A molecular modeling approach applied to a study of the photochromic behaviour of screen printed protein and polyamide substrates     

Shah M. Reduwan Billah  Robert M. Christie  Keith M. Morgan 《Fibers and Polymers》2011,12(6):701-705

A specifically-synthesized water-soluble photochromic acid dye has been applied by screen printing on to silk, wool and nylon. The influence of processing parameters and the nature of the substrate on the photochromic response of the printed materials has been evaluated using specifically-developed colour measurement methodology. The printed substrates show photochromic colour change from weakly coloured to an intense blue colour under sunlight or UV irradiation. In most cases, the photochromic colour build up is higher on wet substrates than after drying. Computer aided molecular modelling techniques have been used to explain aspects of the photochromic behaviour.  相似文献   

Molecular markers for the identification of resistance genes and marker-assisted selection in breeding wheat for leaf rust resistance     

Gyula Vida  Mariann Gál  Andrea Uhrin  Ottó Veisz  Naeem Hasan Syed  Andrew J. Flavell  Zhulin Wang  Zoltán Bedő 《Euphytica》2009,170(1-2):67-76

The resistance genes Lr9, Lr24, Lr25, Lr29, Lr35 and Lr37, which were not previously utilised in Hungary, have been incorporated into four Martonvásár winter wheat cultivars using marker-assisted selection with PCR-based markers. In the course of a backcross programme, the genes were transferred into Martonvásár wheat varieties and various BC generations were produced. Work aimed at pyramiding resistance genes is currently underway in Martonvásár, and plants containing the gene combinations Lr9 + Lr24, Lr9 + Lr25 and Lr9 + Lr29 are now available. From the BC₂F₄ generation of the ‘Mv Emma’*3/’R.L.6010’ combination (‘R.L.6010’ is the donor of the Lr9 gene) 287 lines were tested for leaf rust resistance in an artificially inoculated nursery. A co-dominant primer combination was designed to identify both resistant and susceptible offsprings. The results of resistance tests and molecular marker detection agreed in most cases. Designated leaf rust resistance genes were identified with molecular markers in wheat varieties and breeding lines. The Lr26 and Lr34 resistance genes occur frequently in the Martonvásár gene pool, and the presence of the Lr37 gene has also been detected in a number of Hungarian genotypes.  相似文献   

砂姜黑土玉米秸秆有机碳的矿化特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张丽娟  常江  蒋丽娜  徐姗  章力千 《中国农业科学》2011,44(17):3575-3583

 【目的】探讨不同温度（10℃、20℃、30℃）、不同秸秆加入量（秸秆全量和过量）条件下,玉米秸秆还田对土壤有机碳矿化特征及其环境因子的响应机制。【方法】采用室内恒温控湿好气培养试验,对安徽淮北砂姜黑土在不同温度（10℃、20℃、30℃）条件下,设置50 g土样中加秸秆0.3 g（处理Ⅰ）、1.5 g（处理Ⅱ）、3.0 g（处理Ⅲ）及不加秸秆（CK）的处理,进行240 d的矿化培养。【结果】温度对有机碳矿化影响显著,在对照（CK）和秸秆加入量相同的处理中,有机碳的矿化累积量均随温度（10—30℃）升高而增加;温度较低（＜20℃）时,CK、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ各处理的有机碳矿化温度系数（Q10）平均值约为1.229、1.251、1.572、1.399,温度较高（＞20℃）时,CK、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的Q10平均值约1.006、1.249、1.401、1.374,Q10值在温度较低时大于温度较高时,说明低温条件下,有机碳矿化速率对升温更敏感。同一温度条件下,不同处理秸秆加入量越大,有机碳矿化累积量越高,有机碳矿化的日变化量也越大。本试验中,一级动力学方程能较好地描述了不同处理土壤有机碳的矿化累积动态。土壤有机碳的潜在矿化量（C0）随温度变化不明显,在同一温度条件下,秸秆加入量越大,C0值越大。【结论】一级动力学方程能较好地描述不同处理土壤有机碳的矿化累积动态。不同温度、不同秸秆还田量及温度和秸秆还田量的交互作用,对玉米秸秆矿化过程中土壤有机碳含量的影响均达到显著水平。  相似文献   

