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61.
Sangam Lal Dwivedi Suresh Pande Joginedi Narayan Rao Shyam Narayan Nigam 《Euphytica》2002,125(1):81-88
Late leaf spot (LLS) and rust cause substantial yield losses and reduce the fodder and seed quality in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Adoption of resistant cultivars by the semi-arid tropic farmers is the best option to overcome yield losses. Knowledge
on components of resistance to these diseases should facilitate the development of groundnut cultivars with enhanced resistance
to LLS and rust. The objectives of the experiments were to study the genetic variability and relationships among components
of resistance to LLS and rust, and assess their significance in disease resistance breeding. Fifteen interspecific derivatives
for LLS and 14 for rust and a susceptible control, TMV 2, were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with two or
three replications under greenhouse conditions. The experiments were repeated twice. Genotypic differences were highly significant
for all the traits studied. Resistance to LLS is due to longer incubation and latent periods, lesser lesions per leaf, smaller
lesion diameter, lower sporulation index, and lesser leaf area damage and disease score. Selection based on components of
resistance to LLS may not lead to plants with higher retained green leaf area. The remaining green leaf area on the plant
should, therefore, be the major selection criteria for resistance to LLS in breeding programs. Resistance to rust is due to
longer incubation and latent periods, fewer pustules per leaf, smaller pustule diameter, lower sporulation index, and lesser
leaf area damage and disease score. Rust resistant components appear to work additively, therefore, selection based on resistance
components together with green leaf area retained on the plant should be the basis of selecting for resistance to rust in
breeding programs. ICGV 99005, 99003, 99012, and 99015 for rust and ICGV 99006, 99013, 99004, 99003, and 99001 for LLS are
the better parents for use in resistance breeding programs.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
62.
Mishra SK Khan AA Narayan R Singh SP Pratap SO Saxena D Chaudhuri D 《British poultry science》2011,52(6):686-693
1. The inheritance of various plumage colour variants and their underlying interactions were investigated in a large flock of Japanese quail maintained at CARI (India) by conducting reciprocal crosses between four breeding stocks inheriting Pharaoh, White Breasted, White and Brown plumages, followed by test crosses. 2. Based on the proportion of plumage-colour types in the progeny, putative genotypes were determined for parents and offspring for each of the crosses. 3. The White and Brown phenotypes were attributed to the Panda (S) and Roux (Br) loci respectively in agreement with contemporary quail stocks. 4. The White Breasted plumage type present in our stock was caused by a novel mutation with dominant gene action at an autosomal locus that was not allelic to either Panda or the White feather locus. 5. A recessive epistatic action of the Panda locus (S) on White Breasted (Wb) resulted in a White colour phenotype. 6. A novel phenotype, White Breasted-Brown was co-expressed with the Br and Wb loci. 7. It was concluded that breeding for customized feather colour phenotypes in Japanese quail using colour mutations was feasible and would be advantageous in order to overcome the limitations of legislation to protect wildlife in India. 相似文献
63.
Kumar V Elangovan AV Mandal AB Tyagi PK Bhanja SK Dash BB 《British poultry science》2007,48(2):198-204
1. A feeding trial was conducted on 360 1-d-old chicks from 0 to 6 weeks of age to assess the effect of processed high tannin red sorghum in the diet of broiler chickens on nutrient utilisation and certain welfare parameters. 2. Each of 9 dietary treatments was allotted to 4 groups (replicates) of chicks in a completely randomised design. The treatments were a maize-soy based standard broiler diet (control, RS(0)) and eight test diets formulated by incorporating either raw red sorghum (RS(25), RS(50), RS(75), RS(100)) or reconstituted red sorghum (RS(25)(R), RS(50)(R), RS(75)(R), RS(100)(R)) replacing 25, 50, 75 or 100% of maize from the control diet. 3. The tannin content was reduced from 23 to 16 g/kg in reconstituted red sorghum. 4. Utilisations of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus retention were similar in all the dietary groups. 5. The cell-mediated immune response measured as footpad index (FPI) value of birds given raw red sorghum was significantly higher than in control and reconstituted red sorghum groups. Similarly, comparatively better humoral response measured as HA titre value was observed in raw red sorghum based groups than in reconstituted ones. 6. Plasma albumin, globulin, protein, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, SGOT, SGPT and uric acid levels did not differ significantly due to dietary treatments. 7. Mild histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney tissues of birds given raw red sorghum. 8. From the present study, it is concluded that (1) the reconstitution of high tannin red sorghum resulted in about 30% reduction in its tannin concentration; (2) the feeding of reconstituted sorghum based diets to broiler chickens did not exert any appreciable influence on nutrient utilisation, blood biochemicals and enzymes and gross pathological changes; and (3) the birds fed on raw red sorghum exhibited higher immuno-responsiveness in comparison to their reconstituted counterparts. 相似文献
64.
