Paratuberculosis with special reference to cattle. A review     

Olsen I  Sigurğardóttir G  Djønne B 《The Veterinary quarterly》2002,24(1):12-28

Paratuberculosis is a chronic, granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis affecting domestic and wild ruminants. The symptoms of clinical paratuberculosis are chronic diarrhoea and progressive weight loss while subclinically infected animals mainly have decreased production. The infection is widespread throughout the world and causes substantial financial losses for the farming industry. One of the major obstacles in the control of this disease, is the difficulty of identifying subclinically infected animals. This review gives a summary of several aspects of paratuberculosis including clinical importance, pathology, immunology and properties of the infectious agent. Special emphasis will be on the available diagnostic methods, their use and limitations.  相似文献   

H4N6 influenza virus isolated from pigs in Ontario   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

Karasin AI  Olsen CW  Brown IH  Carman S  Stalker M  Josephson G 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2000,41(12):938-939

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Artificial insemination outcomes in beef females using bovine sperm with a detectable fertility-associated antigen     

Sprott LR  Harris MD  Forrest DW  Young J  Zhang HM  Oyarzo JN  Bellin ME  Ax RL 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(4):795-798

In this study, semen samples from 25 bulls that had passed a breeding soundness evaluation were analyzed for the presence or absence of a 31-kDa protein, known as fertility-associated antigen (FAA), on spermatozoal membranes. Eighteen bulls had FAA on sperm (FAA-positive) and seven were devoid of FAA on sperm (FAA-negative). A single ejaculate from each bull was extended and frozen with 25 to 30 x 10(6) sperm in .5-mL straws. Crossbred replacement heifers (n = 865) were estrus-synchronized and artificially inseminated either at timed AI or 12 h after they were detected in estrus. Mature cows (n = 285) were inseminated 12 h after they were detected in estrus during a 45-d AI period. Pregnancy rates (pooled) to first AI service for females (n = 764) inseminated with FAA-positive sperm were 65.6% and were 49.7% for females (n = 386) inseminated with FAA-negative sperm (P < .005). Among the estrus-synchronized replacement heifers, pregnancy rates to synchronized AI service for heifers (n = 550) inseminated with FAA-positive sperm were 62% and were 45.7% for heifers (n = 315) inseminated with FAA-negative sperm (P < .005). These data indicate that pregnancy rates to first AI service at spontaneous and synchronized estrus are higher when using semen from bulls with detectable FAA on spermatozoal membranes compared to semen from bulls devoid of FAA on membranes. Fertility-associated antigen is an important determinant for fertility potential of sperm from bulls to be used in AI breeding programs.  相似文献   

Morbidity and mortality of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) admitted to the Wildlife Center of Virginia, 1993-2003.     

M Camille Harris  Jonathan M Sleeman 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(1):62-66

Medical records from 111 threatened bald eagles (86%, Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and peregrine falcons (14%, Falco peregrinus) admitted to the Wildlife Center of Virginia from 1993 to 2003 were reviewed to identify submitters, causes of morbidity and mortality, and final disposition. Half of all patients admitted were submitted by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries personnel. Trauma was the most common reason for presentation in bald eagles (70%) and peregrine falcons (81%). Additional causes of morbidity and mortality in bald eagles included toxicoses (10%), infectious diseases (8%), and orphaned young (1%). Neoplasia was confirmed in two trauma cases, suggesting underlying disease might have increased susceptibility to acute traumatic injuries. Peregrine falcons were also admitted for infectious disease (19%). The most frequent infectious disease for both species was West Nile virus. Thirty-nine percent of patients were released back into the wild, 28% were euthanized, 20% died, and 13% were placed in captivity. Postrelease monitoring that would determine whether rehabilitated animals survived to contribute to threatened populations was not performed in this study.  相似文献   

Glucose and insulin responses to different dietary energy sources in Thoroughbred broodmares grazing cool season pasture     

W.B. Staniar  T.A. Cubitt  L.A. George  P.A. Harris  R.J. Geor 《Livestock Science》2007,111(1-2):164-171

The objectives of this study were to characterize the glycemic and insulinemic responses of Thoroughbred broodmares fed late spring pasture only or a mixture of pasture and a high starch or low starch feed and to test hypotheses about differences in the glycemic and insulinemic effects of these dietary regimes. A group of 15 mares were divided into three treatment groups; pasture and high starch feed (PHS), pasture and low starch feed (PLS), and pasture only (PO) and maintained in these groups for 4.5 months prior to this study. These groups were maintained on a single pasture that was temporarily divided into three sections. The study protocol was conducted over two days. On day 1 the mares were fed their respective treatments and on day 2 all mares were allowed access to pasture only. On both days plasma glucose and insulin were measured in samples taken over a 7.5 h period. Baseline measurements for glucose and insulin were not different between any of the treatment groups on either day (P > 0.05). The baseline insulin concentrations of these pasture-kept mares (26.7 ± 8.3 mIU/L) were high compared to those reported from stall-kept horses. Plasma glucose and insulin on day 1 were influenced by treatment group, sample time, and an interaction between treatment and time (P < 0.05). On day 2 there was no significant influence of treatment group (P > 0.05). Glucose and insulin rose to higher (P < 0.01) peak concentrations in the PHS group on day 1 when compared to the PLS and PO groups, with no difference (P > 0.05) detected between the PLS and PO groups. These results are reflected in greater areas under the concentration-time curves for glucose and insulin in the PHS group on day 1 (P < 0.05). On day 2 there were no differences in any of the glucose and insulin characteristics for any of the treatment groups (P > 0.05). These results indicate a clear difference in the glycemic and insulinemic effect of the PHS feed compared to the PLS and PO groups. Of further interest are the glucose and insulin characteristics of these pasture-kept mares that indicate a low insulin sensitivity and high insulin secretory response. This study provides further information on factors influencing glycemic and insulinemic responses in horses.  相似文献   