Quantitative analysis of minerals and electric conductivity of red grape homogenates by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy     

D. Cozzolino  W. CynkarN. Shah  P. Smith 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,77(1):81-85

The use of near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy to measure the concentration of minerals and electric conductivity (EC) in red grape homogenates was investigated. Wine grape samples (n = 209) from two vintages, representing a wide range of varieties and regions were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICPOES) for the concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) and scanned in reflectance in a NIR instrument (400-2500 nm). The spectra were pre-processed using multiple scatter correction (MSC) before developing the calibration models using partial least squares (PLS) regression and cross validation. Coefficients of determination in cross validation (R²) and the standard errors of cross validation (SECV) obtained were for Fe (0.60 and 1.49 mg kg⁻¹), Mn (0.71 and 0.41 mg kg⁻¹), Ca (0.75 and 60.89 mg kg⁻¹), Mg (0.84 and 12.93 mg kg⁻¹), K (0.78 and 285.34 mg kg⁻¹), P (0.70 and 40.19 mg kg⁻¹), S (0.88 and 14.45 mg kg⁻¹) and EC (0.87 and 7.66 mS). The results showed that Mg, S and EC in grape berries might be measured by NIR reflectance spectroscopy.  相似文献   

Supplementation effect(s) of organic acids and/or lipid to plant protein‐based diets on juvenile yellowtail,Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck et Schlegel 1845, growth and,nitrogen and phosphorus excretion     

Md. Shah Alam Sarker  Shuichi Satoh  Keisuke Kamata  Yutaka Haga  Yoshihiro Yamamoto 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(4):538-545

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of organic acids and/or lipid supplementation on growth, utilization and environmental loading of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in juvenile yellowtail fed fishmeal (FM) and plant protein (PP) diets. Six diets as FM (FM‐based), FM+P (FM with inorganic P), FM+L (FM with lipid), PP+CA (PP with citric acid), PP+L+CA (PP with lipid and citric acid) and PP+L+FA (PP with formic acid) were formulated. Yellowtails were fed each of the diets in duplicate groups; once a day, 6 days a week to near satiation at water temperature 19.0–25.0 °C for 16 weeks. Fishmeal with inorganic P gave the best growth while PP+L+FA the lowest. However, growth increased in PP+CA and PP+L+CA. Addition of lipid significantly increased N and P retention resulting in significant reduction in N and P excretion. Citric acid and FA supplementation to PP diets also increased retention of P; hence, its excretion was lowered. Thus, CA, FA and lipid in juvenile yellowtail diets can help to partially replace FM with PP sources and reduce inorganic P use to minimize environmental loading from aquafeeds.  相似文献   

Genetic model analysis on seedling and maturity traits in wheat under rainfed conditions     

Shahid Iqbal Awan  Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed  Jehanzeb Farooq  Syed Dilnawaz Ahmad  Muhammad Ilyas  Asad Hussain Shah  Muhammad Fareed Khan  Sardar Ali  Lutful Hasan 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2011,5(4):486-496

An experiment was conducted to access the genetic variability among early vigour and quantitative traits under limited moisture in F₂ generation of a 5 × 5 diallel cross of bread wheat. The results indicated that there was significant genotypic variation among the genotypes. Additive dominance model revealed full fitness of the data for RL, DSW, FRW, DRW, spike length, and 1000-grain weight but was partially fit for SL, FSW, R/S, tillers per seedling, plant height, tillers per plant, spikelets per spike, and grain yield per plant. The partially adequate models for these plant characters might be due to the presence of non-allelic interaction, linkage, and non-independent distribution of the genes in the parents. Additive genes coupled with moderate to high narrow sense heritability were involved in the heritage of all the traits, which indicated a higher scope of selection in early generations.  相似文献   

Assessing the ‘true impact’ of development assistance in the Gaza Strip and Tokelau: ‘Most Significant Change’ as an evaluation technique     

