The objective of the present study was to model in 3D the detailed morphometric features of the thoracic and pelvic limb bones of the gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa), whose natural habitat is only in the Sanliurfa province, by using multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) images. Materials from 14 (7 male and 7 female) dead gazelles were collected from the Harran University Veterinary Medicine Faculty clinics during or after treatment. MDCT images of the gazelles were taken and saved as DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) files. MIMICS 20.1 software was used to generate a 3D reconstruction of the data, and morphological and morphometrical evaluation was performed. In respect of morphological features, the combined metacarpus (Mc) III and metacarpus Mc IV were the main weight-bearing metacarpal bone, while Mc II and Mc V were rudimentary. On the femur, the lateral condyle was bigger than the medial condyle at the caudodistal end and the medial wing of the trochlea femoris was larger than the lateral. As with the thoracic limb, the combined metatarsus (Mt) III and metatarsus Mt IV were the main weight-bearing metacarpal bone and they displayed a synostosis structure. There was no secondary metatarsus in the gazelles’ pelvic limb. Based on digital measurements, the tibia was the longest bone of the gazelles’ skeletal system, and there was a statistically significant sexual dimorphism throughout the skeleton at the levels of p < .05, p < .01 and p < .001. As a result, the present study's findings are useful as reference data for further studies on anatomy, surgery and archaezoology, while also being useful for classifying species and for forensic sciences. 相似文献
In the daytime, the CO2 concentration in the air close to the water surface of a ponded paddy field was lowest and it increased with the distance above the water surface, while an inverse relation was observed in the nighttime. On the other hand, the pH of the ponded water changed significantly throughout a day and was expected to affect atmospheric CO2 in the vicinity of the water surface, because the solubility of CO2 in water depends on the pH. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the changes in the pH of the ponded water and the response of the CO2 concentration in the air above the water. The pH of the ponded water of the paddy field increased in the daytime and decreased in the nighttime, so that the water was alkaline in the daytime and weakly acidic in the nighttime. We found that the daily changes in the atmospheric CO2 concentration gradient almost corresponded to the daily changes in pH. The increase of the pH of the ponded water in the daytime was due to the absorption of dissolved CO2 by photosynthetic bacteria and micro-algae within the ponded water. Furthermore, we compared the pH with RpH, defined as the pH at which the CO2 concentration of the water is in equilibrium with that of the air, to determine whether CO2 was absorbed by or emitted from the ponded water. In the daytime, the pH value of the ponded water was higher than that of the RpH, and the water could therefore absorb CO2 , whereas during the nighttime, since the pH value of the ponded water was lower than that of the RpH, the water was expected to emit CO2. These results show that the ponded water absorbed CO2 from the air above the water surface in the daytime and emitted CO2 in the nighttime. 相似文献
In the present study, the comparative effects of osmotic and ionic stresses on rice growth and yield were investigated. The treatments consisted of 3-level combinations of osmotic stress and times: medium (-0.25 MOPa),and high stress (-0.52 MPa)'app0ied at the vegetative stage (7-21 d after transplanting, DAT)and reproductive stage (35-63 DAT, starting when the rice plant reached panicle initiation). NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used as sources of osmotic stress. Both sources applied at the vegetative and reproductive stages delayed flowering, maturity and reduced the total biomass compared with the controD.Na+ concentration in the plant increased with NaCl addition but not with PEG, indicating that the plants were also subjected to ionic stress besides osmotic stress. There was no significant difference in biomass accumulation and yield between the PEG- and NaCl-treatments,imdicating that the salinity effect was mainly due to osmotic stress. 相似文献
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of foliar salicylic acid (SA) applications on growth, chlorophyll, and mineral content of cucumber grown under salt stress. The study was conducted in pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. Cucumber seedlings were treated with foliar SA applications at different concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mM). Salinity treatments were established by adding 0, 60, and 120 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) to a base complete nutrient solution. The SA was applied with spraying two times as before and after transplanting. Salt stress negatively affected the growth, chlorophyll content and mineral uptake of cucumber plants. However, foliar applications of SA resulted in greater shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight as well as higher plants under salt stress. Shoot diameter and leaf number per plant increased with SA treatments under salt stress. The greatest chlorophyll content was obtained with 1.00 mM SA treatment in both saline and non-saline conditions. Leaf water relative content (LWRC) reduced in response to salt stress while SA raised LWRC of salt stressed cucumber plants. Salinity treatments induced significant increases in electrolyte leakage. Plants treated with foliar SA had lower values of electrolyte leakage than non-treated ones. In regard to nutrient content, it can be interfered that foliar SA applications increased almost all nutrient content in leaves and roots of cucumber plants under salt stress. Generally, the greatest values were obtained from 1.00 mM SA application. Based on these findings, the SA treatments may help alleviate the negative effect of salinity on the growth of cucumber. 相似文献
