The disposition kinetics and residues of fenvalerate in tissues following a single dermal application to black bengal goats     

T. K. Mandal  A. K. Chakraborty  A. Bhattacharya  R. K. Ghosh  S. Majumder 《Veterinary research communications》1996,20(3):265-272

The disposition kinetics of fenvalerate were studied in goats after dermal application of 100 ml of 0.25% (w/v) solution. The insecticide persisted in the blood for 72 h. The mean (±SEM) V _d(area) and apparent t _1/2 () were 9.92±1.44 L/kg and 17.51±2.65 h, while the AUC and Cl_B values were respectively 82.15±7.40 g h/ml and 0.56±0.05 L/(kg h). Four days after the dermal application, the highest concentration of fenvalerate residues was found in the adrenal gland, followed by the biceps muscle, omental fat, liver, kidney, lung and cerebrum in that order. Fenvalerate caused hyperglycaemia but had no effect on serum protein and cholesterol levels. Serum acetylcholinesterase activities were increased after 24 h but were below the initial values from 48 to 120 h.Abbreviations Ache acetylcholinestase - AUC total area under the blood insecticide concentration-versus-time curve - Cl_B total body clearance - GLC gas-liquid chromatography - t _1/2() apparent elimination half-life - V _d(area) apparent volume of insecticide distribution based on area method  相似文献   

Heat dissipation sensors of variable length for the measurement of sap flow in trees with deep sapwood   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James SA  Clearwater MJ  Meinzer FC  Goldstein G 《Tree physiology》2002,22(4):277-283

Robust thermal dissipation sensors of variable length (3 to 30 cm) were developed to overcome limitations to the measurement of radial profiles of sap flow in large-diameter tropical trees with deep sapwood. The effective measuring length of the custom-made sensors was reduced to 1 cm at the tip of a thermally nonconducting shaft, thereby minimizing the influence of nonuniform sap flux density profiles across the sapwood. Sap flow was measured at different depths and circumferential positions in the trunks of four trees at the Parque Natural Metropolitano canopy crane site, Panama City, Republic of Panama. Sap flow was detected to a depth of 24 cm in the trunks of a 1-m-diameter Anacardium excelsum (Bertero & Balb. ex Kunth) Skeels tree and a 0.65-m-diameter Ficus insipida Willd. tree, and to depths of 7 cm in a 0.34-m-diameter Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Cham. trunk, and 17 cm in a 0.47-m-diameter Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin trunk. Sap flux density was maximal in the outermost 4 cm of sapwood and declined with increasing sapwood depth. Considerable variation in sap flux density profiles was observed both within and among the trees. In S. morototoni, radial variation in sap flux density was associated with radial variation in wood properties, particularly vessel lumen area and distribution. High variability in radial and circumferential sap flux density resulted in large errors when measurements of sap flow at a single depth, or a single radial profile, were used to estimate whole-plant water use. Diurnal water use ranged from 750 kg H2O day-1 for A. excelsum to 37 kg H2O day-1 for C. alliodora.  相似文献   

FMD in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands     

Hemadri D  Sanyal A  Tosh C  Rasool TJ  Bhattacharya S  Pan TS  Chattaopadhyay AP  Bandyopadhyay AG  Chakravarthy JL  Negi AB  Bandyopadhyay SK 《The Veterinary record》2006,158(10):347-348

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Leucine-tRNA initiates at CUG start codons for protein synthesis and presentation by MHC class I   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Starck SR  Jiang V  Pavon-Eternod M  Prasad S  McCarthy B  Pan T  Shastri N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6089):1719-1723

Effective immune surveillance by cytotoxic T cells requires newly synthesized polypeptides for presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. These polypeptides are produced not only from conventional AUG-initiated, but also from cryptic non-AUG-initiated, reading frames by distinct translational mechanisms. Biochemical analysis of ribosomal initiation complexes at CUG versus AUG initiation codons revealed that cells use an elongator leucine-bound transfer RNA (Leu-tRNA) to initiate translation at cryptic CUG start codons. CUG/Leu-tRNA initiation was independent of the canonical initiator tRNA (AUG/Met-tRNA(i)(Met)) pathway but required expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 2A. Thus, a tRNA-based translation initiation mechanism allows non-AUG-initiated protein synthesis and supplies peptides for presentation by MHC class I molecules.  相似文献   

Optimization of an in vitro assay to detect Streptococcus equi subsp. equi     

Boyle AG  Boston RC  O'Shea K  Young S  Rankin SC 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,159(3-4):406-410

