Effects of Fusarium mycotoxins in rations with different concentrate proportions on serum haptoglobin and hepatocellular integrity in lactating dairy cows          下载免费PDF全文

A. Kinoshita  C. Keese  A. Beineke  U. Meyer  A. Starke  H. Sauerwein  S. Dänicke  J. Rehage 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(5):887-892

It was hypothesized that long‐term intake of a diet contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) and differing in the proportion of concentrate might affect hepatocellular integrity and function as well as biomarkers of systemic inflammation in lactating dairy cows. In Period 1 (11 weeks), 26 lactating German Holstein cows (13 primiparous and 13 pluriparous, 31 days in milk, 522 kg body weight, on average) were divided into two groups and fed diets (50% concentrate) with (MYC, n = 12; on average 5.3 mg DON/kg DM) or without (CON, n = 14) DON contaminations. In Period 2 (16 weeks), each group was further divided into two groups to test whether elevated concentrate proportion as additional burden might enhance the toxicity of DON. The cows in MYC60 (n = 6; 4.6 mg DON/kg DM) and CON60 (n = 7) received the diet with 60% concentrate, while cows in MYC30 (n = 6; 4.4 mg DON/kg DM) and CON30 (n = 7) received the diet with 30% concentrate. Blood samples were taken in biweekly intervals for activities of aspartate amino transferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and gamma‐glutamyl transferase as well as for concentration of total bilirubin and haptoglobin. Biopsies from liver were collected in week 27 for morphological analyses. No DON effect was found for the variables assessed in blood. The diet with 60% concentrate led to higher activities of AST and GLDH in Period 2. No morphological change was found by both light and electron microscopic analyses of liver samples. Results indicated that long‐term intake of DON‐contaminated diet over 27 weeks led to neither relevant damages of hepatocytes nor systemic inflammatory responses in lactating dairy cows, even if the dietary concentrate proportion was increased to 60%.  相似文献   

Low prevalence of equine coronavirus in foals in the largest thoroughbred horse breeding region of Japan, 2012–2014     

Manabu Nemoto  Yasuhiro Oue  Tohru Higuchi  Yuta Kinoshita  Hiroshi Bannai  Koji Tsujimura  Takashi Yamanaka  Takashi Kondo 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

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Diverse functions of perlecan in central nervous system cells in vitro          下载免费PDF全文

Ryosuke Nakamura  Fumio Nakamura  Shigeharu Fukunaga 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(10):904-911

Therapeutic treatment targeting one cell type is considered ineffective in remedying any injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Perlecan, a multi‐functional, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, shows diverse effects on distinct cell types, suggesting that it is one of the candidates that can augment the regenerative mechanisms in the injured CNS. Therefore, we examined the functions of perlecan in CNS cells in vitro by using perlecan purified from bovine kidney. Perlecan‐coated cell culture plates, unlike their type I/III collagen‐coated counterparts, did not inhibit the adhesion of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) and neurons. The coated perlecan and the perlecan added to the culture medium suppressed astrocyte proliferation; however, perlecan added to the medium promoted NS/PC proliferation. Neurons were promoted to extend their neurites on the perlecan‐coated substrate, and perlecan added to the medium also showed a similar effect. NS/PC proliferation and neurite extension is a major regenerative reaction in CNS injury, whereas excess proliferation of astrocytes cause hypertrophy of glial scars, which repels neurons. Our in vitro study suggests that perlecan is an attractive candidate to promote regenerative mechanisms and to suppress reactions that hamper regenerative processes in cases of CNS injury.  相似文献   

Disruption of endogenous perlecan function improves differentiation of rat articular chondrocytes in vitro          下载免费PDF全文

Ryosuke Nakamura  Fumio Nakamura  Shigeharu Fukunaga 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(4):449-458

