Polyol accumulation in galactosemic and diabetic rats: control by an aldose reductase inhibitor   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

E Dvornik  N Simard-Duquesne  M Krami  K Sestanj  K H Gabbay  J H Kinoshita  S D Varma  L O Merola 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,182(117):1146-1148

An orally active inhibitor of aldose reductase, 1,3-dioxo-1H-benz[de]-isoquinoline-2(3H)acetic acid (AY-22,284), prevented cataractous changes in cultured lenses exposed to high concentrations of galactose. When given orally, AY-22,284 markedly decreased the accumulation of polyols in the lenses and sciatic nerves of galactosemic rats and rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In addition, treatment of galactosemic rats with AY-22,284 effectively suppressed the formation of cataracts.  相似文献   

Association between bacterial community structures and mortality of fish larvae in intensive rearing systems     

Gentoku Nakase  Yoshizumi Nakagawa  Shigeru Miyashita  Toshiro Nasu  Shigeharu Senoo  Hiroko Matsubara  Mitsuru Eguchi 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):784-791

Bacterial community structures were analyzed in water used for rearing fish larvae by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In Experiment 1, red sea bream Pagrus major larvae were reared in two commercial seed production tanks. The survival rate in Tank 1 was higher than in Tank 2, even though phytoplankton, Nannochloropsis sp., was added to both tanks. In Tank 2, γ-proteobacteria became dominant (∼70% of total bacteria) on day 13, there after heavy larval mortalities occurred. In Tank 1, however, α-proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster were predominant from day − 1 until day 13; no significant mortality was recorded. In Experiment 2, marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus larvae were cultured with or without Nannochloropsis sp. At the end of the experiment, larval survival rates in aquaria with Nannochloropsis sp. were significantly (P <0.05) higher than those without. In rearing water without Nannochloropsis sp., γ-proteobacteria increased during rearing. In rearing water with Nannochloropsis sp., α-prote obacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster were predominant at the beginning of the experiments and the relative abundance of γ-proteobacteria was maintained at a lower level throughout the experiments. The predominance of α-proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster appears to be a good indicator of successful larval production.  相似文献   

Preparation of heavy meromyosin from the autolyzed squid mantle muscle homogenate     

Takeya?Yoshioka  Yasunori?Kinoshita  Sanae?Kato  Young?-Je?Cho  Kunihiko?KonnoEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(1):213-219

ABSTRACT:   Incubation of squid mantle muscle homogenate caused a selective cleavage of myosin into heavy meromyosin (HMM) and light meromyosin (LMM). HMM was isolated from the incubated homogenate by using ammonium sulfate fractionation. The purified HMM retained two types of light chain components. Its Mg²⁺-ATPase activity with or without F-actin showed a Ca-sensitivity. HMM was cleaved into subfragment-1 and subfragment-2 upon chymotryptic digestion with or without Ca²⁺, possessing different light chain composition. Two types of light chain component were kept intact when digested in the presence of Ca²⁺. Ca²⁺ stabilized HMM especially in a bound form to F-actin.  相似文献   

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Spontaneously Occurring Uterine Deciduomas in Young Adult Rats     

Katsuhiko Yoshizawa  Yuko Emoto  Yuichi Kinoshita  Ayako Kimura  Norihisa Uehara  Takashi Yuri  Nobuaki Shikata  Airo Tsubura 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(1):61-66

Uterine deciduomas were found in two female virgin rats, a 15-week-old Lewis rat and a 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rat. The firm white nodules were located at the base of unilateral uterine horns and were approximately 6 mm and 4 mm in diameter. Histopathologically, the nodules were composed of three areas, each with a distinct type of proliferating cells: large epithelioid decidual cells with round nuclei, prominent nucleoli and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm (antimesometrial region); compact spindle-shaped cells with oval nuclei and vacuolar cytoplasm (transitional region); and pleomorphic and spiny cells with round to oval nuclei and compact eosinophilic cytoplasm (mesometrial region). These cells proliferated in sheet-like arrangements and transformed into the other types of cells located in surrounding regions. Immunohistochemically, proliferating cells in all regions were strongly positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The proliferating cells were positive for vimentin, and large decidual cells were positive for common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen 10, a marker of uterine interstitial cells. Large decidual cells were positive for α-smooth muscle actin and desmin, suggesting differentiation into muscular cells. Progesterone receptor was expressed in all cell types; however, estrogen receptor α was not expressed in the antimesometrial region. These extremely rare tumor-like nodules represent nonneoplastic lesions referred as decidual reactions of endometrial interstitial cells, and their biological behavior is that of a space-occupying benign tumor in young rats. Our cases might provide information as a historical control in toxicity and pharmacological studies in rats.  相似文献   

