Chronic hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers: clinical presentation and prognostic factors     

Shih JL  Keating JH  Freeman LM  Webster CR 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(1):33-39

BACKGROUND: An increased incidence of chronic hepatitis has been reported in Labrador Retrievers. HYPOTHESIS: A breed associated hepatopathy occurs in Labrador Retrievers. ANIMALS: Twenty-four client-owned Labrador Retrievers. METHODS: Medical records of dogs with histopathologic confirmation of chronic hepatitis were retrospectively reviewed. A clinical score based on clinical signs and the results of biochemical tests was generated for each dog. Hepatic biopsy specimens were scored for disease activity, fibrosis, and copper accumulation. RESULTS: The median age was 9.3 years (range, 3.9-14.0 years). Clinical signs included inappetence, vomiting, lethargy, and weight loss. All dogs had increases in serum activity of one or more hepatobiliary enzyme. Hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia were present in 45% and 21% of dogs, respectively. The median clinical score was 2.9, with a range of 0-8. The median histopathology activity and the fibrosis scores were 3.5 (range, 1-6) and 3.0 (range, 0-4), respectively. Rhodanine-positive copper staining was present in 15 of 17 biopsy specimens, with a median score of 2.0 (range, 0-3). Median survival was 374 days (range, 1-2645 days). A prolonged prothrombin time (P = .013) and thrombocytopenia (P = .041) were associated with survival < 2 months. The presence of anorexia (P = .049), hypoglobulinemia (P = .045), or prolonged partial thromboplastin time (P = .033) were associated with shorter overall survival times. The clinical score correlated with survival time (P = .030) and histopathologic staging (P = .049). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: A progressive hepatopathy in Labrador Retrievers in this study was marked by chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and copper accumulation. A clinical scoring system that correlates with survival time may be useful as a noninvasive method to predict prognosis.  相似文献   

Comparison of noninvasive cardiac output measured by use of partial carbon dioxide rebreathing or the lithium dilution method in anesthetized foals     

Valverde A  Giguère S  Morey TE  Sanchez LC  Shih A 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(2):141-147

OBJECTIVE: To compare cardiac output (CO) measured by use of the partial carbon dioxide rebreathing method (NICO) or lithium dilution method (LiDCO) in anesthetized foals. SAMPLE POPULATION: Data reported in 2 other studies for 18 neonatal foals that weighed 32 to 61 kg. PROCEDURES: Foals were anesthetized and instrumented to measure direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, end-tidal isoflurane and carbon dioxide concentrations, and CO. Various COs were achieved by administration of dobutamine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, phenylephrine, and isoflurane to allow comparisons between LiDCO and NICO methods. Measurements were obtained in duplicate or triplicate. We allowed 2 minutes between measurements for LiDCO and 3 minutes for NICO after achieving a stable hemodynamic plane for at least 10 to 15 minutes at each CO. RESULTS: 217 comparisons were made. Correlation (r = 0.77) was good between the 2 methods for all determinations. Mean +/- SD measurements of cardiac index for all comparisons with the LiDCO and NICO methods were 138 +/- 62 mL/kg/min (range, 40 to 381 mL/kg/min) and 154 +/- 55 mL/kg/min (range, 54 to 358 mL/kg/min), respectively. Mean difference (bias) between LiDCO and NICO measurements was -17.3 mL/kg/min with a precision (1.96 x SD) of 114 mL/kg/min (range, -131.3 to 96.7). Mean of the differences of LiDCO and NICO measurements was 4.37 + (0.87 x NICO value). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The NICO method is a viable, noninvasive method for determination of CO in neonatal foals with normal respiratory function. It compares well with the more invasive LiDCO method.  相似文献   

Tryptophan-accelerated electron flow through proteins     

Shih C  Museth AK  Abrahamsson M  Blanco-Rodriguez AM  Di Bilio AJ  Sudhamsu J  Crane BR  Ronayne KL  Towrie M  Vlcek A  Richards JH  Winkler JR  Gray HB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5884):1760-1762

