Inheritance of resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</Emphasis> in tomato     

Kleyton Danilo da Silva Costa  Ana Maria Maciel dos Santos  Paulo Ricardo dos Santos  Maxwel Rodrigues Nascimento  Adriano Márcio Freire Silva  Greecy Mirian Rodrigues Albuquerque  Renata Oliveira Batista  Jacqueline Wanessa de Lima Pereira  José Luiz Sandes de Carvalho Filho 《Euphytica》2018,214(8):137

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Quantitative trait loci associated with trichomes in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum galapagense</Emphasis> accession LA1401     

Marcela Carvalho Andrade  Alex Antônio da Silva  Regis de Castro Carvalho  Juliana de Andrade Santiago  Alisson Marcel Souza de Oliveira  David Merrill Francis  Wilson Roberto Maluf 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(6):1671-1685

Pest resistance in Solanum galapagense has been associated with the presence of type IV glandular trichomes and allelochemicals. Knowledge of the genetic factors involved in determining the presence and type of trichomes may assist in the process of gene introgression for development of pest resistant tomato cultivars. In this study, we sought to identify QTLs associated with the presence of type IV trichomes in an F₂ population derived from the interspecific cross of Solanum lycopersicum TOM-684?×?S. galapagense accession LA1401. Two QTLs contributing to type IV trichome occurrence and density were detected, one major QTL (gal.IV-2), responsible for 35.22% of phenotypic variation, was located on chromosome 2. The other QTL (gal.IV-3) was located on chromosome 3, and explained 23.35% of the phenotypic variation in the F₂ population. These QTLs were responsible for 26.44 and 3.37% of the variation observed in a progeny derived from a backcross to TOM-684. The same QTLs were also associated with type II?+?III non-glandular trichomes, whose densities were negatively correlated to those of type IV trichomes, suggesting that the loci found may have pleiotropic effects for high type IV/low type II?+?III trichome densities. Our results indicate that the inheritance for type IV trichomes can be explained by a few genetic factors affecting the presence of a gland and the density of trichomes. These results further suggest a revision to trichome classification used for tomato may be appropriate.  相似文献   

Accompanying ions of ammonium sources and nitrate : ammonium ratios in tomato plants          下载免费PDF全文

Rafael Ferreira Barreto  Flávio José Rodrigues Cruz  Lucas Aparecido Gaion  Renato de Mello Prado  Rogério Falleiros Carvalho 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2018,181(3):382-387

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Micro‐Tom (MT) is widely used in physiological studies, but the effects of nitrate ( ) and ammonium ( ) ratios ( : ratios) and, in particular, the effects of the accompanying ions in sources are unknown. To determine whether the accompanying ions in sources influence toxicity, the effects of : ratios on the physiology, electrolyte leakage index, nutrition, and dry weight were studied using hydroponics. The sources were ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) or ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄], and five : ratios were used: 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, and 0 : 100. The source was calcium nitrate [Ca(NO₃)₂], and the nitrogen (N) concentration was 15 mmol L^?1. The results indicate that NH₄Cl or (NH₄)₂SO₄ can be used in studies on toxicity because the accompanying ions did not influence the tomato plants. In addition, : ratios of 100 : 0 and 75 : 25 resulted in the highest dry weight of tomato plants, whereas ratios of 25 : 75 or 0 : 100 were toxic.  相似文献   

Gender status effect on carcass and meat quality traits of feedlot Angus × Nellore cattle     

Lenise Freitas Mueller  Júlio Csar Carvalho Balieiro  Adrielle Matias Ferrinho  Taiane da Silva Martins  Rosana Ruegger Pereira da Silva Corte  Tamyres Rodrigues de Amorim  Joyce de Jesus Mangini Furlan  Fernando Baldi  Anglica Simone Cravo Pereira 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(8):1078-1089

The study evaluated the effect of gender status on carcass and meat quality of feedlot Angus × Nellore cattle. A total of 176 cattle, 20 months old, were confined for 190‐days and assigned to four treatments: bulls, immunocastrated, steers, and heifers. Bulls had greater rib eye area and HCW (p = 0.0001). Heifers had increased fat thickness (p = 0.0001). Steers and heifers had higher marbling scores (p = 0.0001). There was interaction between gender and aging time for Warner‐Bratzler Shear Force (p = 0.0002), L* (p = 0.0118), and b* (p = 0.0113) values of beef. The sensory panel results showed that beef from bulls had the lowest consumer overall acceptance (p = 0.0278). Especially, regardless tenderness, steers and immunocastrated beef were considered tender, independent of aging time. Beef produced by heifers, steers, and immunocastrated is considered to be of higher quality than bulls. Thus, it is may be an interesting alternative to produce high‐quality beef than bulls, to attend the consumer demand for high‐quality products. Additionally, the low fatty acids n6 levels and low n6:n3 ratio, high levels of CLA, MUFAs, and oleic acid suggests that the heifer meat is favorable for human health.  相似文献   

Effect of Sucrose on Starch Conversion and Glass Transition of Nonexpanded Maize and Wheat Extrudates     

C. W. P. Carvalho  J. R. Mitchell 《Cereal Chemistry》2001,78(3):342-348

Nonexpanded “half products” were prepared by twin‐screw extrusion of maize and wheat of fine and coarse particle size in three levels of sucrose, 0, 10, and 20% db. The degree of starch conversion in the extrudates was determined using X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and rapid viscosity analysis. Starch conversion was greater in the fine material compared with the coarse material and greater for wheat compared with maize. Sugar addition decreased starch conversion in all cases, but the effect was greater for maize compared with wheat and for the coarse material compared with the fine material. The thermal mechanical properties were studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis to determine the effect of sugar on the glass transition temperature (T_g) in the four different materials. As expected, the mechanically determined T_g was reduced by sugar addition. Water plasticized wheat semolina less than the other three materials. It was suggested that this was because the extruded semolina was entirely amorphous, whereas Xray analysis showed some crystallinity in the other three materials. Die swell was much less for maize grits possibly because elasticity decreased with decreasing starch conversion. The implications for the role of both water and sugar on the behavior of directly expanded extrudates are discussed.  相似文献   

Dam cascade in run-of-river systems promotes homogenisation of fish functional traits in a plateau river     

Douglas Ticiani  Crislei Larentis  Débora Reis de Carvalho  Ana Cristina Ribeiro  Rosilene Luciana Delariva 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2023,32(1):147-165

Impoundments caused by dams are often responsible for intense changes in physical, chemical, geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of rivers, and are one of the main causes in global freshwater biodiversity declines. When these changes derive from multiple cascading dams, the cumulative effect can amplify, causing more pronounced consequences than each individual reservoir, which may affect, among other factors, the biotic and functional conditions of fish fauna. We aim to evaluate the impact of dam cascades on fish functional diversity by applying trait-based analysis. We evaluate the functional attributes (functional indices and community-weighted means of trait values) and environmental variables at 11 sites, which encompassed different segments affected by the hydroelectric plants (transition, reservoir, reduced discharge section and tributary) in the Antas River Basin dam cascade system located in southern Brazil. The spatial differences of the functional indices (richness, evenness, divergence, dispersion and diversity) as well as the weighted averages of each functional trait were tested through analysis of variance. The most affected functional characteristics were those related to habitat exploration by detritivorous species, especially the use of food resources and body shape, as well as the type of swimming movement. These traits were more representative at the most downstream site of the complex. Thus, our results suggest that the cascade of dams acts in the functional homogenisation of the ichthyofauna in the intermediate stretches, mainly reflecting physical changes in habitat.  相似文献