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The invasive ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a serious pest of hazelnut in Turkey, which is... 相似文献
Effects of waxing of the fruit and of the use of cellophane for lining storage boxes on chemical quality indices (including ethanol and acetaldehyde) and flavour scores of Feutrell's Early mandarin during storage at room conditions were determined. Maximum changes during storage of waxed mandarins in film-lined boxes occurred in ethanol contents which were followed by acetaldehyde, total soluble solids (TSS)/acid ratio, TSS and acid contents. There were negative and highly significant linear relationships between flavour scores, and ethanol content and acetaldehyde content. The r2 values indicated that over 90% of the variation in flavour scores could be explained by changes in ethanol and acetaldehyde contents whereas only 50% of the variation in flavour scores could be predicted by changes in total acid and TSS/acid ratios. There were comparatively greater increases in ethanol and acetaldehyde content, lesser increases in TSS and greater decreases in total solids of waxed mandarins during storage than those of unwaxed fruits stored in film lined boxes; the ratio of ethanol and acetaldehyde (E/A) of waxed mandarins was also higher. Decreases in citric acid content during storage correlated linearly to increases in the E/A ratio at the 1% level of significance indicating that citric acid metabolism was affected during storage of waxed mandarins at ordinary room conditions. 相似文献
Salinity is a crucial problem which has affected crop productivity globally. Ascorbic acid is considered helpful against abiotic stresses due to its powerful antioxidant potential. In the pot experiment, salinity stress (0, 35, 70, and 105?mM) was applied to sweet peppers in split doses after 20 days of transplantation. To mitigate the adverse effects of salinity, ascorbic acid (0, 0.40, 0.80, and 1.20?mM) was applied as foliar spray after a 6-day interval during vegetative growth. Sweet pepper plants sprayed with distilled water (control) recorded maximum plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), number of branches, stem diameter (mm), number of fruit plant?1, fruit diameter (cm), yield plant?1 (g), and chlorophyll content (mg 100?g?1), while the maximum polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity (unit mg protein?1 min?1) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity (unit mg protein?1 min?1) were recorded in plants treated with 70?mM NaCl application. Salinity stress beyond 70?mM significantly reduced all the studied parameters. An ascorbic acid concentration of 1.20?mM significantly mitigated the negative effects of salt stress and recorded maximum plant height (cm), number of leaves plant?1, leaf area (cm2), number of branches plant?1, stem diameter (mm), number of fruit plant?1, fruit diameter (cm), yield plant?1 (g), chlorophyll content (mg 100?g?1), PPO activity (unit mg protein?1 min?1), and APX activity (unit mg protein?1 min?1). Hence, a 1.20?mM concentration of foliar ascorbic acid could be used in saline conditions up to 70?mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) for better growth, productivity, and enzymatic activity of sweet peppers.
A study was conducted to determine the artificial breeding response, embryonic and larval development of giant snakehead, Channa marulius, with the application of various dosages of stimulatory hormones: Suprefact® (LHRH) agonist and Ovaprim® (GnRH + dopamine inhibitor). First and second hormonal dosages of Suprefact® (diluted) and Ovaprim® (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 ml for male and 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 ml for females per kilogram body weight) were used. There were three treatments T1, T2, and T3 and each treatment had three replicates. Male fish were treated with T1 (0.3), T2 (0.4), T3 (0.5) ml kg−1 of body weight while female fish with T1 (0.8), T2 (0.9), T3 (1.0) ml kg−1 of body weight. The results showed that fish stimulated with T3 (1.0) obtained better fecundity rate (2951.7) followed by T2 (0.4) (2678.3), while the lowest fecundity (466.7) was recorded in T1. The numerically higher values of gonado-somatic index (males and females) and fertilization rate appeared in T2. The highest survival rate (97.1%) was found in T3 followed by T2 (97.0%), while the lowest (32.2%) in T1. In conclusion, the application of Suprefact® and Ovaprim® at 0.4 and 0.5 ml kg−1 body weight for male and 0.9 and 1.0 ml kg−1 for female fish successfully stimulated snakehead fish induced breeding. 相似文献
In an etiological study to identify the causal agent of red stripe of rice, white bacterial colonies were consistently isolated
from all diseased leaf samples collected in Indonesia. All the bacterial isolates were pathogenic to rice and caused symptoms
similar to red stripe. The bacterial infection in rice leaves was confirmed histologically. Bacterial masses were observed
in the lumina of xylem vessels in the lesion area, especially in those of connecting strands. Analysis of the 16S rDNA of
the causal bacterium gave best matches to the 16S rDNA sequence of Microbacterium spp. of Microbacteriaceae which includes Clavibacter.
Received 9 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 16 November 1999 相似文献