Streptococcus equi is the etiologic agent of a highly infectious upper respiratory disease of horses known as strangles. Bacterial culture methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nasopharyngeal washes and guttural pouch lavages are used routinely to test clinical and carrier animals for the presence of S. equi but no definitive or gold standard test method has been shown to be optimal. We hypothesized that (i) a flocked swab submerged in ten-fold serial dilution suspensions of S. equi prepared in 0.9% NaCl would detect more colony forming units (CFU) than a rayon swab when used to inoculate a blood agar plate, (ii) centrifugation of a 1ml aliquot of each suspension would improve the limit of detection (LOD) by bacterial culture and PCR compared to the culture or PCR of submerged swab samples, (iii) PCR of the centrifuged samples from each suspension would be more sensitive than aerobic culture alone, and (iv) PCR of a 1ml aliquot directly from a sample would be more sensitive than PCR of a sample following submersion of a flocked swab in 1ml saline. Using 7 ten-fold serial dilutions of S. equi in 0.9% NaCl, the LOD for 4 bacterial culture methods and 3 PCR methods were compared. The LOD of direct PCR and flocked swab culture was determined at 1cfu/ml. All PCR methods were equivalent to each other and were more sensitive than any of the culture methods at the lower dilutions. At higher cell densities (>100cfu/ml) flocked swab culture was not statistically better than rayon swab culture, but it was superior to all other methods tested.  相似文献   

Evaluation of tyrosinase expression in canine and equine melanocytic tumors     

Phillips JC  Lembcke LM  Noltenius CE  Newman SJ  Blackford JT  Grosenbaugh DA  Leard AT 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(2):272-278

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Evaluation of an automated,homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for serum thyroxine measurement in dog and cat serum     

Horney BS  MacKenzie AL  Burton SA  Olexson DW  Mitton KL  Coty WA  Rinne SG 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1999,28(1):20-28

A homogenous enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for measurement of serum thyroxine (T4) concentration was evaluated for use with canine and feline serum. The EIA method was linear from 0 to 150 nmol T4/L for human serum, 0 to 94 nmol T4/L for feline serum and 10 to 60 nmol T4/L for canine serum. Intra- and interassay precision studies yielded coefficients of variation 相似文献   

Cryptococcal pyelonephritis in a dog     

Newman SJ  Langston CE  Scase TJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(2):180-3, 174

A 5-year-old castrated male Golden Retriever was evaluated for polyuria, polydipsia, and progressive regurgitation thought to be a result of bacterial pyelonephritis and megaesophagus. Bacteriologic culture of urine failed to yield clinically relevant growth, and results of a urine sediment examination were normal. With time, intention tremors and progressive neurologic dysfunction were also observed. At necropsy, a diagnosis of cryptococcal disease was confirmed histologically and immunohistochemically. Findings in the dog of this report were indicative of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with polyuria and polydipsia caused by cryptococcal pyelonephritis. Neurologic manifestations of systemic cryptococcus infection included megaesophagus, esophageal hypomotility, and regurgitation attributed to localization of cryptococcal organisms in the brain stem in the region of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of polyuria secondary to cryptococcal pyelonephritis.  相似文献   

Use of the carbon dioxide laser for perianal and rectal surgery.     

Bert A Shelley 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2002,32(3):621-37, vii

The skin of the perianal region is very thin and sensitive. The carbon dioxide laser is a very effective tool for removing tumors and treating conditions of this area. It offers a "no touch" method of treatment for conditions of the perianal region. There is less bleeding, less pain, less swelling with the use of the carbon dioxide laser. The carbon dioxide laser is an effective tool for excising perianal tumors, rectal tumors, performing anal sacculectomies and treating perianal fistulas.  相似文献   

Agarose gel electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the serum of hyperthyroid cats     

Horney BS  Farmer AJ  Honor DJ  MacKenzie A  Burton S 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1994,23(3):98-102

Cats with hyperthyroidism [(increased serum thyroxine (T(4))] commonly have increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in addition to other serum biochemical abnormalities. Serum biochemical profiles were obtained from 10 hyperthyroid cats which had increased serum ALP. Agarose gel electrophoresis of serum from these cats was performed and stained for alkaline phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity was calculated for each of the separate bands obtained, and the results were compared to those of tissue extracts, serum from normal cats, and serum from normothyroid cats with increased serum ALP activity. The hyperthyroid cats had increased ALP activity in bands corresponding to isoenzymes originating in the liver, bone, and an unidentified tissue source.  相似文献