Evaluation of zincated nanoclay polymer composite in releasing Zn and P and effect on soil enzyme activities in a wheat rhizosphere     

Nintu Mandal  Samar C. Datta  Kanchikeri M. Manjaiah  Brahma S. Dwivedi  Rajesh Kumar  Pramila Aggarwal 《European Journal of Soil Science》2019,70(6):1164-1182

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Assessing the immobilization efficiency of organic and inorganic amendments for cadmium phytoavailability to wheat     

Hamid  Yasir  Tang  Lin  Lu  Min  Hussain  Bilal  Zehra  Afsheen  Khan  Muhammad Bilal  He  Zhenli  Gurajala  Hanumanth Kumar  Yang  Xiaoe 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(11):3708-3717

Purpose

Rapid industrialization in China accelerated environmental pollution by xenophores and trace metals particularly cadmium. Numerous studies have been conducted to address soil contamination using organic and inorganic amendments under pot or incubation conditions, but few were performed under field conditions, particularly in the wheat-growing areas. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of pre-applied soil amendments for Cd immobilization, changes in soil pH, and metal uptake by wheat.

Materials and methods

In this study, 12 treatments, i.e., control (CK), lime, DaSan Yuan (DASY), DiKang No. 1 (DEK1), biochar, Fe-biochar, Yirang, CaMgP, and green stabilizing agents (GSA-1, GSA-2, GSA-3, and GSA-4), were evaluated for Cd immobilization in incubation and field experiments. Changes in soil pH and available metal content with amendments were monitored from 30 to 150 days of incubation. Single extraction method and DTPA-extractable and sequential extraction procedures were employed to assess the variations in available Cd contents of field soil. The impact of soil amendments on Cd uptake and bioaccumulation in food part of wheat was measured at harvesting stage in a contaminated site.

Results and discussion

Lime treatment increased soil pH by 32% and reduced available Cd to 0.213 mg kg^?1, as compared to CK (control) in the incubation experiment (0.343 mg kg^?1). Effects of the amendments on wheat growth, soil pH, and Cd phytoavailability were reported. Wheat biomass was highest in treatment GSA-2 (13,880 kg ha^?1) and GAS-4 resulted in an increase in grain yield (5350 kg ha^?1). Soil pH of the treated field at harvesting stage increased up to 6.50, 6.50, and 6.47 by application of GSA-4, GSA-2, and lime, respectively. Cadmium contents in wheat grain were declined significantly in the treatments of GSA-2, GSA-4, and lime.

Conclusions

Results of this study revealed a significant decrease in available Cd concentration with the application of amendments. Composite amendments were more effective in terms of metal uptake and bioaccumulation in wheat. In addition, our results indicate the effectiveness of composite amendments in stabilizing Cd in contaminated soil.

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Cost of regulations on US catfish farms     

Shraddha Hegde  Ganesh Kumar  Carole Engle  Jonathan van Senten 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2023,54(1):32-53

Understanding the economic effects of regulations on US aquaculture farms provides insights into which compliance costs create the greatest compliance burden on farms. This can further guide strategies to improve the efficiency of regulatory frameworks and potentially reduce on-farm compliance costs while maintaining adequate oversight. This study estimated the regulatory compliance burden on US catfish farms as part of a national effort to quantify the cost of regulations on US aquaculture farms. Completed survey interviews of catfish farms in the major catfish-producing states covered 63% of the total US catfish production area. Total regulatory costs of the US catfish industry were estimated at $45 million annually. Lost farm revenues (measured as the value of lost production, the value of markets lost from regulations, and the value of business opportunities lost because of regulations) were estimated to be $35 million per annum. Catfish-producing states outside the Alabama/Arkansas/Mississippi region had the highest ($2856/ha) and Alabama the lowest ($1127/ha) regulatory costs per hectare among the surveyed states. The greatest regulatory cost burden on catfish farms ($18 million) was caused by environmental regulations related mostly to the management of federally protected piscivorous migratory birds, followed by labor regulations ($12 million), and taxes/insurance ($7 million). Regulatory costs ($/kg) were 2.6 times higher on smaller (<80 ha) farms relative to larger (>300 ha) farms. Attention is needed to identify alternative regulatory frameworks that provide the same degree of regulatory oversight but are more cost-efficient.  相似文献   

Activity of the ilicicolins against plant pathogenic fungi     

S Bal-Tembe  S Kundu  K Roy  C P Hiremath  G Gole  E Pinto de Souza  E K S Vijaya Kumar  D A Gates  J B Pillmoor 《Pest management science》1999,55(6):645-647

Ilicicolins D, E, F, dechloroilicicolin D, ascofuranone and arthrichitin were isolated from the fermentation broth of Nectria sp (HIL Y 90 3333). The ilicicolins showed good fungicidal activity in planta.  相似文献   

Hydro-physical characteristics of selected media used for containerized agriculture systems     

Vivek Kumar  Berrin Tansel  M. Reza Savabi 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,98(2):314-320

