Earthworms can modify effects of hydrochar on growth of Plantago lanceolata and performance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi     

Mohamed Salem  Josef Kohler  Susanne Wurst  Matthias C. Rillig 《Pedobiologia》2013,56(4-6):219-224

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a method to produce carbonized material at relatively low temperatures (180–250 °C) under pressure and aqueous conditions. The product is called hydrochar and can be used as a soil amendment. However, applied in high dosages it may have detrimental effects on plants or soil biota. The potential impact of hydrochar amendment on beneficial soil organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and earthworms and their interactions are not well understood. The goal of the present study was to determine effects of hydrochar on plant growth and soil biota and to evaluate interactions of earthworms and hydrochar on plant and AMF performance and to identify underlying mechanisms. In a greenhouse experiment, we investigated the effect of hydrochar at different addition rates (control, 1% and 10%, v/v) with or without the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa on the growth of Plantago lanceolata L. and the performance of its AMF. We observed a positive interaction between earthworms and 10% hydrochar on shoot and root biomass: added as a single treatment hydrochar had a negative effect on plant growth at this dosage, but plant biomass increased significantly when hydrochar was added together with earthworms. Root colonization by AMF increased significantly with increasing concentration of hydrochar, but was not affected by earthworms. Contrastingly, extraradical hyphal length of AMF was reduced by earthworms, but not affected by hydrochar. Thus, hydrochar and earthworms affected the performance of AMF, albeit of different AMF structures and in different directions. Our results indicate that earthworms may play an important role in alleviating the negative impacts of high dosages of hydrochar on plant growth; such interactions should move into focus of future research on potential effects of HTC materials.  相似文献   

Combined Effects of Nutrient and Pesticide Management on Soil Microbial Activity in Hybrid Rice Double Annual Cropping System     

XIE Xiao-mei LIAO Min LIU Wei-ping Susanne KLOSE 《水稻科学》2004,11(1)

Combined effects on soil microbial activity of nutrient and pesticide management in hybrid rice double annual cropping system were studied. Results of field experiment demonstrated significant changes in soil microbial biomass phospholipid contents,abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria, electron transport system (ETS)/dehydrogenase activity, soil protein contents under different management practices and at various growth stages. Marked depletions in the soil microbial biomass phospholipid contents were found with the advancement of crop growth stages, while the incorporation of fertilizers and/or pesticides also induced slight changes, and the lowest microbial biomass phospholipid content was found with pesticides application alone. A decline in the bacterial abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria was observed during the continuance of crop growth, while the lowest abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria was found with pesticides application alone, which coincided with the decline of soil microbial biomass. A consistent increase in the electron transport system activity was measured during the different crop growth stages of rice. The use of fertilizers (NPK) alone or combined with pesticides increased it, while a decline was noticed with pesticides application alone as compared with the control.The soil protein content was found to be relatively stable with fertilizers and/or pesticides application at various growth stages in both crops undertaken, but notable changes were detected at different growth stages.  相似文献   

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE NORMAL AND DISEASED FELINE MIDDLE EAR     

Ingrid  Allgoewer  DVM  Susanne  Lucas  DVM  Stephan Albert  Schmitz  MD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(5):413-418

The magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the feline middle ear is described in three healthy cats and in five cats with middle ear disease. Owing to the good spatial resolution, multiplanar slice orientation as well as display high contrast resolution of soft tissue, in particular fluids, MR imaging was helpful prior to surgery. It is superior to radiography which failed to allow identification of the abnormality in two of our five cats. MR imaging for middle ear disease should include dorsal and transverse plane images using T1- and T2-weighted sequences. In the presence of a mass within the bulla or the external ear canal application of contrast medium is helpful.  相似文献   

Combined Effects of Nutrient and Pesticide Management on Soil Microbial Activity in Hybrid Rice Double Annual Cropping System     

XIEXiao-mei LIAOMin LIUWei-ping SusanneKLOSE 《水稻科学》2004,11(3):140-146

Combined effects on soil microbial activity of nutrient and pesticide management in hybrid rice double annual cropping system were studied. Results of field experiment demonstrated significant changes in soil microbial biomass phospholipid contents, abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria, electron transport system (ETS)/dehydrogenase activity, soil protein contents under different management practices and at various growth stages. Marked depletions in the soil microbial biomass phospholipid contents were found with the advancement of crop growth stages, while the incorporation of fertilizers and/or pesticides also induced slight changes, and the lowest microbial biomass phospholipid content was found with pesticides application alone. A decline in the bacterial abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria was observed during the continuance of crop growth, while the lowest abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria was found with pesticides application alone, which coincided with the decline of soil microbial biomass. A consistent increase in the electron transport system activity was measured during the different crop growth stages of rice. The use of fertilizers (NPK) alone or combined with pesticides increased it, while a decline was noticed with pesticides application alone as compared with the control. The soil protein content was found to be relatively stable with fertilizers and/or pesticides application at various growth stages in both crops undertaken, but notable changes were detected at different growth stages.  相似文献   

Genetic differentiation between subpopulations of Swedish mountain (Fjäll and Fjällnära) cattle     

Anna M. Johansson  Maulik Upadhyay  Erling Strandberg  Susanne Eriksson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2020,69(1-2):39-46

