Glacial/interglacial changes in subarctic north pacific stratification     

Jaccard SL  Haug GH  Sigman DM  Pedersen TF  Thierstein HR  Röhl U 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5724):1003-1006

Since the first evidence of low algal productivity during ice ages in the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean was discovered, there has been debate as to whether it was associated with increased polar ocean stratification or with sea-ice cover, shortening the productive season. The sediment concentration of biogenic barium at Ocean Drilling Program site 882 indicates low algal productivity during ice ages in the Subarctic North Pacific as well. Site 882 is located southeast of the summer sea-ice extent even during glacial maxima, ruling out sea-ice-driven light limitation and supporting stratification as the explanation, with implications for the glacial cycles of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.  相似文献   

Planetary radio astronomy observations from voyager 1 near saturn     

Warwick JW  Pearce JB  Evans DR  Carr TD  Schauble JJ  Alexander JK  Kaiser ML  Desch MD  Pedersen M  Lecacheux A  Daigne G  Boischot A  Barrow CH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,212(4491):239-243

The Voyager 1 planetary radio astronomy experiment detected two distinct kinds of radio emissions from Saturn. The first, Saturn kilometric radiation, is strongly polarized, bursty, tightly correlated with Saturn's rotation, and exhibits complex dynamic spectral features somewhat reminiscent of those in Jupiter's radio emission. It appears in radio frequencies below about 1.2 megahertz. The second kind of radio emission, Saturn electrostatic discharge, is unpolarized, extremely impulsive, loosely correlated with Saturn's rotation, and very broadband, appearing throughout the observing range of the experiment (20.4 kilohertz to 40.2 megahertz). Its sources appear to lie in the planetary rings.  相似文献   

The nutritive value of amaranth grain (Amaranthus caudatus)     

Dr. Birthe Pedersen  L. Hallgren  Inge Hansen  B. O. Eggum 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1987,36(4):309-324

The nutritional value of three pale seeded and one dark seeded variety ofAmaranthus caudatus was studied by chemical analyses and in balance experiments with growing rats. Effects of processing: popping, toasting and flaking were also examined. The pale seeds contained about 14% protein, 10% fat, 2.5% ash, 64% starch and 8% of dietary fibre. The black seeds had a much higher content of fibre (16%). The concentration of essential amino acids were high. Lysine ranged from 5.2–6.0 g/16 g N in the grains, and the limiting amino acids were leucine followed by valine or threonine. The grains contained small amounts of tannin (0.3%) and heat-labile protease inhibitor activity, at levels typical of common cereal grains. Digestibility of protein in the pale seeds was high (87%) and quite unaffected by processing. Protein digestibility of the black seeds was lower, and the digestibility was further reduced by toasting. The biological value of the protein was similar in all products, and very high. The content of minerals varied among varieties and was also affected by processing. Phytate: zinc molar ratios were high in most products, and rats fed the amaranth samples with the lowest zinc contents were in negative zinc balance. In general, femur zinc concentrations were rather low. However, amaranth is an unconventional crop which deserves further attention.  相似文献   

The nutritive value of new and traditional sorghum and millet foods from Sudan     

S. Badi  B. Pedersen  L. Monowar  B. O. Eggum 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(1):5-19

In the present study was examined the nutritive value of different sorghum and millet based baby foods. Different types of kisra, some fortified with chickpeas or peanuts, were also included in the study. Finally was compared the influence of replacing wheat bran with sorghum bran in bread. The nutritive value was assessed by chemical analyses and by rat balance studies. The addition of chickpea and peanuts improved the quality of kisra a staple food of Sudan. This type of kisra can be used as a well-balanced food for infants above the age of one year. The baby food developed from sorghum/millet malt, milk powder and processed by drum drier provides a safe level of protein for children above the age of one month. This formulation and way of processing is well suited for commercial production of sorghum/millet based baby food. Based on the results of the present investigation it is recommended that the use of brown bread for infants should not exceed ten percent wheat or sorghum bran as it affects the digestibility in a negative way.  相似文献   

A review of immunologic diseases of the dog.     

N C Pedersen 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,69(2-4):251-342

The following review is based on notes used in the teaching of clinical immunology to veterinary students. Immune diseases of the dog are placed into six different categories: (1) type I or allergic conditions; (2) type II or auto- and allo-antibody diseases; (3) type III or immune complex disorders; (4) type IV or cell-mediated immune diseases; (5) type V conditions or gammopathies; and (6) type VI or immunodeficiency disorders. Separate discussions of transplantation immunology and the use of drugs to regulate unwanted immune responses are also included.  相似文献   

Matrilin-1 expression is increased in the vertebral column of Atlantic salmon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmo salar</Emphasis> L.) individuals displaying spinal fusions     

Pedersen ME  Takle H  Ytteborg E  Veiseth-Kent E  Enersen G  Færgestad E  Baeverfjord G  Hannesson KO 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(4):821-831

We have previously characterized the development of vertebral fusions induced by elevated water temperature in Atlantic salmon. Molecular markers of bone and cartilage development together with histology were used to understand the complex pathology and mechanism in the development of this spinal malformation. In this study, we wanted to use proteomics, a non-hypothetical approach to screen for possible new markers involved in the fusion process. Proteins extracted from non-deformed and fused vertebrae of Atlantic salmon were therefore compared by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI-TOF analysis. Data analysis of protein spots in the 2DE gels demonstrated matrilin-1, also named cartilage matrix protein, to be the most highly up-regulated protein in fused compared with non-deformed vertebrae. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis showed strong up-regulation of matrilin-1 mRNA in fused vertebrae. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated induced matrilin-1 expression in trans-differentiating cells undergoing a metaplastic shift toward chondrocytes in fusing vertebrae, whereas abundant expression was demonstrated in cartilaginous tissue and chordocytes of both non-deformed and fused vertebrae. These results identifies matrilin-1 as a new interesting candidate in the fusion process, and ratify the use of proteomic as a valuable technique to screen for markers involved in vertebral pathogenesis.  相似文献   

Comparison of the Distribution and Occurrence of Fusarium graminearum and Deoxynivalenol in Hard Red Winter Wheat for 1993-1996     

D. M. Trigo-Stockli  R. I. Sanchez-Mariez  M. O. Cortez-Rocha  J. R. Pedersen 《Cereal Chemistry》1998,75(6):841-846

Hard red winter wheat samples collected from different locations in Kansas from the 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996 harvests were plated to determine Fusarium graminearum infection and analyzed for deoxynivalenol by thin-layer and gas chromatography. Rainfall, temperature, and cultivar were important factors affecting the severity of F. graminearum infection as well as deoxynivalenol production. The 1993 and 1995 growing seasons had high percentages of samples infected with F. graminearum and contaminated with deoxynivalenol. Averaged over the four years, cultivars 2163 and Karl had significantly higher levels of infection than did TAM 107. These widely grown cultivars were used in comparison. Northeastern Kansas had the highest levels of F. graminearum infection and deoxynivalenol contamination but also had the lowest acreage planted to hard red winter wheat.  相似文献