Campylobacter infection in domestic dogs     

G B Nair  R K Sarkar  S Chowdhury  S C Pal 《The Veterinary record》1985,116(9):237-238

Campylobacter jejuni, a recently recognised human enteric pathogen, was recovered from the faeces of 21.7 per cent of domestic dogs with diarrhoea as compared with only 3.1 per cent of normal healthy dogs. The recovery rate from non-diarrhoeic, but unhealthy, domestic dogs was 6.7 per cent. The differences in the incidence of C jejuni between breeds was not statistically significant. The majority of isolations were from puppies between birth and six months old. The incidence of C jejuni in domestic dogs did not appear to be sex specific. Domestic canine infections with C jejuni could possibly be an important source of human infection, especially to those in close contact.  相似文献   

Effect of age and season on semen quality parameters in Sahiwal bulls   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Bhakat M  Mohanty TK  Raina VS  Gupta AK  Khan HM  Mahapatra RK  Sarkar M 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1161-1168

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of season, period, age, bull, and ejaculate on semen quality in Sahiwal bulls. Semen production records from 1996 to 2006 of 5,483 ejaculates from 46 Sahiwal bulls maintained at Artificial Breeding Complex, NDRI, Karnal, India were analyzed using least square analysis of variance by LSML software package. The overall least squares means of ejaculate volume (VOL), total volume per day (VOLD), mass activity (MA), initial motility (IM), sperm concentration per ml (SPC), and sperm concentration per ejaculate (SPCE) were 3.79 ± 0.02 ml, 5.81 ± 0.06 ml, 2.32 ± 0.01, 55.47 ± 0.001%, 766.69 ± 5.50 × 10⁶/ml and 3023.25 ± 30.15 × 10⁶, respectively. All semen traits (VOL, VOLD, MA, IM and SPCE) were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by age groups, season and period, whereas season had significant effect on VOL at 5% level. During hot-humid season, highest value of VOL, VOLD, MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE were observed followed by summer and cold season. Highest value of VOL, VOLD, IM, and SPCE were observed during period-3 (2004–2006), whereas highest value of MA and SPC were observed during period-1 (1996–1999). However, lowest magnitude of MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE during period-2 (2000–2003) was observed. Ejaculate characteristics like VOL, VOLD, and SPCE increased with the increasing age of bull up to 5 years and then decreased. Significant (P < 0.01) bull to bull variation was found in VOL, VOLD, MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE traits. First ejaculate had significantly (P < 0.01) higher MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE. Hence, it could be concluded that during rainy season and period-1 and period-3 the quality of semen is quantitatively and qualitatively good. Better quality semen was obtained up to 5 years of age in Sahiwal bulls.  相似文献   

The expression of thrombopoietin and its receptor during different physiological stages in the bovine ovary     

Sarkar M  Schilffarth S  Schams D  Meyer H  Berisha B 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(5):757-762

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is known to be involved in megakaryocytopoiesis, but its role in the control of ovarian function is unknown in cattle. The aims of this study were to demonstrate the expression of TPO and its receptor (c-MPL) in detail in bovine corpus luteum (CL) obtained from different stages of the oestrous cycle and during pregnancy--and to demonstrate that TPO/c-MPL system is expressed clearly in bovine follicles. Real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and ELISA were applied to investigate mRNA expression of examined factors and TPO protein, respectively. In this investigation, increases in the concentrations of TPO protein and the mRNA expression of TPO and c-MPL were noticed during both early luteal stage and late luteal stage of the oestrous cycle. Furthermore, the expression of TPO/c-MPL system does not show any significant regulation in the CL throughout pregnancy. Highest co-expression of TPO/c-MPL system in both theca interna (TI) and granulosa cells (GC) in small follicles (<10 mm in diameter) was observed in this study that may suggest the possible role of TPO/c-MPL system in proliferation of TI and GC cells. To conclude, the results demonstrate the possible involvement of locally produced TPO/c-MPL system as a 'physiological filter' in bovine ovary where they may promote cell selection by inducing proliferation of viable cells and scavenging non-viable cells and thereby may play an important role in modulation of ovarian function.  相似文献   

The cost of postponing biodiversity conservation in Mexico     

Trevon Fuller  Patricia Illoldi-Rangel  Sahotra Sarkar 《Biological conservation》2007,134(4):593-600