Energy flow in biological structures often requires submillisecond charge transport over long molecular distances. Kinetics modeling suggests that charge-transfer rates can be greatly enhanced by multistep electron tunneling in which redox-active amino acid side chains act as intermediate donors or acceptors. We report transient optical and infrared spectroscopic experiments that quantify the extent to which an intervening tryptophan residue can facilitate electron transfer between distant metal redox centers in a mutant Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin. Cu(I) oxidation by a photoexcited Re(I)-diimine at position 124 on a histidine(124)-glycine(123)-tryptophan(122)-methionine(121) beta strand occurs in a few nanoseconds, fully two orders of magnitude faster than documented for single-step electron tunneling at a 19 angstrom donor-acceptor distance.  相似文献   

Hematuria following administration of ethanol     

J M Orten  K C Shrivastava  M Shih 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,157(784):72-73

Hematuria, with some erythrocytes also appearing in the urine, was observed in male albino rats given 20 percent and 40 percent ethanol in lieu of drinking water for several weeks. However, the amounts of hemoglobin in the blood of the treated group did not change relative to those of the control group; this finding indicates that the degree of hematuria was not sufficient to produce an anemia.  相似文献   

Purification and characterization of two antifungal chitinases extracellularly produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens V656 in a shrimp and crab shell powder medium   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Wang SL  Shih IL  Liang TW  Wang CH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(8):2241-2248

A Gram-positive bacterium with antagonistic activity was isolated from the soil. It has been identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain V656 on the basis of 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and standard bacteriological tests. B. amyloliquefaciens V656 produced antifungal enzymes when it was grown in a medium containing shrimp and crab shell powder (SCSP) of marine waste. The antifungal enzymes displayed chitinase activities. Two extracellular antifungal chitinases (FI and FII) were purified and characterized, and their molecular weights, isoelectric points, pH and thermal stabilities, and antifungal activities were determined. The characteristics of V656 chitinases are similar to those of the known bacterial chitinases in terms of their isoelectric points, thermal instabilities, and lack of lysozyme activity. In contrast to other known bacterial chitinases, the unique characteristics of V656 chitinases include extremely low molecular weights and nearly neutral optimum pH. Furthermore, this is the first report of the isolation of chitinases from B. amyloliquefaciens that are active against fungi.  相似文献   

Modeling driving forces of avian diversity in a spatial configuration surrounded by farm ponds     

Wei-Ta Fang  Bai-You Cheng  Shang-Shu Shih  Jui-Yu Chou  Marinus L. Otte 《Paddy and Water Environment》2016,14(1):185-197

Farm ponds provide a home for birds and numerous species of aquatic animals in Taoyuan, Taiwan. Urbanization and development of infrastructure resulted in the gradual disappearance of these ponds. Currently, only 3800 ponds originally approximately 15.4 % remain, and 84.6 % of the surface area of the ponds has vanished. Aiming to protect avian diversity, this study used logistic regression analysis and the geostatistical approach to analyze the relationship between avian diversity and landscape structure, in an effort to elucidate the spatial driving force of avian diversity. We detected that regression-kriging (RK) was even more accurate than logistic regression (LR). In addition, the value of diversity (H′) measures may decrease instead of increase when evenness (J′) is increased. The results of this study also indicated that an exceedingly strong relationship existed among avian diversity and landscape scale, agricultural landscape indices, and pond landscape indices. The models predict that preservation of large areas of waterscapes and paddy landscapes result in greater diversity of avian species. Spatial estimation of the research area indicated that human activity substantially affected avian ecology, leading to reductions in avian diversity. Thus, the reduction of the area of ecological corridors due to urban development is expected to further reduce avian diversity in the Taoyuan region. Our approach can be used to effectively analyze the correlations between characteristics of ecosystems and the environmental landscape, to ensure that pondscapes can be appropriately maintained and ecological reserves designated to prevent further decline in avian diversity.  相似文献   

A method for estimating the loss in tuber yield caused by late blight of potato     

W. C. James  C. S. Shih  L. C. Callbeck  W. A. Hodgson 《American Journal of Potato Research》1971,48(12):457-463

A method was developed for estimating tuber yield losses caused by late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans) (Mont.) de Bary. The method is based on yield and disease data collected for the varieties Green Mountain and Katahdin grown in eastern Canada during the period 1953–1970. The percentage yield loss can be calculated for any disease progress curve. The estimated loss was within 5% of the actual loss in nine cases out of ten.  相似文献   

Systemic lidocaine infusion as an analgesic for intraocular surgery in dogs: a pilot study     

Smith LJ  Bentley E  Shih A  Miller PE 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2004,31(1):53-63