Heparan sulfate (HS) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) are necessary for normal cartilage development and chondrocyte differentiation. However, recent studies demonstrated that HSPG accelerate dedifferentiation and catabolism in chondrocytes from degenerative cartilage. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of HSPG on chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. Rat articular chondrocytes were cultured at low (0.3 × 10⁴ cells/cm²) and high (1.5 × 10⁵ cells/cm²) density in the presence or absence of heparitinase I, an HS degrading enzyme. Cells cultured at low density dedifferentiated and exhibited an elongated morphology, and treatment with heparitinase I precluded cell elongation. Conversely, populations of chondrocytes cultured at high density exhibited either a dedifferentiated or differentiated phenotype. Glycosaminoglycan accumulation increased in heparitinase I‐treated cells. To determine the function of perlecan, an important HSPG for cartilage development, in chondrocyte differentiation, rat chondrocyte cultures were exposed to an anti‐perlecan antiserum to inhibit perlecan function. Western blotting analysis indicated that preventing perlecan activity increased type II collagen synthesis. Our results suggest that HSPG are negative regulators of chondrocyte differentiation in vitro and that perlecan contributes to chondrocyte dedifferentiation in vitro.  相似文献   

Clinical and histopathological presentation and successful treatment with ciclosporin for canine sarcoidosis: a case report     

Keita Iyori  Makoto Kinoshita  Akihiro Imai  Ichiro Imanishi  Kinji Shirota 《Veterinary dermatology》2019,30(5):438-e136

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Innervation of Extrahepatic Biliary Tract,With Special Reference to the Direct Bidirectional Neural Connections of the Gall Bladder,Sphincter of Oddi and Duodenum in Suncus murinus,in Whole‐Mount Immunohistochemical Study          下载免费PDF全文

S.‐Q. Yi  K. Ren  M. Kinoshita  N. Takano  M. Itoh  N. Ozaki 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2016,45(3):184-188

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is one of the most important symptoms in post‐cholecystectomy syndrome. Using either electrical or mechanical stimulation and retrogradely transported neuronal dyes, it has been demonstrated that there are direct neural pathways connecting gall bladder and the sphincter of Oddi in the Australian opossum and the golden hamster. In the present study, we employed whole‐mount immunohistochemistry staining to observe and verify that there are two different plexuses of the extrahepatic biliary tract in Suncus murinus. One, named Pathway One, showed a fine, irregular but dense network plexus that ran adhesively and resided on/in the extrahepatic biliary tract wall, and the plexus extended into the intrahepatic area. On the other hand, named Pathway Two, exhibiting simple, thicker and straight neural bundles, ran parallel to the surface of the extrahepatic biliary tract and passed between the gall bladder and duodenum, but did not give off any branches to the liver. Pathway Two was considered to involve direct bidirectional neural connections between the duodenum and the biliary tract system. For the first time, morphologically, we demonstrated direct neural connections between gall bladder and duodenum in S. murinus. Malfunction of the sphincter of Oddi may be caused by injury of the direct neural pathways between gall bladder and duodenum by cholecystectomy. From the viewpoint of preserving the function of the major duodenal papilla and common bile duct, we emphasize the importance of avoiding kocherization of the common bile duct so as to preserve the direct neural connections between gall bladder and sphincter of Oddi.  相似文献   

Comparison of the effects explained by variations in the bovine PLAG1 and NCAPG genes on daily body weight gain,linear skeletal measurements and carcass traits in Japanese Black steers from a progeny testing program     

Hiroshi Hoshiba  Kouji Setoguchi  Toshio Watanabe  Akihiro Kinoshita  Kazunori Mizoshita  Yoshikazu Sugimoto  Akiko Takasuga 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(7):529-534

The c.1326T>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NCAPG gene, which leads to an amino acid change of Ile442 to Met442, was previously identified as a candidate causative variation for a bovine carcass weight quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 6, which was associated with linear skeletal measurement gains and daily body weight gain at puberty. Recently, we identified the stature quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) in the PLAG1‐CHCHD7 intergenic region as the causative variations for another carcass weight QTL on chromosome 14. This study aimed to compare the effects of the two QTL on growth and carcass traits using 768 Japanese Black steers from a progeny testing program and to determine whether a genetic interaction was present between them. The FJX_250879 SNP representing the stature QTL was associated with linear skeletal measurements and average daily body weight gain at early and late periods during adolescence. A genetic interaction between FJX_250879 and NCAPG c.1326T>G was detected only for body and rump lengths. Both were associated with increased carcass weight and Longissimus muscle area, and NCAPG c.1326T>G was also associated with reduced subcutaneous fat thickness and increased carcass yield estimate. These results will provide useful information to improve carcass weight in Japanese Black cattle.  相似文献   