Aeration rate adjustment at night to prevent sinking syndrome‐related death in the tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Perciformes:Serranidae) larvae          下载免费PDF全文

Ching Fui Fui  Akira Miura  Yoshizumi Nakagawa  Keitaro Kato  Wataru Sakamoto  Kenji Takii  Shigeru Miyashita  Shigeharu Senoo 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(1):165-175

The effects of different aeration rates at night to prevent sinking syndrome‐related death (SSRD) of the tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus were examined. The aeration rates were fixed at 300 mL min^?1 at daytime (07:00–19:00 hours) and regulated to 0, 300 and 900 mL min^?1 at night (19:00–07:00 hours). Larval survival, growth, feeding intake, sinking velocity, distribution and behaviour, stress level, surface tension‐related death (STRD) and flow velocity distribution were assessed. The occurrence of SSRD in the tiger grouper was observed through the accelerated sinking velocity (Vl) (from 0.15 ± 0.09 cm s^?1 at 4 days AH to 0.41 ± 0.09 cm s^?1 at 12 days AH) coupled with larval passive swimming behaviour at night‐time. On the final day of experiment (15 days AH), larvae reared in 900 mL min^?1 at night had attained significantly higher (P < 0.05) survival (34.4 ± 5.5%), growth (5.8 ± 0.5 mm) and feeding intake (60.46 ± 6.98 ind. larva^?1). A favourable flow field for the tiger grouper was produced in 900 mL min^?1 at night‐time, in which larvae were transported 15–25 cm above the tank bottom and 1.0 cm beneath the water surface. Under these night‐time rearing conditions, larval stress level and number of STRD reared in 900 mL min^?1 compared with those observed in 300 mL min^?1 remained insignificant, indicating that strong turbulence of flow velocity was not detrimental for larvae. Our findings recommend aeration at 900 mL min^?1 at night as this could improve larval survival by reducing SSRD.  相似文献   

Myosin denaturation in heated myofibrils of scallop adductor muscle     

Aiko Satoh  Yasunori Kinoshita  Kunihiko Konno 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(1):149-155

The thermal inactivation of Ca²⁺ ATPase of scallop myofibrils (0.1 M KCl, pH 7.5) was found to be unaffected by the presence of Ca²⁺. Monomeric myosin content and salt solubility decreased much faster than Ca²⁺ ATPase inactivation in both Ca and EDTA media, which was well explained by faster denaturation of the rod portion than subfragment-1 of myosin. In contrast, when the myofibrils were heated at 0.5 M KCl, a slow decrease in salt solubility was observed, which was also explained by slow denaturation of the rod portion of myosin. Myofibrils from scallop smooth muscle showed the same denaturation pattern as those from adductor muscle. These results show that mollusk myosin is not always stabilized by Ca²⁺.  相似文献   

Differential expression of heat-shock proteins in F2 offspring from F1 hybrids produced between thermally selected and normal rainbow trout strains     

Nobuhiko Ojima  Miyuki Mekuchi  Toshinao Ineno  Koichi Tamaki  Akio Kera  Shigeharu Kinoshita  Shuichi Asakawa  Shugo Watabe 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(5):1051-1057

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss is a cold-water aquaculture species, and a thermally selected strain has been developed by multigenerational high-temperature breeding in Japan. We examined the expression of heat-shock proteins as candidates responsible for thermotolerance in rainbow trout using F2 offspring from F1 hybrids produced between thermally selected and normal strains. From F2 offspring, two groups were selected for western blot analysis, namely, low- and high-thermotolerance groups (times to loss of equilibrium were <30 and ??60?min, respectively). We demonstrated that the expression levels of Hsp70, Hsp60, and Hsp40 in tail fin tissues were significantly higher in the individuals with high thermotolerance than in those with low thermotolerance under non-heat-shock conditions. In particular, Hsp70 was expressed only in the individuals with high thermotolerance. These results suggest that Hsp70 is a major protein responsible for conferring thermotolerance in rainbow trout.  相似文献   

