Optimum plant stand and nutrient doses for summer groundnut under check basin irrigation and drip fertigation in light black soils of peninsular Western India     

Ram A. Jat  Kiran K. Reddy  Rahul Solanki  Raja Ram Choudhary  Susheel Kumar Sarkar 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(8):1154-1174

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh for consecutive three summer seasons of 2013, 2014, and 2015 with the objectives of identifying optimum plant density and nutrient doses under check basin irrigation and drip fertigation for higher productivity and net returns. The treatments were; three plant densities viz., 3,33,333 plants/ha (100% of recommended plant density; P1); 4,16,666 plants/ha (125% of recommended plant density; P2), and 4,99,999 plants/ha (150% of recommended plant density;P3) in main plots, and three nutrient doses viz., 18.75–37.5–22.5 NPK kg ha^?1 (75% of recommended nutrient dose; F1), 25-50-30 NPK kg ha^?1 (100% of recommended nutrient dose; F2), and 31.25–62.5–37.5 NPK kg ha^?1 (125% of recommended nutrient dose; F3) in sub-plots, and replicated thrice. The same sets of treatments were tested under both check basin irrigation and drip fertigation. The data were analyzed using split plot design. Pod yield, haulm yield, and net returns were significantly higher with P3 as compared to P1 under check basin irrigation but only haulm yield was found significantly higher with P3 under drip fertigation. Under check basin irrigation, NH₄–N, NO₃–N, and available P and K in soil were found in the order P1?>?P2?>?P3 (p?<?0.05) while in case of drip fertigation, differences were significant only for available K which was significantly higher in P1 over both P2 and P3. Under check basin irrigation, F2 i.e., application of 100 percent of recommended nutrient doses, being at par with F3, significantly improved pod yield, haulm yield and net returns over that with F1 however, differences were not significant under drip fertigation. NH₄–N, NO₃–N and available P and K in soil under both the irrigation systems were in the order F3?>?F2?>?F1 (p?<?0.05).  相似文献   

Investigation of Alkaline Nature of Rain Water in India     

Umesh C. Kulshrestha  Monika J. Kulshrestha  R. Sekar  M. Vairamani  Ajit K. Sarkar  Danesh C. Parashar 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1685-1690

Increased industrialization and urbanization lead to the atmospheric acidity which causes acid rain. However, in India, the nature of rain water has been observed to be alkaline. The reason for alkaline nature of rain water is found to be the buffering of acidity by soil-derived aerosols which are rich in Ca. Over the Indian Ocean where concentrations of soil dust are negligible, the acid rain has been observed to be a common phenomenon during INDOEX campaigns. In the Indian subcontinent, observations have indicated that rain becomes acidic when the buffering potential of rain water is weak. The weak buffering potential may be due to less interference of soil dust, acidic nature of soil or very high influence of industrial source.  相似文献   

Some properties of soluble proteins from alfalfa (Medicago sativa) herbage and their possible relationship to ruminant bloat.     

R E Howarth  S K Sarkar  A C Fesser  G W Schnarr 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1976,25(1):175-179

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Application of analytic hierarchy process for the selection of cotton fibers     

Abhijit?MajumdarEmail author  Bijan?Sarkar  Prabal?Kumar?Majumdar 《Fibers and Polymers》2004,5(4):297-302

In many engineering applications, the final decision is based on the evaluation of a number of alternatives in terms of a number of criteria. This problem may become very intricate when the selection criteria are expressed in terms of different units or the pertinent data are difficult to be quantified. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an effective way in dealing with such kind of complicated problems. Cotton fiber is selected or graded, in the spinning industries, based on several quality criteria. However, the existing selection or grading method based on Fiber quality Index (FqI) is rather crude and ambiguous. This paper presents a novel approach of cotton fiber selection using the AHP methodology of Multi Criteria Decision Making.  相似文献   