Land-cover and structural changes in a western Norwegian cultural landscape since 1865, based on an old cadastral map and a field survey   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

Liv Norunn Hamre  Stein Tage Domaas  Ingvild Austad  Knut Rydgren 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(10):1563-1574

Many studies of land-cover and structural changes in cultural landscapes have used historical maps as a source for information about past land-cover. All transformations of historical maps onto modern coordinate systems are however burdened with difficulties when it comes to accuracy. We show that a detailed land survey of the present landscape may enable transformation of an old cadastral map directly onto the present terrain with very high accuracy. The detailed resulting map enabled us to locate remnants of semi-natural grasslands and man-made structures with continuity from 1865 and to test hypotheses about relationships between landscape changes and landscape characteristics. The main land-cover change 1865–2002 was decrease of arable fields, and addition of three new land-cover classes: horticultural, orchard and abandoned areas. Of the 330 man-made structures present in 1865, only 58 remained in 2002, while 63 new structures had been built after 1865. We found that semi-natural grasslands with continuity since 1865 were situated on ground with significantly lower production capacity than mean 1865 production capacity. The man-made structures with continuity since 1865 were also associated with areas with significantly lower production capacity than the 1865 mean, situated in significantly steeper terrain but not further from the hamlet. Our study illustrates the potential of digitised and accurately transformed historical cadastral maps combined with detailed field surveys for analysis of land-cover and structural changes in the cultural landscape.  相似文献   

Plasma aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinaseactivities in thoroughbred racehorses in relation to age, sex, exercise and training     

P.A. Harris  D.J. Marlin  J. Gray 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1998,155(3)

In order to investigate the effect of age, sex and month on the response of plasma aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and creatine kinase (CK) to exercise, blood samples were collected once a month between March and September from a group of 40 2- and 3-year-old (2yo and 3yo) thoroughbred racehorses (kept under the same managemental regimen) at rest before exercise (PRE) and at 2 (2H) and 24h (24H) post-exercise. The absolute change in activities between the 2H and PRE samples (2HΔ) and the 24H and PRE samples (24HΔ) was also calculated. Age had a significant effect on all measured and calculated parameters for colts (C), apart from 24HΔ CK but showed no effect in the fillies (F). Sex only had a significant effect in the 3yo in the 2HΔ CK. In the 2yo, significant effects of sex were found for both CK and AST in the PRE, 2H and 24H samples. The effect of month varied according to the classification group with only the 2yoC not showing any significant effect on any parameter. Fillies were, in general, more likely than colts to show greater than a twofold increase in CK activity at 2H post-exercise and the number of animals showing such an increase decreased as the season progressed. Very little change in AST activities occurred with exercise.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in the cow   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

G E Hardee  J A Smith  S J Harris 《Research in veterinary science》1985,39(1):110-112

Plasma levels of flunixin were measured in heifers after a single intravenous injection (1.1 mg kg-1), using high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentration versus time curves were best described by a two compartment model. The distribution phase (alpha) half-life was 0.294 hours, the elimination phase (beta) half-life was 8.12 hours and the volume of distribution was 1050 ml kg-1.  相似文献   

Rootstock influence on ‘delicious’ and ‘golden delicious’ apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage     

Fenton E. Larsen  Robert Fritts  Kenneth L. Olsen 《Scientia Horticulturae》1985,26(4):339-349

The influence of 9 rootstocks (M2, M7, M25, M26, MM104, MM106, MM109, MM111 and seedling) on fruit quality at harvest and after storage of ‘Wellspur Delicious’ (WS) and ‘Goldspur’ (GS), and of 3 rootstocks (M7, M26 and MM106) on fruit quality of ‘Red King Delicious’ (RK) and ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was evaluated during a 4-year period. Fruits from trees on M26 were larger, developed earlier color and soluble solids (SS), and maintained higher levels of acidity (at harvest and during storage) in comparison with other rootstocks. Fruit from trees on M2 tended to have high SS. Fruit color from trees on MM104, MM106 and MM109 tended to be comparatively poor. There were significant rootstock effects on SS, starch, acidity, color, circumference, weight and box size.  相似文献   

Sectional notes     

C. H. Metzger  W. B. Ward  John S. Gardner  Ralph W. Donaldson  A. G. Tolaas  E. E. Isaac  Marx Koehnke  Lionel Harris  W. H. Martin  E. B. Tussing  J. B. R. Dickey  K. W. Lauer  T. E. Odland  J. G. Milward 《American Journal of Potato Research》1937,14(7):224-232

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