Sequence homology and morphologic similarity of HTLV-III and visna virus, a pathogenic lentivirus 总被引:59,自引:0,他引:59
M A Gonda F Wong-Staal R C Gallo J E Clements O Narayan R V Gilden 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4683):173-177
A study was conducted of the genetic relation between human T-cell lymphotropic retroviruses and visna virus. The human T-cell lymphotropic viruses include those associated with T-cell malignancies (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) as well as the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HTLV-III). Visna virus, a slowly replicating and pathogenic but nononcogenic retrovirus of sheep, is a member of the subfamily Lentivirinae. Results obtained by molecular hybridization and heteroduplex analysis indicated that a greater extent of nucleotide sequence homology exists between HTLV-III and visna virus than between HTLV-III and any of the other viruses. The homology observed under conditions of low stringency spanned the entire genome, but was strongest in the gag/pol region. The morphogenesis and fine structure of HTLV-III and visna virus also demonstrated striking similarities. The data provide strong evidence for a close taxonomic and thus evolutionary relation between HTLV-III and the Lentivirinae subfamily. 相似文献
65.
Kumar Rahul Das Munshi Anilabh Behera Tusar Kanti Jat Gograj Singh Choudhary Harshawardhan Talukdar Akshay Dash Prasanta Singh Deepak 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(5):1901-1917
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - In several regions of the world, low productivity in this crop is attributed to several factors including poor understanding of the genomic complexity of... 相似文献
66.
Shiva Shankar Pandey Tek Narayan Maraseni Geoff Cockfield Karin Gerhard 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(8):796-813
Community forestry is expanding in developing countries but there is limited knowledge of, and contradictory findings about, its contribution to biodiversity conservation. This study aims at increasing the understanding of tree species diversity in community forests compared to National Parks. A forest inventory was carried out in four community forests and one National Park in the mid-hills of central Nepal. The study found that community forestry has contributed to high tree species diversity where forest management communities have interests in multiple species, but most community forests are moving toward promoting limited timber yielding species that have high economic value. Linking community forestry with economic incentives for conserving multiple tree species could therefore be a strategy to conserve biodiversity outside of protected areas. 相似文献
67.
Md. Ataur Rahman Raju Dash Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag Mahboob Alam Hyewhon Rhim Hunjoo Ha Il Soo Moon Md Jamal Uddin Md. Abdul Hannan 《Marine drugs》2021,19(3)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognition, mostly affecting the elderly. Numerous functional bioactives have been reported in marine organisms, and anti-Alzheimer’s agents derived from marine resources have gained attention as a promising approach to treat AD pathogenesis. Marine sterols have been investigated for several health benefits, including anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-aging, and anti-Alzheimer’s activities, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Marine sterols interact with various proteins and enzymes participating via diverse cellular systems such as apoptosis, the antioxidant defense system, immune response, and cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we briefly overview the potential of marine sterols against the pathology of AD and provide an insight into their pharmacological mechanisms. We also highlight technological advances that may lead to the potential application of marine sterols in the prevention and therapy of AD. 相似文献
68.
Masaru Terasaki Bhaskar Narayan Hiroyuki Kamogawa Masatoshi Nomura Nimish Mol Stephen Chikara Kawagoe 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):468-479
An improved multi-step gradient reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to simultaneously separate major carotenoids from natural as well as food samples was developed. Quantitative profiling of carotenoid compounds was carried out on three edible brown seaweeds (Sargassum horneri, Cystoseira hakodatensis, and Undaria pinnatifida) and three red seaweeds (Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Grateloupia asiatica, and Grateloupia livida). Fucoxanthin (Fx) was detected in all the brown seaweeds with quantities (mg g?1 dry weight [dwt]) ranging from 1.3 ± 0.3 in C. hakodatensis to 2.4 ± 0.1 in S. horneri. U. pinnatifida, commonly known as wakame, had a Fx content of 2.3 ± 0.1 mg g?1 dwt. In the case of red seaweeds, zeaxanthin (Zx) was the major carotenoid, and G. vermiculophylla had the highest Zx content (80.2 μg g?1 dwt) among the red seaweeds apart from small amounts of Fx (9.1 μg g?1 dwt). Similarly, the other two species of red seaweeds, G. asiatica and G. livida, contained (μg g?1 dwt) lutein (Lut), Fx, and Zx as the major carotenoids (G. asiatica: Lut 10.4, Fx 1.5, Zx 1.1; G. livida: Lut 9.3, Fx 3.5, Zx 1.0). The results suggest the usefulness of edible varieties (barring wakame) of seaweeds as dietary sources of carotenoids. 相似文献
69.
Jeffrey Gillespie Narayan Nyaupane Robert Boucher 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3):250-265
Louisiana State University Agricultural Center cost estimates for single-crop crawfish production costs are analyzed for the period, 1991–2010, to determine changes in the cost components of Louisiana crawfish production. Fuel costs have contributed the most and fixed expenses the least to increased production costs, with total expenses per acre increasing by an average of 3.8% per year if land is not included and by 3.6% per year if land is included. Crawfish prices have varied greatly over the period, ranging from $0.50/lb in 1993 to $1.75/lb in 2000. Production practices used by Louisiana crawfish producers are highly variable, creating challenges for estimating representative production cost estimates. 相似文献
70.