Containerized plant production represents an extremely intensive agricultural practice with large amounts of moisture and fertilizer application. Hydro-physical characteristics such as water infiltration, texture and structure, particle size distribution affect the quality of the media used in containerized agricultural systems and the water availability to plants. Water retention characteristics depend on particle size distribution as well as the composition of the media used. Materials with coarser particles allow faster percolation of water and also retain relatively higher amounts moisture per unit weight due to higher porosity, while draining faster due to smaller surface area per unit weight. Faster drainage can result into airflow through coarser materials causing the media to dry. The objectives of this study were to characterize the selected hydro-physical properties of plant growth media that are commonly used by nurseries in South Florida. Characterization of the plant growing media can allow modeling of soil-water interactions and development of best management practices for more efficient use of water and agrochemicals by nurseries. Experimental analyses were performed to characterize the plant growth mixtures in terms of particle size distribution and hydraulic conductivity using three different methods (i.e., constant head permeability, falling head permeability test, and tension infiltrometer test). The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures measured by constant head method ranged from 0.029 to 0.042 cm/s (104-151 cm/h) and by falling head method ranged from 0.078 to 0.112 cm/s (281-403 cm/h). The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures measured by tension infiltrometer ranged from 0.02 to 0.34 cm/h. Understanding water retention and permeation characteristics of the plant growing media could assist development of best management practices (BMP) for containerized agricultural systems for efficient management of irrigation water and agrochemical use.  相似文献   

Energy balance and crop water stress in winter maize under phenology-based irrigation scheduling     

Gouranga Kar  Ashwani Kumar 《Irrigation Science》2010,28(3):211-220

In eastern India, cultivation of winter maize is getting popular after rainy season rice and farmers practice irrigation scheduling of this crop based on critical phenological stages. In this study, crop water stress index of winter maize at different critical stages wase determined to investigate if phenology-based irrigation scheduling could be optimized further. The components of the energy budget of the crop stand were computed. The stressed and non-stressed base lines were also developed (between canopy temperature and vapor pressure deficit) and with the help of base line equation, [(T _c − T _a) = −1.102 VPD − 3.772], crop water stress index (CWSI) was determined from the canopy-air temperature data collected frequently throughout the growing season. The values of CWSI (varied between 0.42 and 0.67) were noted just before the irrigations were applied at critical phenological stages. The soil moisture depletion was also measured throughout the crop growing period and plotted with CWSI at different stages. Study revealed that at one stage (silking), CWSI was much lower (0.42–0.48) than that of recommended CWSI (0.60) for irrigation scheduling. Therefore, more research is required to further optimize the phenology-based irrigation scheduling of winter maize in the region. This method is being used now by local producers. The intercepted photosynthetically active radiation and normalized difference vegetation index over the canopy of the crop were also measured and were found to correlate better with leaf area index.  相似文献   

Elucidation of zein isoforms associated with high protein quality traits for targeted improvement in maize-based nutrition     

Mehak Sethi  Alla Singh  Monika Garg  Venkatesh Chunduri  Parminder Kumar  Veena Devi  Firoz Hossain  Ramesh K. Phagna  Mamta Gupta  Dharam P. Chaudhary 《Cereal Chemistry》2024,101(2):418-430

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Genome mapping and molecular markers identification for yield,yield component and fibre quality traits in tetraploid cotton     

U. M. Ramesh  Ramesh Methre  N. V. M. Kumar  Ishwarappa S. Katageri  S. Anjan Gowda  Sateesh Adiger  Satish Kumar Yadava  Vijay B. R. Lachagari 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(6):880-896

The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) across different environments is a prerequisite for marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in crop improvement programmes. CottonSNP63k Illumina infinium array was used for genotyping 178 inter‐specific recombinant inbred lines and the parents, and identified 1,667 homozygous polymorphic markers between the parents. Of these, 1,430 markers were used for the construction of linkage map after removing 237 redundant markers. The genetic map spans a total genetic length of 3,149.8 cM with an average marker interval size of 2.2 cM. The phenotypic data from five environments were analysed separately using inclusive composite interval mapping which identified a total of 56 QTL explaining phenotypic variances (PVE) in the range of 8.18%–28.91%. There were 11 and 24 major QTL found for fibre quality and yield components, respectively. A total of 64 QTL were identified through Multi‐Environment Trials analysis, of which 34 recorded QTL × Environment interactions.  相似文献   

Lowered vaccine dose for immunisation of calves against tropical theileriosis usingTheileria annulata lymphoblasts     

Grewal  A. S.  Singh  Avtar  Kumar  Sanjay  Kondal  J. K.  Kanwar  J. R.  Kapur  J.  Sawhney  S. M. S. 《Tropical animal health and production》1997,29(4):104S-108S

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Bovine tropical theileriosis is of high incidence in calves below 2 months old in India. TheTheileria cell culture vaccine evolved by the Punjab Agricultural...  相似文献   

Protein Profiling from Hormone-Induced Tetraploid Roots in Platycodon grandiflorum     

Kwon  Soo-Jeong  Roy  Swapan Kumar  Yu  Jang-Hwan  Cho  Seong-Woo  Kim  Hag-Hyun  Boo  Hee-Ock  Woo  Sun-Hee 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2019,22(5):465-474

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The root of Platycodon grandiflorum is used as traditional oriental medicine in Asian countries since ancient times to treat bronchitis, tonsillitis,...  相似文献