Follicular dynamics and changes in oestradiol‐17β, progesterone and LH profiles following PGF2α induced oestrus in early and late ovulating Beetal goats     

Ali Murtaza  Waqas Ahmad  Tariq Sohail  Muhammad Irfan‐ur‐Rehman Khan  Imran Mohsin  Muhammad Shahzad  Mujahid Hussain  Muhammad Zahid Tahir  Muhammad Ijaz 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(3):545-550

This study compares the factors associated with variable interval to oestrus and ovulation between early versus late ovulating goats following PGF_2α administration. The time of ovulation in Beetal goats (n = 38) was monitored through transrectal ultrasound at every 6 hr following a single dose of PGF_2α (experiment 1). Variations in oestrus and ovulation times were further explored through the changes in follicular dynamics, endocrine profiles and behaviour in another set of goats (n = 13) following single PGF_2α given randomly during the luteal phase (experiment 2). The ovulation time varied between 60 and 96 hr, and 57% of ovulations occurred by 72 hr following PGF_2α (experiment 1). Accordingly, the goats (n = 13) in the second experiment were retrospectively divided either into early and/or late ovulating, that is, ≤72 and/or ≥84 hr following PGF_2α. The onset of oestrus, peak estradiol‐17β concentration and LH surge after PGF_2α was first observed in early than late ovulating goats (p < 0.05). The goats ovulating early had larger follicle and smaller CL in diameter at the time of PGF_2α administration than those ovulating late (5.4 ± 0.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2 mm and 10 ± 0.6 vs. 11.8 ± 0.3 mm, respectively; p < 0.05). Likewise, plasma progesterone concentration tended to be lower (p = 0.087) in early than late ovulating goats. In conclusion, the size of dominant follicle and CL at the time of PGF_2a determines the interval to ovulation following a single dose of PGF_2a during the luteal phase.  相似文献   

The first report on serotyping of bluetongue virus in small ruminants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province,Pakistan     

Malik  Amir Iftikhar  Ijaz  Muhammad  Yaqub  Tahir  Shabir  Muhammad Zubair  Avais  Muhammad  Ghaffar  Awais  Ali  Ahmad  Farooqi  Shahid Hussain  Mehmood  Khalid 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(4):977-982

Bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of Orbivirus genus (family Reoviridae), is a non-contagious infection of domestic and wild ruminants. The current study was designed to detect various serotypes of BTV in small ruminants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan, along with their effects on hemato-biochemical parameters. A total of 408 serum samples in four districts (Mansehra, Abbottabad, Swabi, and Kohat) of KPK from small ruminants were screened based on competitive ELISA (cELISA). A total of 204 (50%) samples were found positive for BTV group–specific antibodies. The seropositive samples were processed for the detection of BTV serotypes through real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Out of 204 cELISA-positive samples, 60 (29.41%) were found positive through qPCR. Three serotypes [6, 8, 9] were detected from Mansehra District and two from Kohat [2, 8] and Abbottabad [6, 8], while only one from Swabi [8]. The serotype “8” was found consistently in all the four study districts. A significant (p?<?0.05) increase in the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was recorded in goats, whereas aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in sheep infected with BTV, compared to healthy animals. The hematological parameters showed significantly (p?<?0.05) raised total leucocyte count (TLC) in both sheep and goats, whereas only hematocrit (HCT) value was increased significantly (p?<?0.05) in infected sheep. This is the first report on serotyping of BTV among small ruminants in Pakistan.

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Comparative evaluation of different therapeutic protocols for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Himalayan Pashmina goats     

Yatoo  Mohd. Iqbal  Parray  Oveas Raffiq  Mir  Muheet  Bhat  Riyaz Ahmed  Malik  Hamid Ullah  Fazili  Mujeeb ur Rehman  Qureshi  Sabia  Mir  Masood Salim  Yousuf  Raja Wasim  Tufani  Noor Alam  Dhama  Kuldeep  Bashir  Shah Tauseef 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(8):2127-2137

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Therapeutic management of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia (CCPP) involves mostly the use of oxytetracycline followed by enrofloxacin and rarely tylosin. In...  相似文献   

A validated mechanistic model of carrot (Daucus carota L.) growth     

S.I. Hussain  P. Hadley  S. Pearson 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