Though Neotropical countries are the most species rich in the world, their biodiversity is threatened by the loss of native vegetation. Land conversion in Mexico during the last 30 years has been extensive and is representative of that of other developing countries. However, the effects of land use change on the required size and configuration of an adequate biological conservation area network are largely unknown. It is shown here that endemic mammals in Mexico could have been protected considerably more economically if a conservation plan had been implemented in 1970 than is possible today due to extensive conversion of primary habitats. Analysis of the distributions of 86 endemic mammal species in 1970, 1976, 1993, and 2000 indicates that the distributions of 90% of the species shrank during this 30-year period. At each time step, optimal conservation area networks were selected to represent all species. 90% more land must be protected after 2000 to protect adequate mammal habitat than would have been required in 1970. In addition, under a realistic conservation budget, 79% fewer species can be represented adequately in a conservation area network after 2000 compared to 1970. This provides an incentive for rapid conservation action in Mexico and other biodiversity hotspots with comparable deforestation rates, including Burma, Ecuador, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka. Due to ongoing habitat degradation, the efficiency of a conservation plan decreases with delays in its implementation.  相似文献   

Spatial variability and concentration of arsenic in the groundwater of a region in Nadia district,West Bengal,India     

D Sarkar  D Dutta 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4-5):521-527

Arsenic pollution in ground water in India and Bangladesh is considered to be the largest contamination problem in the world. About 15?–?18% of the area of West Bengal, India comes under the threat of arsenic (As) contamination and around 5.36 million people are exposed to this hazard. A detailed isoline map corresponding to variations in arsenic concentration and their spatial distribution was prepared for the study area, which comprised two villages Ghentugachi and Gotera in Nadia district, West Bengal and the total area covered was 808 hectares. The pattern of arsenic contamination was highly irregular and diverse. About 11.2% of the study area was affected most (?>?0.50?mg As l^?1) with sample As values reaching 0.71 and 0.80?mg?l^?1. About 22.5% of the area had As content between 0.20 and 0.50?mg?l^?1 and 33.9% of study area had As content below the WHO guideline of 0.01?mg As/l. Thus the local population living around these areas is vulnerable and exposed to arsenic contamination. None of the water samples exceeded the allowable limit (1.0?mg As l^?1) of As for water used in irrigation purposes. The spatial distribution map helped to determine zones with different As concentrations, making it possible to identify high-risk zones.  相似文献   

Impact of profile water status on nitrogen use pattern of dry land barley under varying nitrogen levels     

S. Sarkar  S. K. Singh  A. P. Singh  S. R. Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):417-428

A field trial was carried out during 1993–94 and 1994–95 winter seasons on Udic Ustochrept to evaluate the performance of dryland barley under varying profile moisture status and nitrogen levels. Three levels of initial moisture status of the root zone profile were: wet (100% field capacity), moderately wet (50% field capacity) and dry (rainfed) as the main treatment. The sub treatments were 0, 40, 60 and 80 kg N ha^?1. During 15 to 60 days after sowing (DAS) availability of soil nitrogen and its uptake by the crop attained the highest values under wet regime. However, at 105 and 130 DAS dry moisture regime resulted in maximum values of both available soil nitrogen and plant nitrogen contents. In the same tune biomass production attained the higher values under wet regime as compared to the dry regime during 15 to 60 DAS and the trend was reverse at 105 DAS. Grain yield attained the highest value under dry regime followed by wet and moderately wet regimes. Irrespective of the profile moisture status both productivity and nitrogen use efficiency enhanced with the increase in nitrogen doses from 0 to 80 kg ha^?1. Role of nitrogen was more pronounced under wet regime.  相似文献   

采用响应曲面法优化脚踏分级机山杏核现场分级操作(摘选)     

A E Kate  U C Lohani  N C Shahi  A Sarkar  J P Pandey 《农业工程》2014,(4)

分级是山杏核采后加工利用的最初操作步骤。利用响应面分析对踏板式山杏核分级机机械参数和分级操作(以尺寸为标准)进行优化设计。采用3因素(踏板速度、进料速度和含水率)3水平(速度60、70和80 r/min,进料速度275、300和375 kg/h,含水率10.5%、12.5%和14.5%)研究分级效率(%)和分级能力(kg/h)。为得到自变量最优解,对试验数据进行分析。开发了全二阶模型用于预测反应(分级效率和分级能力),并且研究了各个参数及其相互作用。试验结果表明,分级效率和分级能力分别为75.9%~82.4%和270~325 kg/h。在踏板速度75 r/min,进料速度325 kg/h和核含水率14.5%时,分级机可以达到最大分级效率和分级能力。  相似文献   