ABSTRACT

The Swedish Mountain (Fjäll) cattle and the subpopulation Fjällnära originates from northern Sweden. They are differentiated from both traditional and commercial cattle from southern Sweden. We analysed data from the GGP HD150k SNP array and investigated genetic diversity and differences between Fjäll and Fjällnära, and between different groups of Fjällnära. We found that the Fjällnära can be divided into four groups, which are differentiated from each other and from the other Fjäll cattle. We also compared allele frequencies between different groups of Fjäll and Fjällnära for some of the functional SNPs included in the SNP array. Interestingly, the B allele of Beta lactoglobulin has a very high frequency (94%) in the Fjällnära cattle, which is significantly different from the frequency in the Fjäll cattle (60%). Comparing older samples of Fjäll cattle with more recent samples, we found a significant increase in the frequency of the B allele in Fjäll cattle.  相似文献   

Das antioxidative System der Fichte: Einfluß von verschiedenen Streßfaktoren     

J. Schittenhelm  S. Westphal  Susanne Toder  E. Wagner 《European Journal of Forest Research》1993,112(1):240-250

Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkungen verschiedener Stre?faktoren auf das antioxidative System wurden in sechsj?hrigen Klonfichten untersucht. überflutung und Dunkelheit hatten nur geringen Einflu?. Im Gegensatz dazu wirkten sich die Stre?faktoren Trockenheit, K?lte, Starklicht und sehr hohe Ozonkonzentrationen stark auf das antioxidative System aus. Die Effekte waren jedoch nicht einheitlich, sondern waren je nach Stre?faktor unterschiedlich. Dies wird als ein Hinweis dafür gewertet, da? die Sch?den bei diesen Stre?faktoren durch unterschiedliche toxische Sauerstoffspezies entstehen und da? sich die Sch?den unter Freilandbedingungen synergistisch verst?rken k?nnen.

---

The antioxidative system of Norway spruce: Effects of different stress factors

Summary The effects of different stress factors on the antioxidative system of 6-year-old Norway spruces of the same clone were examined. Flooding and permanent darkness had only minor effects. On the other hand drought, chilling, intense light, and very high ozone concentrations showed strong but distinct consequences. This indicates that the damages by these stress factors are due to different toxic oxygen species, and that the stress factors could produce synergistic damages under natural field conditions.

  相似文献   

Concurrent pituitary and adrenocortical lesions on computed tomography imaging in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism     

Kirsten L. van Bokhorst  Hans S. Kooistra  Susanne A.E.B. Boroffka  Sara Galac 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):72-78

  相似文献   

Effects of drought‐stressed temperate forage legumes on the degradation and the rumen microbial community in vitro     

Susanne Riede  Carola Lindig  Hansjrg Abel  Bettina Tonn  Johannes Isselstein  Gerhard Breves 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(2):436-446

According to climate change scenarios, central Europe may expect extending drought periods during summer. Lower water availability may influence the ruminal digestion of individual forage legume species differently. To test this hypothesis, Lotus corniculatus L. (var. Bull), Medicago lupulina L. (var. Ekola), Medicago falcata L. (wild seeds) and Trifolium repens L. (var. Rivendel) were each grown in parallel lots of control and drought‐stressed monocultures. Rainout shelters (installed in May 2011 on a regrowth after first cut until harvest in mid of June) withheld rainfall of 40 mm in the drought stress treatment. Samples of dried (60°C) and milled (5 mm screen) forage legumes were incubated in a simulation experiment using Rusitec to assess drought effects on parameters for microbial metabolism. Degradability of dry matter and organic matter as well as methane production decreased in incubations with drought‐stressed compared to control variants of legume species. Degradability of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and residual organic matter including non‐fibre carbohydrates and lipids were affected by interactions between drought stress and species. Significant interactions were also found for ammonia concentrations, molar SCFA proportions and the microbial communities. It is concluded that drought stress for growing forage legumes influences their ruminal degradation and fermentation as well as the ruminal microbial communities of Bacteria and Archaea differently in a legume species‐dependent manner.  相似文献   

Untersuchungen zur Lagerung von Erdbeeren unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Verpackungsmaterialien     

Dennis Dannehl  Susanne Huyskens-Keil  Uwe Schmidt 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2008,50(2):49-61

In order to reduce the loss of quality of freshly harvested strawberries during storage, the effects of different packaging materials were examined with regard to storage time and temperature regime (20°C with relative humidity 75%, 4°C with relative humidity 88%). Strawberry containers (500?g) were used differing in form, alignment and number of ventilation openings, top and material. It was found that a drop in temperature to 4°C preserved the quality of strawberries longer in all packaging variants. Nevertheless, the used packaging material had different effects on the quality parameters. The packaging material made of polypropylene, which was closed with a lid and was equipped only with little ventilation openings, yielded the best results, e.?g. the transpiration losses were strongly reduced, thus favouring the preservation of pulp consistency and colour stability of the fruits. On the other hand, the fresh mass during storage was reduced by the materials polyethylenterephthalat, polyactid and groundwood. The quality loss was less dependent on the material, but more dependent on the number of ventilation openings. The results showed that with increasing numbers of ventilation openings the transpiration losses increased and the consistency and colour stability of the fruits decreased. In this context, a strong reduction of pathogenic infestation in relation to the ventilation openings could not be observed. As such, the loss of freshness was lowest with the packaging material of polypropylene, followed by the polyethylenterephthalat, polyactid and groundwood. Moreover, it was found that the kind of packaging material and the ventilation openings had an effect on the amount of pressure marks and the discharge of cell sap of the strawberries. The uneven ground surface of the materials made of polyethylenterephthalat and polyactid increased the punctual pressure on the strawberry fruits, which led to pressure marks and injuries of the fruit surface. Sharp-edged ventilation openings close to the ground surface of these variants favoured injuries and cell sap discharges of the packaging.  相似文献   

Ermittlung des Selektivitätskoeffizienten für MB im Vergleich mit Ca-, K- und H-Ionen beider Adsorption an die Tonminerale Bentonit,Illit und Kaolinit     

Susanne Markert 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):521-536

  相似文献