A mechanistic model of carrot vegetative and root development was constructed. This model determined canopy photosynthesis over a day, assimilates were then partitioned into either roots or leaves via temperature dependent partitioning coefficients. Assimilates were lost via terms describing growth and maintenance respiration. The model was calibrated on data from four different carrot cultivars, originating from the UK (Autumn King), Syria (Carrot_S), Poland (Dolanka) and Russia (Hibinskaja), grown in controlled environment glasshouse compartments at one of six temperatures (9–30 °C) repeated over three sowing dates. Calibration of the model showed that it could account for between 83 and 95% of the variance in carrot plant and root dry weights. The model was then validated using independent data from the same cultivars of carrots grown in the field at Reading. In this instance, the model accounted for 75 and 79% of the variance in plant and root weight, respectively. Two other independent data sets were used to validate the model, including carrot of a different cultivar (Panther) grown in phytotrons at temperatures between 9 and 21 °C, at two different locations and over a three sowing dates. In this instance, the model accounted for between 63 and 69% of the variance in root weight. The model also predicted that if ambient carbon dioxide levels increased from 348 to 551 μmol mol⁻¹, root dry weight would increase by 12%, which is within the margin of error of the experimental value of 16% reported in the literature. The model can therefore be used to study the potential impacts of global climate change on carrot production, as well as to rapidly predict whether germplasm is suited to any particular environment.  相似文献   

Prediction of Major Agricultural Fruits Production in Pakistan by Using an Econometric Analysis and Machine Learning Technique     

Abdul Rehman  Zhang Deyuan  Imran Hussain  Muhammad Shahid Iqbal  Yang Yang  Luan Jingdong 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2018,18(4):445-461

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to use an econometric analysis to investigate the relationship between agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP) and variables such as apple, citrus, pears, grape and banana in Pakistan; data were explored from 1980 to 2015; we used time series data collected from secondary sources, including the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Year Books and the Economic Survey of Pakistan. Data were analyzed by using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, and results were interpreted by using the Johansen co-integration test. The machine learning technique was used to examine and predict the future agricultural productivity in Pakistan. We found that output of banana, citrus and pears had a positive and significant influence on AGDP, whereas apples and grapes had a negative but insignificant influence on AGDP.  相似文献   

Prediction of Ripening Stage of Cameo Apple Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy     

S. Hazarika  R. L Hebb  Syed S. H Rizvi 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2018,18(2):188-198

ABSTRACT

Traditionally, farmers determine when a crop is ready for harvest by observing sensible attributes. They inspect the color or other physical observables which their crops exhibit and make decisions based on these observations and their past experience. This research presents for the first time a mathematical method employing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to quantify the maturation or ripeness of Cameo apple based on the changes in concentrations of selected constituent components (e.g., glucose) in the apple fruit. Cameo apple fruit samples were collected from a single tree every 15 days during the last 60 days of the apple fruit maturation cycle and then analyzed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The vibrational bands from the Fourier-transform infrared spectra were assigned to specific functional group. The peak intensities of the vibrational bands corresponding to glucose molecule were normalized and plotted against the number of days remaining before the apple fruit maturity and were observed to show a linear relationship. This relationship can be used to calculate the time required for the apple fruit to reach maturity and also to calculate the concentration of constituent components at any stage of its growth cycle.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and mammary residual depletion of erythromycin in healthy lactating ewes     

Goudah A  Sher Shah S  Shin HC  Shim JH  Abd El-Aty AM 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2007,54(10):607-611

The aim of this investigation was to examine the pharmacokinetics and mammary excretion of erythromycin administered to lactating ewes (n = 6) by the intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. Blood and milk samples were collected at pre-determined times, and a microbiological assay method was used to measure erythromycin concentrations in serum and milk. The concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental and non-compartmental kinetic methods. The serum concentration-time data of erythromycin were fit to a two-compartment model after i.v. administration and a one-compartment model with first-order absorption after i.m. and s.c. administration. The elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)) was 4.502 +/- 1.487 h after i.v. administration, 4.874 +/- 0.296 h after i.m. administration and 6.536 +/- 0.151 h after s.c. administration. The clearance value (Cl tot) after i.v. dosing was 1.292 +/- 0.121 l/h/kg. After i.m. and s.c. administration, observed peak erthyromycin concentrations (Cmax) of 0.918 +/- 0.092 microg/ml and 0.787 +/- 0.010 microg/ml were achieved at 0.75 and 1.0 h (Tmax) respectively. The bioavailability obtained after i.m. and s.c. administration was 91.178 +/- 10.232% and 104.573 +/- 9.028% respectively. Erythromycin penetration from blood to milk was quick for all the routes of administration, and the high AUC milk/AUC serum (1.186, 1.057 and 1.108) and Cmax-milk/Cmax-serum ratios reached following i.v., i.m. and s.c. administration, respectively, indicated an extensive penetration of erythromycin into the milk.  相似文献   

