Flexible exchange of farming device data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Nadeem Iftikhar  Torben Bach Pedersen 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,75(1):52-63

A new trend in the farming business is to replace conventional farming devices with computerized farming devices. Accordingly, numerous computer-based farming devices for logging, processing and exchanging data have recently been installed on moving farm machinery such as tractors. The exchange of data generally takes place between the devices and farming systems, mostly installed at the premises of farmers, contractors, advisory services, etc. In most cases, data exchange is based on farming data exchange standards and is bi-directional. Bi-directional data exchange allows different devices and systems to exchange data based on a predefined set of rules. In consequence, many hand-coded data exchange solutions have been developed in the farming business. Although efforts regarding incorporating data exchange standards have been made, their actual usage so far has been limited, due to the fact that hand-coded bi-directional data exchange solutions have proven themselves too complex to maintain. Maintenance need to occur as requirements change frequently and the existing data exchange techniques lack flexibility with regards to efficient requirements change management. In addition, requirements change results in managing low-level code rather than a high-level specifications. This paper presents a bi-directional data exchange solution in the farming business that is based on high-level specifications without any need for hand-coding. The proposed solution supports ISOBUS based bi-directional data exchange as well as efficient requirements change management through a graphical user interface. The paper also demonstrates the use of the proposed solution based on a farming case study and open source technologies.  相似文献   

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Fish bones – a highly available calcium source for growing pigs     

M. K. Malde  I. E. Graff  H. Siljander‐Rasi  E. Venäläinen  K. Julshamn  J. I. Pedersen  J. Valaja 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(5):e66-e76

In general, there is a lack of scientific documentation of nutritional value of marine by‐products. The bone fraction from fish has been regarded as waste. Due to the high mineral content of fish bones, this material can be well suitable as a natural calcium source. In the present study, apparent calcium absorption of different fish bone sources was tested using growing pigs. The experimental diets consisted of boiled salmon frames, or salmon, saithe or cod bones treated with enzymes. Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) was used as control. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.7% total calcium of which the added calcium source to be tested contributed about 71% (study 1) and 86% (study 2). Except for the calcium and phosphorus sources, the animals received similar basal diets. Apparent calcium digestibility coefficient was calculated using yttrium as indicator (both studies) and was based on complete collection of faeces and urine (study 2). The experimental design was parallel and cross‐over in study 1 and study 2, respectively. In study 1, piglets getting salmon bone treated with enzymes had significantly higher calcium absorption than piglets getting boiled fish bone or calcium carbonate. Therefore, in the second study only enzymatically treated fish bones were included. The higher calcium absorption from enzymatically treated salmon bone was also found in study 2, but this time not significant. Calcium from boiled salmon bones in study I, and from enzymatically treated saithe and cod bones in study II were absorbed as well as the calcium carbonate control. The results indicate that fish bones may be a useful and well absorbed calcium source. Due to the high mineral content of the bone fraction, salmon bones can be well suitable as a natural calcium and phosphorus source in, for example, food, feed or as supplement.  相似文献   

Determination of graft compatibility in sweet cherry by a co-culture method     

B. H. Pedersen 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):759-764

Summary

Cell suspensions of two sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.) ‘Sam’ and ‘Sweetheart’, and four cherry rootstocks: ‘Edabriz’ and ‘Weiroot 10’ (P. cerasus L.), ‘P. avium seedlings’ (Alkavo selection) and ‘Gisela 5’ (a P. cerasus P. canescens hybrid) were co-cultured for 14 d and their mass increase used to calculate an affinity index and the degree of compatibility between pairs of genotypes. Synergistic as well as antagonistic growth responses were observed among the various genotype combinations. The effect on growth was never significantly negative, or resulted in cell mortality. Co-culture of ‘P. avium seedlings’ and ‘Sweetheart’ had a significantly positive influence on the growth of ‘P. avium seedling’ cell suspensions, and co-culture with either of the sweet cherry cultivars had a very positive effect on the growth increase (GI) of ‘Edabriz’ cell suspensions. The GI of the sweet cherry cultivar ‘Sam’ was positively influenced by the presence of both ‘Weiroot 10’ and ‘Gisela 5’ in the co-culture chamber. The GI for the combination of ‘Sweetheart’ with ‘Gisela 5’ or ‘Edabriz’ was significantly lower than in the control, and none of the combinations with ‘P. avium seedlings’ or ‘Weiroot 10’ gave an increase in GI greater than controls of the scion cultivar ‘Sweetheart’ alone. The calculated degree of compatibility (DC_cc) showed that the cultivar ‘Sam’ had no compatibility problems with the four rootstocks tested, whereas the combination of ‘Sweetheart’ and ‘Gisela 5’ had the lowest DC_cc (= 0.80) which was concluded to be on the border between a compatible and an incompatible relationship. It was therefore concluded that a calculated value of DC_cc < 0.80 would indicate an incompatible combination, and that values of DC_cc > 1.00 would indicate healthy and strong combinations.Virus-induced incompatibility appeared to play a much larger role in explaining unsuccessful grafts observed in the nursery than previously assumed.  相似文献   