Flow field control via aeration adjustment for the enhancement of larval survival of the kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus (Perciformes:Serranidae)     

Ching Fui Fui  Akira Miura  Yoshizumi Nakagawa  Keitaro Kato  Shigeharu Senoo  Wataru Sakamoto  Kenji Takii  Shigeru Miyashita 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(5):874-881

Flow field control via aeration adjustment for the enhancement of larval survival of the kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus was examined. Aeration rate of 300 mL min^?1 was introduced during daylight (07:00–19:00 hours) and adjusted to 0, 300 and 900 mL min^?1 at night (19:00–07:00 hours). Larval sinking velocity±SD increased from 0.08 ± 0.05 to 0.26 ± 0.24 cm sec^?1 from 4 to 12 days after hatching (DAH), indicating their susceptibility to sink. Larvae reared in 300 mLmin^?1 attained the highest survival rate at 24.9 ± 3.4%, but remained significantly smaller in growth: 4.54 ± 0.56 mm compared with 4.82 ± 0.53 mm in 900 mL min^?1. The flow field in 300 and 900 mL min^?1 was at 10–20 and 15–25 cm above the bottom of the tank and 8.0 and 1.0 cm beneath the water surface. A favourable rearing condition was observed in 300 mL min^?1 as larvae were away from the bottom and surface areas, thus preventing them from dying due to sinking and surface tension‐related death (STRD). Although sinking death was decreased with an increasing aeration rate, the stronger flow had increased larval susceptibility to STRD. Our findings suggest that aeration at 300 mL min^?1 could enhance larval survival by reducing both sinking death and STRD.  相似文献   

Histopathological Changes in the Pancreas from a Spontaneous Hyperglycemic Cynomolgus Monkey     

Hideki Fujisawa  Zean Zhang  Wei Sun  Mingshu Huang  Junichi Kobayashi  Hitoshi Yasuda  Yuichi Kinoshita  Ryo Ando  Kazutoshi Tamura 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(3):215-219

Morphological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out on the pancreas of a hyperglycemic 5-year-old male cynomolgus monkey. Body weight gradually decreased from 6 months before termination, accompanying a slight reduction in food consumption and anorexia for the last 2 days. The blood glucose level was markedly elevated when examined at termination. Histopathologically, in the exocrine pancreas, diffuse hyperplasia of centroacinar and intercalated duct cells and diffuse atrophy of acinar cells with sporadic apoptosis were observed, although most centroacinar and intercalated duct cells were proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive in both the present case and age-matched control animals. In the endocrine pancreas, the islets tended to be hypertrophic, with an increase in insulin-positive cells in comparison with the age-matched control animals. PCNA-positive cells also tended to increase in the islets, although positive cells for phospho-histone H3, a marker for mitotic cells, were not detected in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Moreover, neither inflammation nor amyloidosis was noted in the islets. In conclusion, the present case probably suffered from early-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it provides fundamental information concerning pancreatic histopathology under insulin-related derangement in monkeys.  相似文献   

Spontaneously occurring intracranial lipomatous hamartoma in a young BALB/c mouse and a literature review     

T Sasaki  K Yoshizawa  Y Kinoshita  H Miki  A Kimura  T Yuri  N Uehara  A Tsubura 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(2):179-182

An intracranial lipomatous hamartoma was found in the third ventricle of a 7-week-old female BALB/cAnNCrlCrlj mouse. The nodule was composed of mature white adipose cells, which contained one large fat droplet, and there was no evidence of cytological atypia. The brain parenchyma at the retrosplenial granular cortex and the hippocampus in the cerebrum were slightly compressed, and the choroid plexus was dislocated downward. Scattered capillary vessels penetrated the nodule from the surrounding tissue. Based on these findings, the lesion was diagnosed as a lipomatous hamartoma that occurred from the roof of the third ventricle. This extremely rare tumor-like nodule represents an overgrowth of the mature adipocyte population as a malformation rather than a true neoplasm.  相似文献