Soil sodicity as a result of periodical drought     

S.E.A.T.M. van der Zee  S.H.H. Shah  C.G.R. van Uffelen  P.A.C. Raats  N. dal Ferro 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(1):41-49

Soil sodicity development is a process that depends nonlinearly on both salt concentration and composition of soil water. In particular in hot climates, soil water composition is subject to temporal variation due to dry–wet cycles. To investigate the effect of such cycles on soil salinity and sodicity, a simple root zone model is developed that accounts for annual salt accumulation and leaching periods. Cation exchange is simplified to considering only Ca/Na exchange, using the Gapon exchange equation. The resulting salt and Ca/Na-balances are solved for a series of dry/wet cycles with a standard numerical approach. Due to the nonlinearities in the Gapon equation, the fluctuations of soil salinity that may be induced, e.g. by fluctuating soil water content, affect sodicity development. Even for the case that salinity is in a periodic steady state, where salt concentrations do not increase on the long term, sodicity may still grow as a function of time from year to year. For the longer term, sodicity, as quantified by Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), approaches a maximum value that depends on drought and inflowing water quality, but not on soil cation exchange capacity. Analytical approaches for the salinity and sodicity developing under such fluctuating regimes appear to be in good agreement with numerical approximations and are very useful for checking numerical results and anticipating changes in practical situations.  相似文献   

Rheological Properties of Full-Formula Doughs Derived from Near-Isogenic 1BL/1RS Translocation Lines     

A. Hussain  O. M. Lukow  B. M. Watts  R. I. H. McKenzie 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(3):242-248

Four pairs of near-isogenic wheat lines, with and without the 1BL/1RS translocation, and differing at the Glu-1 loci (coding for high molecular weight [HMW] glutenin subunits) were evaluated for their dough mixing properties, dough stickiness, and baking performance. In all 1BL/1RS translocation lines, weakening of the dough consistency occurred within 2 min past peak time. The full-formula dough from every 1BL/1RS translocation line exhibited poor dough mixing characteristics and increased stickiness compared to the corresponding wheat control. The HMW glutenin subunits coded by the Glu-A1 locus had no apparent effect on mixing properties, but did have a slight effect on the dough stickiness at two of the four stages of dough mixing. Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci encoded glutenin subunits produced significant changes in dough mixing properties and dough stickiness, respectively. With respect to baking performance, there was no significant difference between loaf volumes of 1BL/1RS versus control wheats for three of four near-isogenic pairs. Within the 1RS-group, the translocation lines containing HMW glutenin subunits 5+10 produced bread with greater loaf volumes than the pairs containing its allelic counterpart 2+12. Loaf volume was not influenced by the subunits associated with the Glu-B1 loci. In general, the breads baked from 1BL/1RS translocation lines had a relatively poor crumb and crust quality and contained larger gas cells than the wheat controls. In comparing isogenic pairs, the magnitude of the difference in loaf volume between the control wheat and the corresponding 1BL/1RS translocation line was greater in the pair unique for HMW subunits 5+10; the difference was primarily due to the stronger mixing properties of the wheat control.  相似文献   

Effect of triploidization on juvenile African catfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Clarias gariepinus</Emphasis>)     

A. Karami  A. Christianus  Z. Ishak  S. C. Courtenay  M. A. Syed  M. Noor Azlina  H. Noorshinah 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(5):851-858

Triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) produced through cold shock 3 min post fertilization were compared to diploid offspring of the same parentage at 66 days of age. Triploid fish were significantly shorter (11%) and weighed less (18%) than diploids but showed no significant difference in mortality or cannibalism, which can be an important source of losses under aquaculture conditions. Erythrocytes of triploid fish were more oval shaped than the normal spherical shape of diploid erythrocytes, were significantly larger (38%) and had nuclei that were significantly larger (25%) than observed in diploid fish. Erythrocyte morphological characteristics show potential as an indicator for the detection of triploidy in African catfish.  相似文献