The influence of milling on the nutritive value of flour from cereal grains. 1. Rye     

Birthe Pedersen  Dr. Bjørn O. Eggum 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1983,32(2):185-196

Rye was milled into flours having extraction rates between 100 and 65%. The nutritive value of the various fractions was studied by chemical analyses and in balance trials with rats. The concentration of essential nutrients decreased when the extraction rate was lowered. The lysine content (g/16 g N) was 4.23 in whole rye, but only 3.76 in the 65% extraction flour, and a corresponding reduction in biological value was found. A reduction of 50% or more was observed for several minerals with zinc and phosphorus being most affected. The apparent zinc absorption and retention expressed in absolute values, were significantly higher from the flours of high extraction than from the more refined flours, in spite of a much higher phytate content in whole rye and lightly milled flours. It could be concluded that milling of rye into highly refined flours not only preclude considerable amounts of nutrients from human consumption, but the remaining flours have a much poorer nutritive value than flour made from whole rye.  相似文献   

The Agersoe cattle: the last remnants of the Danish island cattle (Bos taurus)?     

Withen KB  Brüniche-Olsen A  Pedersen BV;European Cattle Genetic Diversity Consortium  Gravlund P 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2011,128(2):141-152

A phenotypically interesting strain of cattle existed on the small island of Agersoe, on the west coast of Zealand, Denmark, in the beginning of the last decade. The cattle share a great resemblance to the extinct Danish breed, the Island cattle. The objective of this study was to genetically characterize the Agersoe cattle, using microsatellites, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and mtDNA markers, and analyse the genetic variability within the breed and the genetic relationship to 14 European breeds with focus on the Red Danish and Jutland breed. The results show diversity in nuclear markers comparable to that of modern breeds and that the Agersoe cattle are separable from the two native breeds. The absence of inbreeding and the degree of genetic diversity are taken as a sign of recent admixture. The Agersoe cattle did not exhibit a consistent association with any of the European breeds. Several arguments based on this survey have been put forward in favour of characterizing the Agersoe cattle as being the last remnants of the Danish Island Cattle.  相似文献   

Intra- and inter-observer agreement when using a descriptive classification scale for clinical assessment of faecal consistency in growing pigs     

Pedersen KS  Toft N 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,98(4):284-291

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Evaluation of a microwave method for dry matter determination in faecal samples from weaned pigs with or without clinical diarrhoea     

Pedersen KS  Stege H  Nielsen JP 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,100(3-4):163-170

Microwave drying as a procedure for determination of faecal dry matter in weaned pigs was evaluated and clinical relevant cut-off values between faecal consistency scores were determined. Repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated. Overall coefficient of variation was 0.03. The 95% confidence limits for any future faecal subsample examined by any operator in any replica were ± 0.85% faecal dry matter. Robustness in relation to weight of wet faeces was evaluated. The weight categories were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 g. Samples of 0.5 g gave significantly different mean faecal dry matter content compared to weighing of 1.0-3.0 g. Agreement with freeze-drying was evaluated. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.94. On average the faecal dry matter values was 1.7% (SD=1.99%) higher in freeze dried compared to micro waved samples. Non-parametric ROC analyses were used to determine optimal faecal dry matter cut-off values for clinical faecal consistency scores. The 4 consistency scores were score 1=firm and shaped, score 2=soft and shaped, score 3=loose and score 4=watery. The cut-off values were score 1: faecal dry matter content >19.5%, score 2: faecal dry matter content ≤ 19.5% and >18.0%, score 3: faecal dry matter content ≤ 18.0% and >11.3%, score 4: faecal dry matter content ≤ 11.3%. In conclusion, the microwave procedure has an acceptable repeatability/reproducibility and good agreement with freeze drying can be expected. A minimum of 1.0 g of wet faeces must be used for analyses. Faecal dry matter cut-off values between 4 different clinical consistency scores were determined.  相似文献   