Chromatographie et purification des diphenol oxydases du sol     

J. Mayaudon  J.M. Sarkar 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1974,6(5):275-285

Neutral sterile and lyophilized extracts of fresh soil (NAFS Extract) degraded the following substrates: p-cresol: dl-3(3.4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)(dl DOPA): d(+) catechin and p-phenylcnediamine respectively (19.7); (5.3); (5.7) and (4.4) nmoles O₂ mg C^?1 min^?1 as specific activity (sp. act.). NAFS Extract was fractionated by G100 Sephadex column chromatography into two major peaks (K_D ~ 0 and ~ 1) without an increase in sp. act. DEAE DE 52 cellulose chromatography separated NAFS Extract into three fractions. The first fraction was free from humic acid, relatively homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had sp. act.: dl DOPA (17.2): d(+) catechin (8.5): p-phenylenediamine (22.9). The o- and p-diphenol oxidases which accompanied this fraction were well separated as complexes on G100 Sephadex column and were liberated by dialysis against distilled water. Following isolation, we obtained an o-diphenol oxidase on dl DOPA (23.4) and a laccase activity on p-phenylenediamine (33.8) in the free state; these activities being associated with nucleoprotein. Fractions (II) and (III) appeared to be relatively homogeneous in the form of “humic acid—enzyme complexes”. Specific activity were high in fraction (III): dl DOPA (10.8): d(+) catechin (0.7); p-phenylenediamine (5.4). The diphenol oxidase activity extracted from soil (NAFS Extract) was treated by salmine and SP Sephadex C25 to remove humic matter. The EFS Extract obtained had the following sp. act.: dl DOPA (14.0); p-phenylenediamine (6.3). This EFS Extract was separated into three fractions by means of G100 Sephadex column chromatography. The Kn were (I) ~0; (II) ~ 0.52; (III) ~ 1.3 respectively. The first fraction showed an increase of sp. act. only with p-phenylenediamine (9.1) and in the following two fractions the sp. act. were not augmented. The first fraction was further fractionated by means of DEAE cellulose chromatography into four fractions: the-first and the second had no activity on dl DOPA and p-phenylenediamine. The third was an o-diphenol oxidase on dl DOPA (11.0) with traces of laccase: p-phenylenediamine (0.7). The fourth was pure laccase: p-phenylenediamine (18.1). These results suggested that electrostatic, covalent and van der Waals forces contributed to the formation of humic acid enzymes complexes, associated in the tetramer to monomer forms of diphenol oxidases.  相似文献   

Heterosis for leaf photosynthesis,grain yield and yield components in maize     

Harsh Mehta  Kumud Ranjan Sarkar 《Euphytica》1992,61(2):161-168

Summary One of the primary avenues of improving the biological efficiency of crop plants is through the improvement of the leaf and canopy photosynthetic rates. However, the question whether the superiority of hybrids in respect of productivity potential could be traced, in retrospective fashion, to the photosynthetic parameters should be answered first. Once established and standardized, such indices could be streamlined in innovative breeding to predict the heterotic combinations for final yield formation. To answer this question, the photosynthetic rate and other components of photosynthetic efficiency were monitored among eight inbred stocks of maize (selected for variable photosynthetic rate from a previous study) and their all possible one-way crosses. The results demonstrated extensive heterosis in respect of photosynthetic rate and other photosynthetic indices which, in turn, was also realized in terms of higher biomass productivity and yield. Nonetheless, high leaf photosynthesis alone did not result in higher grain yield. On the contrary, component interaction among the photosynthetic indices like photosynthetic rate, leaf area/plant, number of leaves and chlorophyll content on one hand and the complementary gene action on the other, could be held responsible for higher yields in hybrids. Since the components of photosynthetic efficiency can predict heterosis for biomass and grain yield upto a reasonable extent, judicious incorporation of such indices in selection parameters for applied genetic protocols can add yet another dimension to the strategies for future yield improvements.  相似文献   

Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive series experiment: Advantages and weed smothering     

P. Banik  A. Midya  B.K. Sarkar  S.S. Ghose 《European Journal of Agronomy》2006,24(4):325-332

For increasing land use efficiency and weed suppression intercropping plays a pivotal role. A field experiment was carried out on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori and Paol)–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) mono- and intercropping with various weeding (0, 1, or 2 hand-weeding operations) and row spacing (20- or 30-cm) treatments in the eastern plateau region of India over consecutive five winter seasons (1997/2001). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with eighteen treatments replicated thrice. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were observed in yield and economics with and without weeding treatments. Chickpea yield was significantly reduced by wheat when intercropped. However, total productivity and land use efficiency were higher under the intercropping system as compared to monocrops of either species. There was a significant reduction in weed density and biomass for the intercropping system over both monocrops. Wheat facilitated an increase in nodule number and dry weight in chickpea under intercropping over monocrops, moreover, root length of chickpea was greater when intercropped. These findings suggest that intercropping wheat and chickpea increase total productivity per unit area, improve land use efficiency and suppress weeds, a menacing pest in crop production. Considering the experimental findings, wheat–chickpea (30 cm) with two weedings may be recommended for yield advantage, higher net income, more efficient utilization of resources, and weed suppression as a biological control in eastern plateau region of India.  相似文献   