Efficacy of different types of live and non-conventional diets in endangered clown knife fish Chitala chitala (Hamilton-Buchanan) during its early life stages     

Uttam Kumar Sarkar  Prashant Kumar Deepak  Raje Singh Negi  T Ahmad Qureshi  & Wazir Singh Lakra 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(13):1404-1410

In the present study, the growth and survival of early life stages (ELS) of Chitala chitala were studied in nylon hapa for 28 days, followed by rearing in fibreglass reinforcement plastic (FRP) tanks for a period of 30 days. Ten‐day‐old ELS of C. chitala reared in hapa were fed with three different diets namely Indian Major Carp (IMC) spawn (<8 mm), live tubifex and fresh fish eggs. In the second phase, 28‐day‐old ELS were stocked in 200‐lit FRP tank and supplied four different live diets namely live tubifex worm, chironomous larvae, zooplanktons and mosquito larvae. Fish accepted all types of diets in the experimental rearing period in both the systems. The experiments conducted in hapa showed a higher specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain per cent and survival rate in larvae fed with live tubifex (SGR=1.76±0.02) than fish eggs (0.77±0.31) and IMC spawn (0.46±0.12). The study carried out in FRP tanks revealed that SGR was higher in ELS fed on chironomous larvae (4.44±0.61), followed by mosquito larvae (3.29±0.40) and live tubifex (3.28±0.36), whereas minimum SGR was recorded with zooplanktons (2.84±0.66). A significant difference (P<0.05) in SGR, final mean weight and weight gain (%) was also recorded. The highest mean survival rate (100%) of ELS in an FRP tank was observed in chironomous larvae and zooplanktons, whereas with live tubifex and mosquito larvae the same survival rate (80%) was recorded. The rate of survival of the ELS reared in hapa varied from 65% to 85%. The experiments showed that ELS of C. chitala could be reared successfully in hapas and fibreglass reinforcement tanks for attaining better survivability and growth.  相似文献   

NTFPs and Their Commercialization Issues from the Perspective of Rural Livelihood and the State of Forest Resources: A Study of the Ranibundh Forest Range in West Bengal,India     

Soumyendra Kishor Datta  Krishanu Sarkar 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(7):640-660

Forests provide a source of livelihood to all classes of rural people, especially in tribal dominated areas. With the advent of joint forest management concepts and commercial earning prospects from non-timber forest products (NTFPs), it was expected that forests would be best preserved by the villagers who depend on them for a substantial part of their livelihoods. However, in the case of the Ranibundh block in the Bankura district, it was observed that the predominance of private agencies in marketing channels of NTFPs, together with risk of eviction, loss of customary right to access forest resources, low employment prospects, and lack of training about proper management of NTFPs have led to the failure in motivating the forest dwellers to prevent degradation of forest resources. It is suggested that government agencies, producer institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other strong institutional entities can promote forest preservation when complemented by the granting of forest rights to rural people, the extension of training facilities, and alternative employment prospects.  相似文献   

Endometritis impairs luteal development, function, and nitric oxide and ascorbic acid concentrations in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)     

Megha Pande  Goutam Kumar Das  Firdous Ahmad Khan  Mihir Sarkar  Mohan Chandra Pathak  Jai Kishan Prasad  Harendra Kumar 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(3):805-810

A vast majority of the world buffalo resource is concentrated in tropical and subtropical countries. Apart from heat stress and poor nutritional availability, endometritis is one of the most commonly encountered reproductive problems limiting fertility and consequently productive potential of the species. As demonstrated recently, endometritis impairs growth and follicular fluid composition of the largest follicle in buffalo. In the present study, the effect of endometritis on luteal development, function, nitric oxide (NO), and ascorbic acid was investigated. Reproductive tracts were collected from 90 cyclic buffaloes at an abattoir and grouped into endometritic (n?=?36) or non-endometritic (n?=?54) buffaloes based on physical examination of uterine mucus, white side test, and uterine cytology. Samples with pus-containing mucus, positive reaction on white side test, and/or >5 % neutrophils were considered to be positive for endometritis. Corpora lutea were enucleated, weighed, classified into stages I to IV, and assayed for progesterone (P₄), NO, and ascorbic acid concentrations. Endometritic buffaloes had lesser (P?<?0.0001) luteal weight and P₄, NO, and ascorbic acid concentrations than non-endometritic buffaloes. The findings indicated that endometritis impairs corpus luteum development and function in buffalo. Reduced luteal NO and ascorbic acid concentrations during endometritis are novel findings.  相似文献