          下载免费PDF全文

A. Sathish  B. K. Ramachandrappa  M. A. Shankar  P. N. Srikanth Babu  CH. Srinivasarao  K. L. Sharma 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(3):311-321

In a 20‐yr‐old long‐term experiment, the impact of continuous application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on soil quality and the sustainability of finger millet production was conducted on two cropping systems: finger millet and finger millet–groundnut on an Alfisol of semi‐arid southern India. The study was conducted from 1992 to 2011 at the All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, UAS, Bangalore, using a randomized block design. The treatments comprised of T₁: control [no fertilizer and no farmyard manure (FYM) applied], T₂: FYM 10 t/ha, T₃: FYM 10 t/ha + 50% of recommended NPK (50:50:25 kg/ha), T₄: FYM 10 t/ha + 100% of recommended NPK and T₅: 100% recommended NPK. Comparison of long‐term yield data between treatments was used to calculate a ‘sustainability yield index’ (SYI), which was greatest for T₄ (FYM 10 t/ha + 100% of recommended NPK), in both rotational (0.68) and monocropping (0.63) situations. Soil quality indices were determined using principal component analysis linear scoring functions. The key indicators which contributed to the soil quality index (SQI) under rotation were organic C; potentially available N; extractable P, K and S; exchangeable Ca and Mg; dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass C and N. The largest SQI (7.29) was observed in T₄ (FYM 10 t/ha + 100% NPK), and the smallest (3.70) SQI was for the control. Application of 10 t/ha FYM together with NPK (50:50:25 kg/ha) sustained a mean yield of 3884 kg/ha.  相似文献   

Effect of varietal resistance on the yield loss function of wheat to nodorum blotch     

Manisha Shankar  Karyn Reeves  Jason Bradley  Ryan Varischetti  Robert Loughman 《Plant pathology》2021,70(3):745-759

Cultivar disease resistance ratings to nodorum blotch (caused by Parastagonospora nodorum) provide critical information to growers to assist with disease management. However, less has been done in terms of yield losses from diseases under different cultivar resistance scenarios. The purpose of this study was to characterize yield and quality loss responses to wheat nodorum blotch as influenced by variety partial resistance, epidemic intensity, and environment. The trial series includes four site/years in Western Australia. Five varieties, Magenta, Calingiri, Trojan, Janz, and Scout were used for all four trials. These varieties represented resistant/susceptible categories MRMS, MS, MSS, S, and SVS, respectively, and were selected on the basis that they were adapted to the western region, had similar maturities, and were resistant to diseases that were potential contaminants. Trials were sown in a strip-plot design with three replicates and five disease levels, with intersecting main-plots of varieties and disease levels, which facilitated comparisons across disease levels within varieties. Current categories of resistance were well reflected in yield and quality responses. A negative exponential relationship was observed between yield and disease, with a nonlinear yield loss function for both flag leaf and glume infection. This indicates that yield is most affected during early stages of disease on flag leaves and glumes. The functional form of yield loss response over four site years was similar among varieties, but varieties differed in their extent of disease expression. Partial resistance in commercial wheat varieties reduced yield loss by 40%–60% of losses observed in susceptible varieties.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of bacterial wilt resistance in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)     

Barik  Satyaprakash  Ponnam  Naresh  G.C  Acharya  V  Sandeep  T.H  Singh  Kumari  Meenu  P  Srinivas  Gouri Shankar  Sahu 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,160(2):349-364

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Bacterial wilt triggered by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major devastating diseases causing significant yield reduction in eggplant. F1 hybrids (18...  相似文献   

ROC analysis of prepartum feeding time can accurately predict postpartum metritis development in HF crossbred cows     

Tapas Kumar Patbandha  Tushar Kumar Mohanty  Siddhartha Shankar Layek  Arumugam Kumaresan  Suresh C. Kantwa  R. Malhotra  A.P. Ruhil  Shiv Prasad 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(5):362-366

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is a useful statistical tool to visualize, organize, and select diagnostic variables. Accuracy of the test is represented by the area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity (Se), and specificity (Sp). In the present study, ROC analysis of prepartum feeding time (day ?11 to day ?2) of 20 pluriparous Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows were recorded, and the cows were followed up for detecting postpartum metritis development if any. Prepartum daily feeding time data during whole study was grouped into 2 periods (P1 [day ?11 to day ?7] and P2 [day ?6 to day ?2]). The AUC of feeding time for the P1 and P2 periods was 0.64 (P = 0.29) and 0.86 (P = 0.006), respectively. Cows with daily feeding times below the optimum threshold value of 284.5 min/d during P2 (Se = 75% and Sp = 91.67%) had more chance of developing postpartum metritis compared with those with daily feeding time above the threshold value (positive likelihood ratio = 9.0). Furthermore, relative risk (RR) analysis revealed that the risk of development of postpartum metritis increased as feeding time decreased below the optimum threshold value during P2 (RR = 5.571, P = 0.004). Thus, the optimum threshold value of feeding time during P2 may be used to predict risk of postpartum metritis, allowing for preventive measures to be implemented in the early postpartum period to reduce the likelihood of postpartum complications.  相似文献   

Improving RNA interference in the southern green stink bug,Nezara viridula     

Gurusamy  Dhandapani  Howell  Jeffrey L.  Chereddy  Shankar C. R. R.  Mogilicherla  Kanakachari  Palli  Subba Reddy 《Journal of pest science》2021,94(4):1461-1472

Journal of Pest Science - The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula, is a worldwide pest of many important crops. RNA from N. viridula nymphs and adults was sequenced and assembled into a...  相似文献   

Enhanced soybean (Glycine max L.) plant growth and nodulation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum-SB1 in presence of Bacillus thuringiensis-KR1     

Pankaj K. Mishra  Smita Mishra  G. Selvakumar  Samresh Kundu  Hari Shankar Gupta 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):189-196

Abstract

Nodulation and subsequent nitrogen fixation are important factors that determine the productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.). The beneficial effects of nodulation can be enhanced when rhizobial inoculation is combined with plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). The PGPB strain Bacillus thuringiensis-KR1, originally isolated from the nodules of Kudzu vine (Pueraria thunbergiana), was found to promote growth of soybean plants (variety VL Soya 2) under Jensen's tube and growth pouch conditions, when co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum-SB1. Co-inoculation with Bacillus thuringiensis-KR1 (at a cell density of 10 cfu) provided the highest and most consistent increase in nodule number, shoot weight, root weight, root volume, and total biomass, over rhizobial inoculation and control, under both conditions. The results demonstrate the potential benefits of using nonrhizobial nodule occupants of wild legumes for the co-inoculation of soybean, with Bradyrhizobium japonicum-SB1, in order to achieve plant-growth promotion and increased nodulation.  相似文献   

Quantitative sequencing of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at single-base resolution     

Booth MJ  Branco MR  Ficz G  Oxley D  Krueger F  Reik W  Balasubramanian S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6083):934-937

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