Nachweis des Nelkenadernscheckungsvirus (CVMV) mit verschiedenen ELISA-Systemen     

S. Messerschmid  Prof. Dr. S. Sarkar 《Journal of pest science》1995,68(8):175-178

Zusammenfassung Für die Diagnose des Nelkenadernscheckungsvirus (CVMV) wurden der direkte Double-Antibody-Sandwich-ELISA (DAS) und der indirekte Protein A-Sandwich-ELISA (PAS) verglichen. Dabei konnte beim PAS-ELISA das Virus noch in einer 1:10.000- bzw. einer 1:50.000-Verdünnung eines CVMV-haltigen Bartnelkenpreßsaftes nachgewiesen werden, während beim DAS-ELISA Preßsaftverdünnungen mit CVMV nur bis 1:100 statistisch signifikant von der Nullkontrolle abzugrenzen waren. Unabhängig von der Wahl des mit Protein A gekoppelten Markerenzyms (alkalische Phosphatase, Peroxidase, Penicillinase, Galactosidase) zeigte der PAS eine gleich hohe Sensitivität. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß der DAS viel spezifischer war als der PAS-ELISA.

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Identification of carnation vein mottle virus (CVMV) with different ELISA-systems

The direct double antibody sandwich-ELISA (DAS) and the indirect protein A sandwich-ELISA (PAS-ELISA) were compared for the detection of carnation vein mottle virus (CVMV). The PAS-ELISA turned out to be much more sensitive than the direct system. The virus could be detected significantly in a 1:10.000- or 1:50.000-dilution of plant sap of CVMV-infected pinks (Diantbus barbatus), whereas with DAS the virus could be measured significantly only in a 1:100-dilution. Using four different enzymes as markers (alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase, penicillinase, -D-galactosidase) linked with protein A as conjugate in PAS, there was no difference concerning the detection limit. However, DAS was found to be much more specific than PAS-ELISA.

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3 Abbildungen und einer Tabelle  相似文献   

Growth and evapotranspiration pattern of rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under varying irrigation schedules and phosphate levels in a hot sub-humid climate     

M. Kundu  S. Sarkar 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(8):1268-1274

Soil water and phosphorus availabilities play crucial role in yield and water use pattern of pulse crops. A field experiment with rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a test crop was carried out during the winter seasons of 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 on a sandy loam soil (Aeric Haplaquept) in eastern India. In the main plots, irrigation was applied when the cumulative pan evaporation reached: (i) 33 mm (CPE₃₃), (ii) 44 mm (CPE₄₄) and (iii) 66 mm (CPE₆₆). In sub-plots, four levels of phosphate fertilizer were applied at: (i) 0 (P₀); (ii) 30 (P₃₀); 60 (P₆₀) and 90 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ (P₉₀). Irrespective of crop growth stage, the highest leaf area index (LAI), biomass, grain yield and water use efficiency were obtained under the combination of CPE₃₃-P₉₀. Magnitude of these parameters, in general, decreased with the decrease in irrigation frequency and phosphate levels. With the advancement of crop growing period, cumulative actual evapotranspiration (CAET) increased linearly. Best matching between CAET and cumulative pan evaporation data was recorded under CPE₃₃-P₉₀ treatments. A linear relationship with high coefficient of determination was obtained between total biomass and CAET. Present study showed that crop response factor (k_y) of the crop was 1.91.  相似文献   

Laccases de Polyporus versicolor dans le sol et la litiere     

J. Mayaudon  J.M. Sarkar 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1975,7(1):31-34

Laecases of Polyporus versicolor in soil and litter. The laccases forms A and B, prepared from Polyporus versicolor, were compared with the laccases liberated from soil and litter by means ofchromatography on G100 Sephadex and DEAE DE 52 Cellulose. It appears that the soil and litter enzymes were of the form A that is strongly electronegative. These results suggest that because of their negative charges, laccases A, were weakly adsorbed onto humic colloids. Consequently, protection might be given to the active sites of the enzymes without preventing the formation of “humo-laccases” complexes in soil and litter.  相似文献