Polymorphisms in growth hormone gene and their associations with calf weight in Japanese Black cattle     

Takafumi ISHIDA  Ai UMEBAYASHI  Sinichi TSURUTA  Ryo AKASHI  Hiroshi HARADA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(6):623-629

The objectives of this study were to detect effective genetic polymorphisms of bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene associated with calf weight in Japanese Black cattle. Fifty‐eight sires and 47 breeding cows were used to detect the polymorphisms in exons by single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Four homozygous and six heterozygous SSCP genotypes were identified in exon 5. Although each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had been reported, these genotypes were caused by three SNPs at the nucleotide positions 2141, 2277 and 2291. Four haplotypes C‐C‐A, G‐C‐A, C‐C‐C and G‐T‐A were newly identified. It was suggested that other haplotypes not detected in this study may not exist, considering the allele frequencies reported in Bos taurus and Bos indicus, and the migrating process of native Japanese cattle. Thereafter, we examined associations between the detected polymorphic sites in exon 5 by PCR – restriction fragment length polymorphism and calf weight using 53 breeding dams and 135 calves. The birth weights of calves with haplotype G‐C‐A are significantly lighter and calves' weights produced by cows with such haplotype are also lighter at 30 days old, using regression analysis. Although further research is necessary, these results may serve as a useful criterion to select breeding stocks, especially in maternal abilities.  相似文献   

Pacific Russet: An early maturing, attractive russet cultivar with excellent culinary quality     

D. R. Lynch  L. M. Kawchuk  Q. Chen  J. Wahab  M. Konschuh  D. Waterer  J. Holley  D. K. Fujimoto  D. Driedger  H. Wolfe  L. Dunbar  P. Bains  P. McAllister 《American Journal of Potato Research》2004,81(4):235-241

Pacific Russet is a high-yielding, early maturing, oblong russet fresh market cultivar with excellent tuber appearance and culinary quality. In trials conducted in western Canada the yield of the new cultivar was generally superior to Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet, and Atlantic at 80, 90, and 110 days after planting. In the North Central Regional Variety Trial the yield of Pacific Russet exceeded that of Russet Norkotah in four of the eight sites in 2000 and three of the eight sites in 2001. In trials conducted in Ontario (Canada) Pacific Russet exceeded the yield of Goldrush at both sites in 2001 and in 2002 at two of the three sites that included both cultivars. External and internal defects occur at very low levels. The new cultivar is resistant to common scab and moderately resistant to Verticillium and Fusarium wilt, but susceptible to Fusarium dry rot and late blight (foliar). Pacific Russet shows clear foliar but not tuber symptoms when infected with bacterial ring rot.  相似文献   

Preventive effects of calcitriol on the development of capsular invasive carcinomas in a rat two-stage thyroid carcinogenesis model     

Kemmochi S  Fujimoto H  Woo GH  Hirose M  Nishikawa A  Mitsumori K  Shibutani M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(5):655-664

We have shown phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling activation in thyroid capsular invasive carcinomas (CICs), which are highly induced by promotion with sulfadimethoxine (SDM) in a rat 2-stage thyroid carcinogenesis model. To examine the potency of calcitriol, a synthetic vitamin D3 analog, on the development or progression of CICs, male F344 rats were injected with calcitriol (0.1 μg/kg body weight) three times a week intraperitoneally, during an entire period of SDM-promotion for 13 weeks (Experiment 1) or during the last 2 weeks of a 15-week SDM-promotion (Experiment 2). Initiation with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine preceded all treatments. In Experiment 1, long-term calcitriol treatment reduced the multiplicity of CICs, while cell proliferation activity, estimated by Ki-67 cell index in the induced CICs, was unchanged with SDM-promotion alone. Considering the strong dependency of promotion with SDM during the early stages on thyroid-stimulating hormone, the reduced multiplicity in Experiment 1 may be due to the effect on an early stage of neoplastic proliferation. Although the magnitude was mild, cell proliferation activity was decreased in existing CICs after short-term calcitriol treatment in Experiment 2, which was associated with a mild decrease in cyclin-dependent kinase-2-positive cells, cytoplasmic immunolocalization of phosphorylated, inactive, Rb protein and a mild increase in nucleocytoplasmic expression of p27(kip1). Although the effect was mild at the late stage of SDM-promotion in this hypothyroidism-related thyroid carcinogenesis model, our results suggest that calcitriol targets cell proliferation via inhibition of a molecular cascade downstream of PI3K/Akt signaling, controlling G1/S transition.  相似文献   

Molecular changes associated with adaptation of equine influenza H3N8 virus in embryonated chicken eggs     

Said AW  Kodani M  Usui T  Fujimoto Y  Ito T  Yamaguchi T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(4):545-548

Embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) are routinely used to isolate equine influenza virus. Propagation of the virus in ECEs results in selection of variants. In the present study, we determined nucleotide sequences of entire coding regions of parent A/equine/Tottori/1/07 (H3N8) and its derivatives that have different passage histories in ECE. After 12 passages, nucleotide sequence analysis predicted 3 amino acid substitutions in hemagglutinin (HA; 2 in HA1 and 1 in HA2). The two amino acid substitutions in HA1 were located in the vicinity of the cell receptor-binding site. Three other amino acid substitutions were predicted in internal proteins, 1 in the M1, 1 in the NP and 1 in the PA. This is the first report showing mutations in the internal protein genes of equine influenza virus associated with adaptation to ECE.  相似文献   

Expression and function of apoptosis initiator FOXO3 in granulosa cells during follicular atresia in pig ovaries     