Ritesh Shah 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2014,55(3):262-276

The democratic evaluative tradition has sought to change evaluation practice towards approaches and techniques that generate diverse forms of knowledge and foster public deliberation over a programme's merit and worth. This paper locates one evaluation method, ‘Most Significant Change’ (MSC), within this tradition. Drawing on two different evaluations – one, of a comprehensive economic sector assistance package to the Government of Tokelau, and the other of a psychosocial and academic support intervention for pre‐adolescent children in conflict‐affected regions of the Gaza Strip – the paper provides evidence of how MSC can capture unexpected outcomes, act as a tool for real‐time formative learning, and expose the competing theories, logics and values behind programme activity. The examples within the paper also provide evidence of how MSC begins to redistribute traditional power relationships in assessing the merit and worth of observed impacts by increasing the legitimacy of local programme knowledge, and engaging all parties in evaluative decisions. By doing so, MSC, the paper argues, better serves the purposes of learning, improvement and mutual accountability which should sit at the core of good development practice.  相似文献   

Russell's Viper Envenomation-Associated Addisonian Crisis     

Subramanian Senthilkumaran  Ritesh G. Menezes  Syed Ather Hussain  Sushil Allen Luis  Ponniah Thirumalaikolundusubramanian 《The Forestry Chronicle》2018,29(4):504-507

  相似文献   

Chemometric Methods to Predict of Pb in Urban Soil from Port Pirie,South Australia,using Spectrally Active of Soil Carbon     

Ali Al Maliki  Gary Owens  Hussain M Hussain  Saadi Al-Dahaan 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(11):1370-1383

A total of 73 soil samples were initially analyzed for lead (Pb) concentration as an indicator of the environment impact of smelter activity in the Port Pirie, South Australia. Chemometric techniques were used to assess the ability of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy to predict soil Pb using spectrally active soil characteristics such as soil carbon (C). The result indicated a strong linear relationship between log-transformed data of soil Pb and spectral reflectance in the range between 500 and 612 nm with R² = 0.54 and a low root-mean-square error (RMSE_v = 0.38) for the validation mode with an acceptable ratio of performance to deviation and ratio of error range (1.6 and 7.7, respectively). This study suggested that NIR spectroscopy based on auxiliary spectrally active components is a rapid and noninvasive assessment technique and has the ability to determine Pb contamination in urban soil to be useful in environmental health risk assessment.  相似文献   

Pseudomonas putida improved soil enzyme activity and growth of kasumbha under low input of mineral fertilizers     

Asia Nosheen  Humaira Yasmin  Rabia Naz  Asghari Bano  Rumana Keyani  Ishtiaq Hussain 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(4):520-525

Effective management of the nutrients and enzyme activity in the soil is necessary for maximum crop growth and productivity. However, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers (CFs) not only adversely affects the soil nutrient status and soil physicochemical properties but also aids pollution to the ecosystem. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of single as well as combined applications of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and agrochemicals on important soil enzyme activities and their impact on the growth of kasumbha (safflower). Pseudomonas putida (P. putida;10⁶ cells/mL) was applied as seed inoculation prior to sowing, and CFs were applied as full, half, and quarter doses during sowing to modulate the growth of kasumbha host plants. P. putida in combination with half dose of CFs (PH) increased the soil urease and phosphatase activities, while P. putida combined with quarter dose of CFs (PQ) augmented the soil invertase activities. Moreover, the PQ treatment exhibited the maximum colony-forming units of P. putida. Leaf chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein contents, and root lengths were increased by PH treatment. Whereas, shoot length and leaf area were improved by PH and PQ treatments, respectively. Leaf protease activity was enhanced by P. putida in combination with full dose of CFs and PQ treatments, while leaf phosphate contents were significantly improved by PQ treatment. It can be concluded that P. putida in combination with half as well as quarter doses of CFs is a promising approach for the improvement of soil enzyme activities and growth of kasumbha and replacing 50% of the use of CFs.  相似文献