Antiviral treatment using the adenosine nucleoside analogue GS-441524 in cats with clinically diagnosed neurological feline infectious peritonitis     

Peter J. Dickinson  Michael Bannasch  Sara M. Thomasy  Vishal D. Murthy  Karen M. Vernau  Molly Liepnieks  Elizabeth Montgomery  Kelly E. Knickelbein  Brian Murphy  Niels C. Pedersen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(4):1587-1593

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Growth and magnesium uptake of tall fescue clones with varying root diameters     

H.A. Torbert  J.H. Edwards  J.F. Pedersen 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):731-749

Abstract

A cool season perennial grass with a root system capable of penetrating hardpans and which can accumulate adequate Mg to prevent deficiencies in forage is needed in the Coastal Plain region. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of magnesium (Mg) concentration in nutrient solution and root diameter on Mg uptake and growth of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Propagules of two fescue clones with large root diameter (LDR >1 mm), two clones with small root diameter (SDR <0.8 mm), and a single clone from ‘Kentucky 31’ (Ky‐31) were transferred into 12‐liter tanks containing Mg concentrations of 3, 21, 42, 125, 250, and 500 μM as MgSO₄ and grown for 39 or 70 days. Leaf Mg concentration was increased linearly with Mg solution concentration in LDR clones for a 39‐day growth period (Harvest 1), but increased according to a cubic equation in the SDR clones and the Ky‐31. Predicted leaf Mg concentration as a function of solution Mg followed a cubic equation for a 70‐day growth period (Harvest 2) in all clones. Predicted root Mg concentration was linearly related to Mg solution concentration for the LDR clones and the Ky‐31, but followed a cubic equation for the SDR clones for the first growth period. For the second growth period, the root Mg concentration of the SDR clones and the Ky‐31 was increased linearly, while the LDR clones followed a quadratic equation. Magnesium uptake followed a cubic equation with Mg solution concentration for both growth periods on all tall fescue clones. This nonlinear variation of Mg uptake and plant Mg concentration with respect to solution Mg concentration strongly suggests that a dual uptake mechanism might have been present in tall fescue clones. Root volume was greater in the SDR than LDR clones or Ky‐31 for both growth periods. The Ky‐31 had the greatest leaf and root dry weight for both growth periods, while the LDR clones had the lowest.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Nebraska Waxy Sorghum Hybrids for Ethanol Production     

Xiaorong Wu  Anne Maier  Tingting Wu  Ningbo Li  Jeff R. Pedersen  Donghai Wang 《Cereal Chemistry》2013,90(3):198-203

To evaluate the ethanol production performance of waxy sorghum hybrids and the effects of location and harvest year on ethanol yield, samples of four waxy sorghum hybrids collected from two Nebraska locations (Mead and Lincoln) in both 2009 and 2010 were tested for ethanol production in a dry‐grind process. No significant difference (P = 0.216) in starch contents was observed among the four hybrids, but starch contents of the hybrids were significantly affected by growth location (P = 0.0001) and harvest year (P = 0.0258). Location, hybrid, and harvest year all had significant effects on ethanol fermentation efficiency in the dry‐grind process. Lincoln sorghum samples showed higher (P = 0.022) ethanol fermentation efficiency (90.4%) than did Mead sorghum samples (90.0%). Sorghums harvested in 2010 had higher (P < 0.001) ethanol fermentation efficiency (91.1%) than those harvested in 2009 (89.3%). The 2009 sorghum flours had more amylose‐lipid complexes than the 2010 samples did, and amylose‐lipid complexes as previously reported had adverse effects on ethanol fermentation. Residual starch contents in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were significantly affected by hybrid and harvest year (P < 0.0001), but we observed no difference in protein content in DDGS from the four hybrids.  相似文献