Matsuda F  Inoue N  Maeda A  Cheng Y  Sai T  Gonda H  Goto Y  Sakamaki K  Manabe N 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(1):151-158

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Multi-locus sequence typing of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis strains in Japan between 1973 and 2004     

Tamie Noda  Koichi Murakami  Tetsuo Asai  Yoshiki Etoh  Tomoe Ishihara  Toshiro Kuroki  Kazumi Horikawa  Shuji Fujimoto 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):38

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) was responsible for a worldwide pandemic during the 1980s and 1990s; however, changes in the dominant lineage before and after this event remain unknown. This study determined S. Enteritidis lineages before and after this pandemic event in Japan using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Thirty S. Enteritidis strains were collected in Japan between 1973 and 2004, consisting of 27 human strains from individual episodes, a bovine strain, a liquid egg strain and an eggshell strain. Strains showed nine phage types and 17 pulsed-field profiles with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All strains had homologous type 11 sequences without any nucleotide differences in seven housekeeping genes. These MLST results suggest that S. Enteritidis with the diversities revealed by phage typing and pulsed-field profiling has a highly clonal population. Although type 11 S. Enteritidis may exhibit both pleiotropic surface structure and pulsed-field type variation, it is likely to be a stable lineage derived from an ancestor before the 1980s and/or 1990s pandemic in Japan.  相似文献   

AC Maple Gold: A High-yielding Yellow-fleshed French Fry Cultivar     

D. R. Lynch  L. M. Kawchuk  C. A. Schaupmeyer  J. Holley  D. K. Fujimoto  D. Driedger  T. R. Tarn  D. Waterer  J. Wahab  M. S. Goettel 《American Journal of Potato Research》2001,78(5):339-343

AC Maple Gold is a high-yielding oval/oblong, yellow-fleshed potato with an attractive appearance for the fresh market coupled with excellent french fry quality. The cultivar can be harvested early for french fry processing, but also maintains excellent fry quality during long-term storage. AC Maple Gold produces french fries with a uniform deep yellow color.  相似文献   

AC Glacier Chip: A High-yielding Chip Cultivar for Long-term Storage     

D. R. Lynch  M. S. Goettel  L. M. Kawchuk  D. K. Fujimoto  S. J. Peloquin  C. A. Schaupmeyer  J. Holley  D. Driedger  D. Waterer  J. Wahab 《American Journal of Potato Research》2001,78(5):327-332

AC Glacier Chip has a maincrop maturity, higher yields than Snowden and excellent quality (color and dry matter) for the chip industry. The tubers are oval and very uniform in size with white flesh. It performs best under irrigated conditions. AC Glacier Chip provides the industry with a high-yielding chip cultivar that produces excellent quality fried product out of the field and from long-term storage.  相似文献   

Dry heat popping of amaranth seed might damage some of its essential amino acids     

Luis Raul Tovar  E. Brito  T. Takahashi  T. Miyazawa  J. Soriano  K. Fujimoto 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(4):299-309

Amaranth was a major crop among the Aztecs. In Mexico the seed is popped and eaten with brown sugar. The crude protein content of the seed is 14±2% but its contents of lysine and tryptophan are 6.2 and 1.6 g/16 g N respectively. We developed a popping method based on a fluid bed system (FBS) whereas the traditional method (TM) is just to pop the seeds manually in a hot plate. Assays carried out were evaluation of racemization of the amaranth protein due to heat treatment, amino acid composition of the raw and heat treated seeds and a biological experiment testing whether leucine was the most limiting amino acid of amaranth protein. Male rats were fed both popped amaranths and roasted amaranth. Parboiled amaranth and casein were controls. The results were: (a) Lys, Arg and Cys were damaged in the heat treated seeds; (b) Asp, Met, Glu, Ala and Phe were racemized in that decreasing order in the seeds popped and roasted by the TM; (c) the estimated net protein retention (NPR) and estimated net protein utilization (NPU) of popped amaranths by either method were not different, but were lower than for the parboiled amaranth. The parboiled amaranth was not different from casein; (d) Leu was not the most limiting amino acid in any of the amaranth seeds tested. After Lys, sulfur amino acids appear to be the next most limiting in severely heat treated amaranth. The FBS seems to be a promising method for popping amaranth at industrial level.  相似文献   

Effects of topography and planted trees on the distribution of naturally regenerated broad-leaved trees in a 140-year-old <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis> plantation in northern Kyushu,Japan     

Takafumi Inoue  Tsutomu Enoki  Naoaki Tashiro  Kotaro Sakuta  Susumu Inoue 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(6):365-371

We investigated factors affecting the distribution of naturally regenerated broad-leaved trees in a 140-year-old Cryptomeria japonica plantation. We used path analysis to examine the relationship among microtopography, the biomass of planted trees, and the biomasses of canopy and subcanopy trees of broad-leaved species. The study plot was divided into three topographic types (ridge, slope, and valley), and we discuss how the different topographic types are affected. For all topographic types, the biomass of canopy trees of broad-leaved species decreased with convexity. For slope and valley topographies, the biomass of subcanopy trees of broad-leaved species also decreased with convexity. For ridge topography, the biomass of subcanopy trees of broad-leaved species increased with the biomass of planted trees, and decreased with the biomass of canopy trees of broad-leaved species. These results suggest the effects of microtopography on the biomass of subcanopy trees were much larger than the effects of canopy trees for slope and valley topographies, while the effects of microtopography were smaller for ridge topography.  相似文献