Objective To determine if systemic administration of lidocaine during intraocular surgery reduces post-operative ocular pain. Study design Randomized, masked, controlled experimental trial. Animals Twelve dogs weighing 15.5 ± 1.7 kg (mean ± SD) and aged 2.5 ± 0.6 years. Methods All dogs underwent a baseline ophthalmic examination and subjective pain score. Anesthesia consisted of acepromazine (0.1 mg kg⁻¹, IM), propofol (4–6 mg kg⁻¹, IV), and isoflurane in oxygen. There were three groups each receiving a bolus followed by an infusion (n = 4): saline (0.3 mL kg⁻¹ IV + 0.2 mL kg⁻¹hour⁻¹ IV); morphine (0.15 mg kg⁻¹ IV + 0.1 mg kg⁻¹hour⁻¹ IV); and lidocaine (1.0 mg kg⁻¹ IV + 0.025 mg kg⁻¹minute⁻¹ IV). All treatments began 15 minutes prior to starting of phacoemulsification and lens removal from the right eye. Pain scores were recorded at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 16, and 24 hours after t = 0 (extubation). Rescue morphine was administered (1.0 mg kg⁻¹ IM) if the subjective pain score ≥9 (maximum = 24), and the dog was excluded from further data analysis. Differences in pain scores and time-to-treatment failure (TTF) were analyzed using the Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Differences in incidence of treatment failure were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Physiologic data were analyzed using repeated measures anova . Significance was defined as P < 0.05. Results Incidence of treatment failure was 100% in saline-treated dogs and 50% in morphine- or lidocaine-treated dogs. There was no difference in intraocular pressure, aqueous flare, cell count (or protein) between groups in the operated eye at any time following extubation. Conclusion and clinical relevance This pilot study suggests that intraoperative lidocaine may provide analgesic benefits similar to morphine for intraocular surgery in dogs, but more definitive research is needed. This model appears to be appropriate for pain assessment studies as the negative control group demonstrated 100% failure rate.  相似文献   

How to perform combined cutting balloon and high pressure balloon valvuloplasty for dogs with subaortic stenosis     

Mandi E. Kleman  Amara H. Estrada  Herbert W. Maisenbacher  Robert Prošek  Brandon Pogue  Andre Shih  Joseph A. Paolillo 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2012,14(2):351-361

Subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) is one of the most common congenital cardiac malformations in dogs. Unfortunately, the long term success rate and survival data following either open heart surgery or catheter based intervention has been disappointing in dogs with severe subaortic stenosis. Medical therapy is currently the only standard recommended treatment option. A cutting balloon dilation catheter has been used successfully for resistant coronary artery and peripheral pulmonary arterial stenoses in humans. This catheter is unique in that it has the ability to cut, or score, the stenotic region prior to balloon dilatation of the stenosis. The use of cutting balloon valvuloplasty combined with high pressure valvuloplasty for dogs with severe subaortic stenosis has recently been reported to be a safe and feasible alternative therapeutic option. The following report describes this technique, outlines the materials required, and provides some ‘tips’ for successful percutaneous subaortic balloon valvuloplasty.  相似文献   

A new fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) bait base carrier for moist conditions     

Lekhnath Kafle  Wen‐Jer Wu  Cheng‐Jen Shih 《Pest management science》2010,66(10):1082-1088

BACKGROUND: A new water‐resistant fire ant bait (T‐bait; cypermethrin 0.128%) consisting of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) as a carrier was developed and evaluated against a standard commercial bait (Advion^®; indoxacarb 0.045%) under both laboratory and field conditions. RESULTS: When applying the normal T‐bait or Advion^® in the laboratory, 100% of Solenopsis invicta Buren worker ants were killed within 4 days. However, when the T‐bait and Advion^® were wetted, 70.6 and 39.7% of the ants were killed respectively. Under field conditions, dry T‐bait and dry Advion^® had almost the same efficacy against ant colonies. However, when T‐bait and Advion^® came in contact with water, the former's ability to kill S. invicta colonies in the field was only marginally reduced, while Advion^® lost virtually all of its activity. In addition, DDGS was also shown to be compatible with a number of other insecticides, such as d‐allethrin, permethrin and pyrethrin. CONCLUSION: Based on its properties of remaining attractive to the fire ants when wetted, combined with its ant‐killing abilities both in the laboratory and in the field, T‐bait is an efficient fire ant bait, especially under moist conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献