Similarity of GATA-3 Expression between Rat and Human Mammary Glands     

Yuichi Kinoshita  Katsuhiko Yoshizawa  Yuko Emoto  Michiko Yuki  Takashi Yuri  Nobuaki Shikata  Airo Tsubura 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2014,27(2):159-162

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Night-time vertical distribution and abundance of small epipelagic and mesopelagic fishes in the upper 100 m layer of the Kuroshio-Oyashio Transition Zone in Spring     

Akihiko?YatsuEmail author  Chiyuki?Sassa  Masatoshi?Moku  Takahiro?Kinoshita 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(6):1280-1286

ABSTRACT:   In order to simultaneously compare vertical distributions of small pelagic fishes and mesopelagic fishes during the night in the upper 100 m, one oblique and 11 horizontal tows of large-sized (opening area 480 m²) trawl operations were conducted at different depths in the Kuroshio–Oyashio Transition Zone during 20–22 May 1995. While Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus and Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus were concentrated in the upper 20 m, mackerels Scomber spp. were collected uniformly in the upper 80 m layer. Myctophid fishes Ceratoscopelus warmingii, Diaphus kuroshio, Diogenichthys atlanticus , Myctophum asperum , Notoscopelus spp. mostly N. resplendens , and Symbolophorus californiensis , a gempylid Nealotus tripes , a microstomatid Lipolagus ochotensis and a phosichthyid Vinciguerria nimbaria were dominant components of mesopelagic fishes that ascended to the upper 100 m layer at night, where these mesopelagic fishes concentrated at depths of 20–80 m. In the upper 20 m layer, Japanese anchovy comprised 60% of the total wet weight of all fishes followed by D. atlanticus (3%), C. warmingii (2%) and S. californiensis (2%). Juvenile myctophids were dominant in the upper 20 m layer compared to deeper layers.  相似文献   

Effect of stocking density and addition of proteins on larval survival in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus     

Masatomo Tagawa  Tatsuya Kaji  Masato Kinoshita  Masaru Tanaka 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):517-525

The effects of larval density, rearing media, and protein additions on fish larval survival were tested by rearing larvae in small containers. Yolk-sac larvae of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, were transferred 1 day after hatching to plastic dishes and cell-culture microplates by Pasture pipette at densities ranging from 0.3 to 30 individuals/ml and incubated at 16 °C without food. Dead larvae were removed and counted every 12 h. Three peaks of larval mortality were observed: the first peak appeared just after the transfer, the second corresponded to the completion of yolk absorption, and the third occurred 10–12 days after the transfer. Since about 50% of larvae survived until the third peak, it was clear that mortality at the second peak (completion of yolk absorption; equivalent to the first feeding) was not due to starvation. At the first mortality peak, better survival was unexpectedly recorded at higher larval densities (30 individuals/ml), suggesting that some material beneficial for survival is derived from the larvae. This idea was further supported by the improved survival in media previously used to rear larvae at high densities. The addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 10 μg/ml effectively reduced mortality in microplates and in 30-l tanks. To reduce the larval mortality just after handling, addition of egg white at a dilution rate of 1/30,000 (vol/vol) or less is recommended as a practical alternative to BSA. Since the addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 (1 μg/ml) also effectively reduced mortality, reduction in mortality could not be attributed to a specific mechanism. The precise determination of the magnitude and timing of larval mortality was attained through the use of small containers, and a method to prevent mortality due to handling was identified in this study. These types of tests may allow the logical evaluation and establishment of better rearing procedures for seed production in aquaculture.  相似文献